One and a half stages of a low pressure turbine were investigated using a three-dimensional time-accurate viscous solver. Unsteady analyses were carried out by varying the circumferential relative position of consecutive vanes to study the effects of clocking on performance. Assuming that efficiency improvements by clocking are linked to the wake tangential position with respect to the successive blade, a certain circumferential shift in this position can be observed along the blade height due to blade twist and nonradial stacking, giving different contributions. In order to assess this phenomenon, results from three-dimensional computations were compared with a quasi-three-dimensional analysis at mid-span. The effects of clocking on wake interaction mechanisms and unsteady blade loadings are presented and discussed.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Cobley, K., Coleman, N., Siden, G., and Arndt, N., 1997, “Design of New Three Stage Low Pressure Turbine for the BMW Rolls-Royce BR715 Turbofan Engine,” ASME Paper 97-GT-419.
2.
Curtis
, E. M.
, Hodson
, H. P.
, Banieghbal
, M. R.
, Denton
, J. D.
, Howell
, R. J.
, and Harvey
, N. W.
, 1997
, “Development of Blade Profiles for Low Pressure Turbine Applications
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 119
, pp. 531
–538
.3.
Haselbach
, F.
, Schiffer
, H. P.
, Horsman
, M.
, Dressen
, S.
, Harvey
, N. W.
, and Read
, S.
, 2002
, “The Application of Ultra High Lift Blading in the BR715 LP Turbine
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 124
, pp. 45
–51
.4.
Howell
, R. J.
, Hodson
, H. P.
, Schulte
, V.
, Stieger
, R. D.
, Schiffer
, H. P.
, Haselbach
, F.
, and Harvey
, N. W.
, 2002
, “Boundary Layer Development in the BR710 and BR715 LP Turbines—The Implementation of High-Lift and Ultra-High-Lift Concepts
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 124
, pp. 385
–392
.5.
Schulte
, V.
, and Hodson
, H. P.
, 1998
, “Unsteady Wake-Induced Boundary Layer Transition in High Lift HP Turbines
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 28
–35
.6.
Howell
, R. J.
, Ramesh
, O. N.
, Hodson
, H. P.
, Harvey
, N. W.
, and Schulte
, V.
, 2001
, “High Lift and Aft-Loaded Profiles for Low-Pressure Turbines
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 123
, pp. 181
–188
.7.
Arnone, A., Marconcini, M., and Pacciani, R., 2000, “On the Use of Unsteady Methods in Predicting Stage Aerodynamic Performance,” Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines—Conference Proceedings, Presses Universitaires de Grenoble (PUG), 9th ISUAAAT, Sept. 4–8, Lyon, France, pp. 24–36.
8.
Sharma, O. P., Ni, R. H., and Tanrikut, S., 1994, “Unsteady Flow in Turbines—Impact on Design Procedure,” AGARD Lecture Series 195, Turbomachinery Design Using CFD, Technical Report.
9.
Huber
, F. W.
, Johnson
, P. D.
, Sharma
, O. P.
, Staubach
, J. B.
, and Gaddis
, S. W.
, 1996
, “Performance Improvement Through Indexing of Turbine Airfoils: Part I—Experimental Investigation
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 118
, pp. 630
–635
.10.
Reinmo¨ller
, U.
, Stephan
, B.
, Schmidt
, S.
, and Niehuis
, R.
, 2002
, “Clocking Effects in a 1.5 Stage Axial Turbine—Steady and Unsteady Experimental Investigations Supported by Numerical Simulations
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 124
, pp. 52
–60
.11.
Dorney, D. J., and Sharma, O. P., 1996, “A Study of Turbine Performance Increases Through Airfoil Clocking,” AIAA Paper 96-2816.
12.
Eulitz, F., Engel, K., and Gebing, H., 1996, “Numerical Investigation of the Clocking Effects in a Multistage Turbine,” ASME Paper 96-GT-26.
13.
Griffin
, L. W.
, Huber
, F. W.
, and Sharma
, O. P.
, 1996
, “Performance Improvement Through Indexing of Turbine Airfoils: Part II—Numerical Simulation
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 118
, pp. 636
–642
.14.
Cizmas, P., and Dorney, D., 1998, “Parallel Computation of Turbine Blade Clocking,” AIAA Paper 98-3598.
15.
Dorney, D. J., Sharma, O. P., and Gundy-Burlet, K. L., 1998, “Physics of Airfoil Clocking in a High-Speed Axial Compressor,” ASME Paper 98-GT-082.
16.
Arnone
, A.
, Marconcini
, M.
, Pacciani
, R.
, Schipani
, C.
, and Spano
, E.
, 2002
, “Numerical Investigation of Airfoil Clocking in a Three-Stage Low Pressure Turbine
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 124
, pp. 61
–68
.17.
Gundy-Burlet, K. L., and Dorney, D. J., 1997, “Investigation of Airfoil Clocking and Inter-Blade-Row Gaps in Axial Compressors,” AIAA Paper 97-3008.
