This paper investigates the free out of plane vibration of a rotating nonhomogeneous beam with nonlinear spring and mass system. The effect of nonhomogeneity of the beam appears both in the governing equations and in the boundary conditions, but the nonlinear spring-mass effect appears in the boundary conditions only. The solution is obtained by applying the method of multiple time scales directly to the nonlinear partial differential equations and the boundary conditions. The results of the linear frequencies match well with those obtained in open literature. The effect of the nonhomogeneity of the stiffer beam (β=0.01) reduces the frequencies of vibration of the beam. A possible physical explanation of this reduced frequency of the nonhomogeneous beam is discussed. A subsequent nonlinear study of the nonhomogeneous beam indicates that the mass of the spring and its location also have a pronounced effect on the vibration of the beam. The effect of the nonhomogeneity of the beam on the relative stability of the nonlinear vibration of the beam with spring-mass system is also studied.

1.
Potter
,
J. L.
, 1959, “
Improving Reliability and Eliminating Maintenance With Elastomeric Dampers for Rotor Systems
,” Lord Library No. LL2120.
2.
Mcguire
,
D. P.
, 1960, “
The Application of Elastomeric Lead-Lag Dampers to Helicopter Rotors
,” Lord Library No. LL2133.
3.
Huber
,
H.
, 1992, “
Will Rotor Hubs Loss Their Bearings? A Survey of Bearingless Main Rotor Development
,”
18th European Rotorcraft Forum
,
Avignon, France
.
4.
Housmann
,
G.
, 1986, “
Structural Analysis and Design Considerations of Elastomeric Dampers With Viscoelastic Material Behaviour
,”
Proceedings of the 12th European Rotorcraft Forum
,
Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany
, September, pp.
70.1
70.26
.
5.
Felkar
,
F.
,
Lan
,
B.
,
McLaughlin
,
S.
, and
Johnson
,
W.
, 1987, “
Non-Linear Behaviour of an Elastomeric Lag Damper Undergoing Dual-Frequency Motion and its Effect on Rotor Dynamics
,”
J. Am. Helicopter Soc.
0002-8711,
34
(
4
), pp.
45
53
.
6.
Smith
,
E. C.
,
Beale
,
M. R.
,
Govindswamy
,
K.
,
Vascsineci
,
H. J.
, and
Lesientre
,
G. A.
, 1995, “
Formulation and Validation of a Finite Element Model for Elastomeric Lag Dampers
,”
Proceedings of the 51st Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society
,
Forth Worth, TX
, May, pp.
1101
1116
.
7.
Gandhi
,
F.
, and
Chopra
,
L.
, 1996, “
Analysis of Bearingless Main Rotor Dynamics With the Inclusion of an Improved Time Domain Non-Linear Elastomeric Model
,”
J. Am. Helicopter Soc.
0002-8711,
41
(
3
), pp.
267
277
.
8.
Bousman
,
W. G.
,
Ormiston
,
R. A.
, and
Mirick
,
P. H.
, 1983, “
Design Considerations for the Bearingless Rotor Hubs
,”
Proceedings of the 39th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society
,
St. Louis, MO
.
9.
Hodges
,
D. H.
, and
Dowell
,
E. H.
, 1974, “
Non-Linear Equations of Motion for the Elastic Bending and Torsion of Twisted Non-Uniform Rotor Blades
,” NASA Report No. TN D-7818.
10.
Kaza
,
K. R.
, and
Kvaternik
,
R. G.
, 1977, “
Non-Linear Aeroelastic Equations for Combined Flap-Wise Bending, Chord-Wise Bending, Torsion and Extension of Twisted Non-Uniform Rotor Blades in Forward Flight
,” NASA Report No. TM-74059.
11.
Rosen
,
A.
, and
Friedmann
,
P. P.
, 1979, “
The Non-Linear Behavior of Elastic Slender Straight Beams Undergoing Small Strains and Moderate Relations
,”
ASME J. Appl. Mech.
0021-8936,
46
, pp.
161
168
.
12.
