A novel hybrid polymer nanocomposite coating of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with nanoclay (C15A) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been developed to protect metallic mating surfaces in tribological applications. The hybrid nanocomposite coatings were deposited on aluminum substrates using an electrostatic spraying technique. Ball-on-disk wear tests using a 440C stainless steel ball as the counterface were conducted on the coatings under dry conditions to determine the optimum amount of the loadings of the nanofillers and evaluate their tribological performance at different normal loads and linear velocities. Micro-indentation, raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical profilometry techniques were used to characterize the coatings in terms of hardness, dispersion of the nanofillers, morphology, and wear mechanisms, respectively. Results showed that the UHMWPE hybrid nanocomposite coating reinforced with 1.5 wt % of C15A nanoclay and 1.5 wt % of CNTs did not fail even until 100,000 cycles at a normal load of 12 N and a linear speed of 0.1 m/s showing a significant improvement in wear resistance as compared to all other coatings evaluated in this study.
Issue Section:
Coatings and Solid Lubricants
References
1.
Briscoe
, B. J.
, and Sinha
, S. K.
, 2013
, “Chapter 1—Tribological Applications of Polymers and Their Composites–Past, Present and Future Prospects
,” Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites
, 2nd ed., K.
Friedrich
and A. K.
Schlarb
, eds., Butterworth-Heinemann
, Oxford, UK
, pp. 1
–22
.2.
Stein
, H. L.
, 1999
, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
, Ticona LLC/ASM International
, Materials Park, OH
.3.
Bakshi
, S. R.
, Tercero
, J. E.
, and Agarwal
, A.
, 2007
, “Synthesis and Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite by Electrostatic Spraying Technique
,” Compos. Part A
, 38
(12
), pp. 2493
–2499
.4.
Kumar
, R. M.
, Kumar
, S.
, Kumar
, B. V. M.
, and Lahiri
, D.
, 2015
, “Effects of Carbon Nanotube Aspect Ratio on Strengthening and Tribological Behavior of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite
,” Compos. Part A
, 76
, pp. 62
–72
.5.
Liu
, P.
, White, K. L., Sugiyama, H., Xi, J., Higuchi, T., Hoshino, T., Ishige, R., Jinnai, R., Takahara, A., and Sue, H.-J., 2013
, “Influence of Trace Amount of Well-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes on Structural Development and Tensile Properties of Polypropylene
,” Macromolecules
, 46
(2
), pp. 463
–473
.6.
Chu
, C.-C.
, White
, K. L.
, Liu
, P.
, Zhang
, X.
, and Sue
, H.-J.
, 2012
, “Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Stability of Polypropylene Containing Disentangled Carbon Nanotubes
,” Carbon
, 50
(12
), pp. 4711
–4721
.7.
Mohammed, A. S.,
Ali
, A. B.
, and Merah
, N.
, 2017
, “Evaluation of Tribological Properties of Organoclay Reinforced UHMWPE Nanocomposites
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 139
(1
), p. 012001.8.
Mohammed, A. S.,
Ali
, A. B.
, and Merah
, N.
, 2016
, “Tribological Investigations of UHMWPE Nanocomposites Reinforced With Three Different Organo-Modified Clays
,” Polym. Compos.
, epub.9.
Plumlee
, K.
, and Schwartz
, C. J.
, 2009
, “Improved Wear Resistance of Orthopaedic UHMWPE by Reinforcement With Zirconium Particles
,” Wear
, 267
(5–8
), pp. 710
–717
.10.
Alam
, F.
, Kumar
, A.
, Patel
, A. K.
, Sharma
, R. K.
, and Balani
, K.
, 2015
, “Processing, Characterization and Fretting Wear of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles Reinforced Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Biopolymer Nanocomposite
,” J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc.
, 67
(4
), pp. 688
–701
.11.
Mirsalehi
, S. A.
, Khavandi
, A.
, Mirdamadi
, S.
, Naimi-Jamal
, M. R.
, and Kalantari
, S. M.
, 2015
, “Nanomechanical and Tribological Behavior of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
, 132
(23
), pp. 1
–11
.12.
Tai
, Z.
, Chen
, Y.
, An
, Y.
, Yan
, X.
, and Xue
, Q.
, 2012
, “Tribological Behavior of UHMWPE Reinforced With Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 46
(1
), pp. 55
–63
.13.
Bhattacharyya
, A.
, Chen
, S.
, and Zhu
, M.
, 2014
, “Graphene Reinforced Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene With Improved Tensile Strength and Creep Resistance Properties
,” Express Polym. Lett.
, 8
(2
), pp. 74
–84
.14.
Mohammed, A. S., and
Fareed
, M. I.
, 2016
, “Improving the Friction and Wear of Poly-Ether-Etherketone (PEEK) by Using Thin Nano-Composite Coatings
,” Wear
, 364–365
, pp. 154
–162
.15.
Samad
, M. A.
, and Sinha
, S. K.
, 2011
, “Mechanical, Thermal and Tribological Characterization of a UHMWPE Film Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes Coated on Steel
,” Tribol. Int.
, 44
(12
), pp. 1932
–1941
.16.
Chih
, A.
, Ansón-Casaos
, A.
, and Puértolas
, J. A.
, 2017
, “Frictional and Mechanical Behaviour of Graphene/UHMWPE Composite Coatings
,” Tribol. Int.
, 116
, pp. 295
–302
.17.
Ravi
, K.
, Ichikawa
, Y.
, Ogawa
, K.
, Deplancke
, T.
, Lame
, O.
, and Cavaille
, J. Y.
