This paper presents an analysis of the vibrational behavior of a deep groove ball bearing with a structurally integrated force sensor. The miniaturized force sensor, accommodated within a slot on the bearing’s outer ring, provides on-line condition monitoring capability to the bearing. Analytical and finite element models were developed to predict the sensor output due to bearing dynamic load and rotational speed variations. Experimental studies were conducted on a ball bearing to validate the analytical and numerical solutions. Good agreement was found between the model-predicted sensor outputs and the experimental results. The findings validated the approach of integrated-sensing for on-line bearing condition monitoring. [S0739-3717(00)00203-8]

1.
Tepfer
,
D.
, and
Baldor
,
L. C.
,
1996
, “
Sikorsky says cause of crash was subcontractor’s bearings
,”
Connecticut Post
,
5
, No.
179
, pp.
1
1
.
2.
Duquette, A., 1997, “FAA Orders Inspections of GE90 Engines Installed on Boeing 777 Aircraft,” FAA News, APA 63–97.
3.
Farrel
,
I.
,
1994
, “
Vibration Analysis in the Press Section-Case Studies at Caledonian
,”
Pap. Technol. (Bury, U.K.)
,
35
, No.
7
, pp.
36
40
.
4.
Brown
,
P. J.
,
1977
, “
Condition Monitoring of Rolling Element Bearings
,”
Noise Control Vibrat. Insul.
,
8
, No.
2
, pp.
41
44
.
5.
Van Dyke D. J., 1991, “Successful Application of an Expert System for Vibration Based Rotating Machinery Diagnostics,” Proceedings, COMADEM 91: Third International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management, pp. 65–69.
6.
Jacobi
,
J. M.
,
1995
, “
Cleanliness, Fit, Lubrication Keys to Preventing Bearing Failures
,”
Pulp Pap.
,
69
, No.
8
, pp.
4
5
.
7.
Byrne
,
G.
,
Dornfeld
,
D.
,
Inasaki
,
I.
,
Ketteler
,
G.
,
Ko¨nig
,
W.
, and
Teti
,
R.
,
1995
, “
Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM)-The Status of Research and Industrial Application
,”
Ann. CIRP
,
44
, pp.
541
567
.
8.
Berggren
,
J. C.
,
1988
, “
Diagnosing Faults in Rolling Element Bearings, Part 1: Assessing Bearing Condition
,”
Vibrations
,
4
, No.
1
, pp.
5
13
.
9.
Tandon
,
N.
, and
Nakra
,
B. C.
,
1990
, “
Defect Detection in Rolling Element Bearings by Acoustic Emission Method
,”
J. Acoust. Emiss.
,
9
, No.
1
, pp.
25
28
.
10.
Kim
,
J.
, and
Choi
,
I.
,
1996
, “
Development of a tool failure detection system using multisensors
,”
Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
,
36
, No.
8
, pp.
861
870
.
11.
Harker
,
R. G.
, and
Hansen
,
J. S.
,
1985
, “
Rolling element bearing monitoring using high gain eddy current transducers
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
107
, No.
1
, pp.
160
164
.
12.
Catsaras
,
N.
,
Devaux
,
A.
, and
Laurent
,
F.
,
1998
, “
Large End Bearing Temperature Measurement Development, Testing and Application
,”
Power Eng.
,
2
, No.
2
, pp.
9
27
.
13.
Nickel
,
D. A.
, and
Sadeghi
,
F.
,
1997
, “
In Situ Tribocomponent Temperature Measurement Using a Radio Telemeter
,”
Tribol. Trans.
,
40
, No.
3
, pp.
514
520
.
14.
Tan, C. C., 1990, “Application of Acoustic Emission to the Detection of Bearing Failures,” Proceedings, Institution of Engineers Australia Tribology Conference, Brisbane, Dec. 3–5, pp. 110–114.
15.
Heng
,
R. B. W.
, and
Nor
,
M. J. M.
,
1998
, “
Statistical Analysis of Sound and Vibration Signals for Monitoring Rolling Element Bearing Condition
,”
Appl. Acoust.
,
53
, No.
1–3
, pp.
211
226
.
16.
SKF Condition Monitoring, Inc., 1991, Condition Monitoring Catalog, California, USA, (http://www.skfcm.com).
17.
Gao
,
R. X.
,
Jin
,
Y.
, and
Warrington
,
R.
,
1994
, “
Micro-Computer-Based Real Time Bearing Monitor
,”
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
,
43
, No.
2
, pp.
216
219
.
18.
Gao, R. X., and Phalakshan, P., 1995, “Design consideration for a sensor-integrated roller bearing,” Proc. 1995 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, Symposium on Rail Transportation, RTD-Vol. 10, pp. 81–86.
19.
Mori
,
K.
,
Kasashima
,
N.
,
Yoshioka
,
T.
, and
Ueno
,
Y.
,
1996
, “
Prediction of spalling on a ball bearing by applying the discrete wavelet transform to vibration signals
,”
Wear
,
195
, No.
1–2
, pp.
162
168
.
20.
Li
,
J.
, and
Ma
,
J.
,
1997
, “
Wavelet Decomposition of Vibrations for Detection of Bearing-Localized Defects
,”
NDT & E Int.
,
30
, No.
3
, pp.
143
149
.
21.
Huang
,
H.
, and
Wang
,
H.
,
1996
, “
An Integrated Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Roller Bearings
,”
Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
,
12
, No.
1
, pp.
37
46
.
22.
Holm-Hansen, B. T., and Gao, R. X., 1997, “Smart bearing utilizing embedded sensors: design considerations,” Proc. SPIE 4th International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, pp. 602–610, Paper No. 3041–51, San Diego, CA.
23.
McFadden
,
P.
, and
Smith
,
J.
,
1984
, “
Model for the vibration produced by a single point defect in a rolling element bearing
,”
J. Sound Vib.
,
96
, No.
1
, pp.
69
82
.
24.
Zoladz, T., Earhart, E., and Fiorucci, T., 1995, “Bearing defect signature analysis using advanced nonlinear signal analysis in a controlled environment,” NASA Technical Memorandum 108491.
25.
Harris, T. A., 1991, Rolling Bearing Analysis, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
26.
SKF, 1993, Application Information Catalog.
You do not currently have access to this content.