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
, 1981,
Introduction of Perturbation Technique
,
Wiley
,
New York
.
13.
Bauchau
,
O. A.
, 1985, “
A Beam Theory for Anisotropic Materials
,”
ASME J. Appl. Mech.
0021-8936,
52
, pp.
416
422
.
14.
Anderson
,
G. L.
, 1975, “
On the Extensional and Flexural Vibrations of Rotating Bars
,”
Int. J. Non-Linear Mech.
0020-7462,
10
, pp.
223
236
.
15.
Minguet
,
P.
, and
Dugundji
,
J.
, 1990, “
Experiments and Analysis for Composite Blades Under Large Deflection: Part 2-Dynamic Behavior
,”
AIAA J.
0001-1452,
28
, pp.
1580
1588
.
16.
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
,
Mook
,
D. T.
, and
Lobiz
,
D. W.
, 1974, “
Numerical-Perturbation Method for the Non-Linear Analysis of Structural Vibrations
,”
AIAA J.
0001-1452,
12
, pp.
1222
1228
.
17.
Pakdemirli
,
M.
, and
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
, 1994, “
Non-Linear Vibration of a Beam-Spring-Mass System
,”
ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.
0739-3717,
116
, pp.
433
439
.
18.
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
, and
Nayfeh
,
S. A.
, 1995, “
Non-Linear Normal Modes of a Continuous System With Quadratic Non-Linearities
,”
ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.
0739-3717,
117
, pp.
199
205
.
19.
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
,
Chin
,
C.
, and
Nayfeh
,
S. A.
, 1995, “
Non-Linear Normal Modes of a Cantilever Beam
,”
ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.
0739-3717,
117
, pp.
477
481
.
20.
Pohit
,
G.
,
Mallik
,
A. K.
, and
Venkatesan
,
C.
, 1999, “
Free Out-of-Plane Vibration of a Rotating Beam With Non-Linear Elastomeric Constraints
,”
J. Sound Vib.
0022-460X,
220
(
1
), pp.
1
25
.
21.
Pohit
,
G.
,
Venkatesan
,
C.
, and
Mallik
,
A. K.
, 2000, “
Elastomeric Damper Model and Limit Cycle Oscillation in Bearingless Helicopter Rotor Blade
,”
J. Aircr.
0021-8669,
37
(
5
), pp.
923
926
.
22.
Pesheck
,
E.
,
Pierre
,
C.
, and
Shaw
,
S. W.
, 2002, “
Modal Reduction of a Non-Linear Rotating Beam through Normal Modes
,”
ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.
0739-3717,
124
, pp.
229
236
.
23.
Das
,
S. K.
,
Ray
,
P. C.
, and
Pohit
,
G.
, 2005, “
Large Amplitude Free Vibration Analysis of a Rotating Beam With Non-Linear Spring and Mass System
,”
J. Vib. Control
1077-5463,
11
(
12
), pp.
1511
1533
.
24.
Pohit
,
G.
,
Venkatesan
,
C.
, and
Mallik
,
A. K.
, 2004, “
Influence of Non-Linear Elastomer on Isolated Lag Dynamics and Rotor/Fuselage Aeromechanical Stability
,”
J. Aircr.
0021-8669,
41
(
6
), pp.
1449
1464
.
25.
Friedmann
,
P.
,
Yuan
,
K.
,
Millott
,
T.
, and
Venkatesan
,
C.
, 1994, “
Correlation Studies for Hingless Rotors in Forward Flight
,”
Proceedings of the AIAA Dynamics Specialists Conference
,
Hilton Head, SC
, AIAA Paper 94-1722, pp.
402
415
.
26.
Gupta
,
P. K.
,
Venkatesan
,
C.
, and
Singh
,
O.
, 1997, “
Structural Dynamics of Rotor Blades With Precone-Presweep-Predoor-Pretwist and Torque Offset Including Hub Motion
,”
Proceedings of the 48th AGM, Aeronautical Society of India
,
Kharagpur, India
.
You do not currently have access to this content.