Fig. 1 ( a ) Metallographic cross sectioning ( a ) circumferentially (slicing parallel to the rolling direction), ( b ) perpendicular to the rolling direction, where small rectangles and numbers shown in ( b ) are locations of several sectioning, and ( c )–( h ) the cross sectioning made at positi... More about this image found in ( a ) Metallographic cross sectioning ( a ) circumferentially (slicing para...

Fig. 2 Contact cycles of lubricants until failure from the FE8 WEC test. Pattern in figure: first two bars with hash—WEC seen, fifth bar with hash—WEC seen but longer runtime, and third, fourth and sixth bar—no WEC and longer runtime. More about this image found in Contact cycles of lubricants until failure from the FE8 WEC test. Pattern i...

Fig. 3 Mean torque of lubricants tested on the FE8 WEC test. Pattern in figure: first two bars with hash—WEC seen, fifth bar with hash—WEC seen but longer runtime, and third, fourth and sixth bar—no WEC and longer runtime. More about this image found in Mean torque of lubricants tested on the FE8 WEC test. Pattern in figure: fi...

Fig. 4 Bearing surface condition after the FE8 WEC testing with ( a ) Min-A-high, ( b ) Syn-A-high, ( c ) Min-A-low, ( d ) Syn-A-low, ( e ) Min-B-high, and ( f ) Syn-KL-FF More about this image found in Bearing surface condition after the FE8 WEC testing with ( a ) Min-A-high, ...

Fig. 5 Metallographic images for ( a ) Min-A-high, ( b ) Syn-A-high, ( c ) Min-A-low, ( d ) Syn-A-low, ( e ) Min-B-high, and ( f ) Syn-KL-FF from FE8 WEC tests More about this image found in Metallographic images for ( a ) Min-A-high, ( b ) Syn-A-high, ( c ) Min-A-l...

Fig. 6 Negative TOF-SIMS data of ( a ) PO 3 − , ( b ) Fe 18 O 2 − , ( c ) total intensity of FeO, FeO 2 − , SO 3 − , and PO 4 − , and ( d ) total intensity of PO 3 − from tribofilms formed on the bearing raceway More about this image found in Negative TOF-SIMS data of ( a ) PO 3 − , ( b ) Fe 18 O 2 − , ( c ) total ...

Fig. 7 Positive TOF-SIMS data of ( a ) CaO + , ( b ) Ca 3 PO 5 + , ( c ) Zn + , ( d ) P + , ( e ) total intensity of Ca+ and CaO+, ( f ) total intensity of P + , ( g ) total intensity of ZnO + , and ( h ) total intensity of S+ and Ca 3 PO 4 + from tribofilms formed on the bearing raceway More about this image found in Positive TOF-SIMS data of ( a ) CaO + , ( b ) Ca 3 PO 5 + , ( c ) Zn + , (...

Fig. 8 (1) Optical images and (2) topography of tribofilm from the middle of the wear tracks of ( a ) Min-A-high, ( b ) Syn-A-high, ( c ) Min-A-low, ( d ) Syn-A-low, ( e ) Min-B-high, ( f ) Syn-KL-FF, and ( g ) untested region outside wear track More about this image found in (1) Optical images and (2) topography of tribofilm from the middle of the w...

Fig. 8 (1) Optical images and (2) topography of tribofilm from the middle of the wear tracks of ( a ) Min-A-high, ( b ) Syn-A-high, ( c ) Min-A-low, ( d ) Syn-A-low, ( e ) Min-B-high, ( f ) Syn-KL-FF, and ( g ) untested region outside wear track More about this image found in (1) Optical images and (2) topography of tribofilm from the middle of the w...

Fig. 8 (1) Optical images and (2) topography of tribofilm from the middle of the wear tracks of ( a ) Min-A-high, ( b ) Syn-A-high, ( c ) Min-A-low, ( d ) Syn-A-low, ( e ) Min-B-high, ( f ) Syn-KL-FF, and ( g ) untested region outside wear track More about this image found in (1) Optical images and (2) topography of tribofilm from the middle of the w...

Fig. 9 ( a ) Hardness and elastic modulus measurements of tribofilms formed from the lubricants investigated, ( b ) the hardness versus contact cycles, and ( c ) the elastic modulus versus contact cycles comparison for the lubricants investigated More about this image found in ( a ) Hardness and elastic modulus measurements of tribofilms formed from t...

Fig. 10 Metallographic images from ( a ) standard MPR specimens and ( b ) MPR specimens made out of wind turbine bearings tested with Syn-KL-FF More about this image found in Metallographic images from ( a ) standard MPR specimens and ( b ) MPR speci...

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram showing the effect of tribofilm thickness and ( a ) more hydrogen (H) source and ( b ) less hydrogen source on the WEC failure More about this image found in Schematic diagram showing the effect of tribofilm thickness and ( a ) more ...

Fig. 12 ( a ) Contact cycles from oil-swap tests and metallographic images from ( b ) test A and ( c ) test B More about this image found in ( a ) Contact cycles from oil-swap tests and metallographic images from ( b...

Fig. 1 Structure diagram of T-EFS: ( a ) two-dimensional assembly diagram of the end face seal and ( b ) three-dimensional schematic diagram of the T-EFS More about this image found in Structure diagram of T-EFS: ( a ) two-dimensional assembly diagram of the e...

Fig. 2 Three-dimensional model of fluid domain of T-EFS: ( a ) whole ring fluid domain model of T-grooves and ( b ) T-groove partial fluid domain model More about this image found in Three-dimensional model of fluid domain of T-EFS: ( a ) whole ring fluid do...