18.
Gundy-Burlet, K. L., and Dorney, D. J., 1997, “Physics of Airfoil Clocking in Axial Compressors,” ASME Paper 97-GT-444.
19.
Cizmas, P. G. A., and Dorney, D. J., 1999, “The Influence of Clocking on Unsteady Forces on Compressor an Turbine Blades,” ISABE Paper 99-7231.
20.
Dorney, D. J., Croft, R. R., Sondak, D. L., Stang, U. E., and Twardochleb, C. Z., 2001, “Computational Study of Clocking and Embedded Stage in a 4-Stage Industrial Turbine,” ASME Paper 2001-GT-509.
21.
Hsu
, S. T.
, and Wo
, A. M.
, 1998
, “Reduction of Unsteady Blade Loading by Beneficial Use of Vortical and Potential Disturbances in an Axial Compressor With Rotor Clocking
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 705
–713
.22.
Hummel
, F.
, 2002
, “Wake-Wake Interaction and Its Potential for Clocking in a Transonic High-Pressure Turbine
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 124
, pp. 69
–76
.23.
Gombert, R., and Ho¨hn, W., 2001, “Unsteady Aerodynamical Blade Row Interaction in a New Multistage Research Turbine—Part 1: Experimental Investigation,” ASME Paper 2001-GT-306.
24.
Arnone
, A.
, Liou
, M. S.
, and Povinelli
, L. A.
, 1992
, “Navier-Stokes Solution of Transonic Cascade Flow Using Non-Periodic C-Type Grids
,” J. Propul. Power
, 8
(2
), pp. 410
–417
.25.
Arnone, A., and Pacciani, R., 1997, “Numerical Prediction of Trailing Edge Wake Shedding,” ASME Paper 97-GT-89.
26.
Schmitt, S., Eulitz, F., Wallscheid, L., Arnone, A., and Marconcini, M., 2001, “Evaluation of Unsteady CFD Methods by Their Application to a Transonic Propfan Stage,” ASME Paper 2001-GT-310.
27.
Arnone, A., Liou, M. S., and Povinelli, L. A., 1993, “Multigrid Time-Accurate Integration of Navier-Stokes Equations,” AIAA Paper 93-3361-CP.
28.
Jameson, A., Schmidt, W., and Turkel, E., 1981, “Numerical Solutions of the Euler Equations by Finite Volume Methods Using Runge-Kutta Time-Stepping Schemes,” AIAA Paper 81-1259.
29.
Martinelli, L., and Jameson, A., 1988, “Validation of a Multigrid Method for Reynolds Averaged Equations,” AIAA Paper 88-0414.
30.
Swanson, R. C., and Turkel, E., 1987, “Artificial Dissipation and Central Difference Schemes for the Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations,” AIAA Paper 87-1107-CP.
31.
Arnone
, A.
, and Swanson
, R. C.
, 1993
, “A Navier-Stokes Solver for Turbomachinery Applications
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 115
, pp. 305
–313
.32.
Arnone
, A.
, and Pacciani
, R.
, 1996
, “Rotor-Stator Interaction Analysis Using the Navier-Stokes Equations and a Multigrid Method
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 118
, pp. 679
–689
.33.
Jameson, A., 1991, “Time Dependent Calculations Using Multigrid With Applications to Unsteady Flows Past Airfoils and Wings,” AIAA Paper 91-1596.
34.
Arnone
, A.
, and Pacciani
, R.
, 1998
, “IGV-Rotor Interaction Analysis in a Transonic Compressor Using the Navier-Stokes Equations
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 143
–155
.35.
Abu Ghannam
, B. J.
, and Shaw
, R.
, 1980
, “Natural Transition of Boundary Layers—The Effect of Turbulence, Pressure Gradient and Flow History
,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
, 22
(5
), pp. 213
–228
.36.
Solomon
, W. J.
, Walker
, G. J.
, and Gostelow
, J. P.
, 1996
, “Transition Length Prediction for Flows With Rapidly Changing Pressure Gradients
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 118
, pp. 744
–753
.37.
Arnone, A., Marconcini, M., Pacciani, R., and Spano, E., 1999, “Numerical Prediction of Wake-Induced Transition in a Low Pressure Turbine,” ISABE Paper 99-058.
38.
Korakianitis
, T.
, 1993
, “On the Propagation of Viscous Wakes and Potential Flow in Axial-Turbine Cascade
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 115
, pp. 118
–127
.39.
Hodson, H. P., 1998, “Blade Row Interactions in Low Pressure Turbines,” Blade Row Interference Effects in Axial Turbomachinery Stages, Von Ka´rma´n Institute, Lecture Series 1998-02.
40.
Novinski
, M.
, and Panovsky
, J.
, 2000
, “Flutter Mechanisms in Low Pressure Turbine Blades
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 122
, pp. 82
–88
.Copyright © 2004
by ASME
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