The design and operation of new viscometers are often presented with a focus on the miniaturization of the device and online monitoring of small amounts of liquid samples. The vibrational viscometers commonly used for viscosity measurements exploit the peak value of the frequency-response curve obtained from excitations of the oscillator submerged in the liquid. However, for high-viscosity liquids, the peak of the frequency-response curve is ambiguous or nonexistent, and hence hard to measure. To overcome this drawback and with a view to miniaturizing the device, we use the self-excited oscillations produced by a velocity feedback control. Our design uses a viscometer employing a cantilever driven by a piezo-actuator with analytics that do not rely on the frequency-response curve. A prototype piezo-driven macrocantilever with an oscillating plate attached at its tip was experimentally performed according to specifications. The proposed mechanism can be integrated into microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Shi
, X.
, and BeMiller
, J. M.
, 2002
, “Effects of Food Gums on Viscosities of Starch Suspensions During Pasting
,” Carbohydr. Polym.
, 50
(1
), pp. 7
–18
.2.
Livak-Dahl
, E.
, Lee
, J.
, and Burns
, M. A.
, 2013
, “Nanoliter Droplet Viscometer With Additive-Free Operation
,” Lab Chip
, 13
(2
), pp. 297
–301
.3.
Srivastava
, N.
, 2006
, “Analysis of Non-Newtonian Liquids Using a Microfluidic Capillary Viscometer
,” Anal. Chem.
, 78
(5
), pp. 1690
–1696
.4.
Pop
, G.
, de Backer
, T.
, de Jong
, M.
, Struijk
, P.
, Moraru
, L.
, Chang
, Z.
, Goovaerts
, H.
, Slager
, C.
, and Bogers
, A.
, 2004
, “On-Line Electrical Impedance Measurement for Monitoring Blood Viscosity During On-Pump Heart Surgery
,” Eur. Surg. Res.
, 36
(5
), pp. 259
–265
.5.
Markova
, L. V.
, Makarenko
, V. M.
, Semenyuk
, M. S.
, and Zozulya
, A. P.
, 2010
, “On-Line Monitoring of the Viscosity of Lubricating Oils
,” J. Frict. Wear
, 31
(6
), pp. 433
–442
.6.
Smith
, P.
, Young
, R.
, and Chatwin
, C.
, 2010
, “A MEMS Viscometer for Unadulterated Human Blood
,” J. Int. Meas. Confed.
, 43
(1
), pp. 144
–151
.7.
Srivastava
, N.
, Davenport
, R. D.
, and Burns
, M. A.
, 2005
, “Nanoliter Viscometer for Analyzing Blood Plasma and Other Liquid Samples
,” Anal. Chem.
, 77
(2
), pp. 383
–392
.8.
Endo
, H.
, Sode
, K.
, Karube
, I.
, and Muramatsu
, H.
, 1990
, “On-Line Monitoring of the Viscosity in Dextran Fermentation Using Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
, 36
(6
), pp. 636
–641
.9.
Lee
, I.
, Park
, K.
, and Lee
, J.
, 2012
, “Note: Precision Viscosity Measurement Using Suspended Microchannel Resonators
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
, 83
(11
), p. 116106
.10.
Sader
, J. E.
, 1998
, “Frequency Response of Cantilever Beams Immersed in Viscous Fluids With Applications to the Atomic Force Microscope
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 84
(1
), pp. 64
–76
.11.
Yabuno
, H.
, Higashino
, K.
, Kuroda
, M.
, and Yamamoto
, Y.
, 2014
, “Self-Excited Vibrational Viscometer for High-Viscosity Sensing
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 116
(12
), p. 124305
.12.
Sone
, H.
, Fujinuma
, Y.
, and Hosaka
, S.
, 2004
, “Picogram Mass Sensor Using Resonance Frequency Shift of Cantilever
,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
, 43
(6A
), pp. 3648
–3651
.13.
Yabuno
, H.
, Kuroda
, M.
, Someya
, T.
, Hayashi
, K.
, and Ashida
, K.
, 2011
, “Van der Pol-Type Self-Excited Microcantilever Probe for Atomic Force Microscopy
,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
, 50
(7
), p. 076601
.14.
Yabuno
, H.
, Seo
, Y.
, and Kuroda
, M.
, 2013
, “Self-Excited Coupled Cantilevers for Mass Sensing in Viscous Measurement Environments
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 103
(6
), p. 063104
.15.
Morita
, T.
, 2003
, “Miniature Piezoelectric Motors
,” Sens. Actuators, A
, 103
(3
), pp. 291
–300
.16.
Goodwin
, A. R. H.
, Fitt
, A. D.
, Ronaldson
, K. A.
, and Wakeham
, W. A.
, 2006
, “A Vibrating Plate Fabricated by the Methods of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) for the Simultaneous Measurement of Density and Viscosity: Results for Argon at Temperatures Between 323 and 423 K at Pressures up to 68 MPa
,” Int. J. Thermophys.
, 27
(6
), pp. 1650
–1676
.17.
Rezazadeh
, G.
, Ghanbari
, M.
, Mirzaee
, I.
, and Keyvani
, A.
, 2010
, “On the Modeling of a Piezoelectrically Actuated Microsensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Fluids Viscosity and Density
,” J. Int. Meas. Confed.
, 43
(10
), pp. 1516
–1524
.18.
Landau
, L. D.
, and Lifshitz
, E. M.
, 1989
, Fluid Mechanics
(Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 6), 2 ed., Pergamon Press
, Oxford, UK
.19.
Abel
, P. B.
, Eppell
, S. J.
, Walker
, A. M.
, and Zypman
, F. R.
, 2015
, “Viscosity of Liquids Form the Transfer Function of Microcantilevers
,” Measurement
, 61
, pp. 67
–74
.20.
Fedorchenko
, A. I.
, Stachiv
, I.
, and Wang
, W.
, 2013
, “Method of the Viscosity Measurement by Means of the Vibrating Micro/Nano-Mechanical-Resonators
,” Flow Meas. Instrum.
, 32
, pp. 84
–89
.21.
Oueini
, S. S.
, Nayfeh
, A. H.
, and Pratt
, J. R.
, 1998
, “A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber for Flexible Structures
,” Nonlinear Dyn.
, 15
(3
), pp. 259
–282
.22.
Yabuno
, H.
, Kunitho
, Y.
, and Kashimura
, T.
, 2008
, “Analysis of the Van der Pol System With Coulomb Friction Using the Method of Multiple Scales
,” ASME J. Vib. Acoust.
, 130
(4
), p. 041008
.23.
Lau
, W. R.
, Hwang
, C.-A.
, Brugge
, H. B.
, Iglesias-Silva
, G. A.
, Duarte-Garza
, H. A.
, Rogers
, W. J.
, Hall
, K. R.
, and Holste
, J. C.
, 1997
, “A Continuously Weighed Pycnometer for Measuring Fluid Properties
,” J. Chem. Eng. Data
, 42
(4
), pp. 738
–744
.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
