Blade Tip Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics in a Large Scale Turbine Cascade With Moving Endwall

High resolution Nusselt number distributions were measured on the blade tip surface of a large, 1.0 m chord, low-speed cascade representative of a high-pressure turbine. Data were obtained at a Reynolds number of $4.0×105$ based on exit velocity and blade axial chord. Tip clearance levels ranged from 0.56% to 1.68% design span or equally from 1% to 3% of the blade chord. An infrared camera, looking through the hollow blade, made detailed temperature measurements on a constant heat flux tip surface. The relative motion between the endwall and the blade tip was simulated by a moving belt. The moving belt endwall significantly shifts the region of high Nusselt number distribution and reduces the overall averaged Nusselt number on the tip surface by up to 13.3%. The addition of a suction side squealer tip significantly reduced local tip heat transfer and resulted in a 32% reduction in averaged Nusselt number. Analysis of pressure measurements on the blade airfoil surface and tip surface along with particle image velocimetry velocity flow fields in the gap gives an understanding of the heat transfer mechanism.