, 2016
, “Mechanistic Study and Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene-Nano-Ceramic Composite Coating
,” J. Therm. Spray Technol.
, 25
(1–2
), pp. 160
–169
.18.
Azam
, M. U.
, and Samad
, M. A.
, 2018
, “A Novel Organoclay Reinforced UHMWPE Nanocomposite Coating for Tribological Applications
,” Prog. Org. Coat.
, 118
, pp. 97
–107
.19.
Gbadeyan
, O. J.
, and Kanny
, K.
, 2018
, “Tribological Behaviours of Polymer-Based Hybrid Nanocomposite Brake Pad
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 140
(3), p. 032003.20.
Ali
, A. B.
, Mohammed, A. S., and Merah
, N.
, 2017
, “UHMWPE Hybrid Nanocomposites for Improved Tribological Performance Under Dry and Water-Lubricated Sliding Conditions
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 65
(3
), pp. 1
–10
.21.
Shen
, X.
, Pei
, X.
, Liu
, Y.
, and Fu
, S.
, 2014
, “Tribological Performance of Carbon Nanotube—Graphene Oxide Hybrid/Epoxy Composites
,” Compos. Part B
, 57
, pp. 120
–125
.22.
Liu
, M.
, Zhu
, H.
, Siddiqui
, N. A.
, Leung
, C. K. Y.
, and Kim
, J.
, 2011
, “Glass Fibers With Clay Nanocomposite Coating: Improved Barrier Resistance in Alkaline Environment
,” Compos. Part A
, 42
(12
), pp. 2051
–2059
.23.
Kowalczyk
, K.
, and Spychaj
, T.
, 2008
, “Epoxy Coatings With Modified Montmorillonites
,” Prog. Org. Coat.
, 62
(4
), pp. 425
–429
.24.
Golgoon
, A.
, Aliofkhazraei
, M.
, Toorani
, M.
, Moradi
, M. H.
, and Rouhaghdam
, A. S.
, 2015
, “Corrosion and Wear Properties of Nanoclay-Polyester Nanocomposite Coatings Fabricated by Electrostatic Method
,” Procedia Mater. Sci.
, 11
, pp. 536
–541
.25.
Yeh
, J. M.
, Liou
, S. J.
, Lu
, H. J.
, and Huang
, H. Y.
, 2004
, “Enhancement of Corrosion Protection Effect of Poly(Styrene-Co-Acrylonitrile) by the Incorporation of Nanolayers of Montmorillonite Clay Into Copolymer Matrix
,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
, 92
(4
), pp. 2269
–2277
.26.
Gbadeyan
, O. J.
, Kanny
, K.
, and Pandurangan
, M. T.
, 2017
, “Tribological, Mechanical, and Microstructural of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Short Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 140
(2
), p. 022002
.27.
May-Pat
, A.
, Avilés
, F.
, Toro
, P.
, Yazdani-Pedram
, M.
, and Cauich-Rodríguez
, J. V.
, 2012
, “Mechanical Properties of PET Composites Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized by Inorganic and Itaconic Acids
,” Express Polym. Lett.
, 6
(2
), pp. 96
–106
.28.
Wu
, C. S.
, and Liao
, H. T.
, 2017
, “Interface Design of Environmentally Friendly Carbon Nanotube-Filled Polyester Composites: Fabrication, Characterisation, Functionality and Application
,” Express Polym. Lett.
, 11
(3
), pp. 187
–198
.29.
Sinha
, S. K.
, Lee
, C. B.
, and Lim
, S. C.
, 2008
, “Tribological Performance of UHMWPE and PFPE Coated Films on Aluminium Surface
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 29
(3
), pp. 193
–199
.30.
Samad
, M. A.
, Satyanarayana
, N.
, and Sinha
, S. K.
, 2010
, “Tribology of UHMWPE Film on Air-Plasma Treated Tool Steel and the Effect of PFPE Overcoat
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 204
(9–10
), pp. 1330
–1338
.31.
Oliver
, W. C.
, and Pharr
, G. M.
, 1992
, “An Improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus Using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments
,” J. Mater. Res.
, 7
(6
), pp. 1564
–1583
.32.
Nemanich
, R. J.
, and Solin
, S. A.
, 1979
, “First- and Second-Order Raman Scattering From Finite-Size Crystals of Graphite
,” Phys. Rev. B
, 20
(2
), pp. 392
–401
.33.
Saito
, R.
, Dresselhaus
, G.
, and Dresselhaus
, M.
, 1998
, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
, Imperial College Press
, London
.34.
Kip
, B. J.
, Eijk
, M. C. V.
, and Meier
, R. J.
, 1991
, “Molecular Deformation of High- Modulus Polyethylene Fibers Studied by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
,” J. Polym. Sci. Part B
, 29
(1
), pp. 99
–108
.35.
Naylor
, C. C.
, Meier
, R. J.
, Kip
, B. J.
, Williams
, K. P. J.
, Mason
, S. M.
, Conroy
, N.
, and Gerrard
, D. L.
, 1995
, “Raman Spectroscopy Employed for the Determination of the Intermediate Phase in Polyethylene
,” Macromolecules
, 28
(24
), pp. 2969
–2978
.36.
Wunder
, S. L.
, and Merajver
, S. D.
, 1986
, “Ultrahigh‐Molecular‐Weight Polyethylene: Raman Spectroscopic Study of Melt Anisotropy
,” J. Polym. Sci. Part B
, 24
(1
), pp. 99
–110
.37.
McNallya
, T.
, Potschke
, P.
, Halley
, P.
, Murphy
, M.
, Martin
, D.
, Bell
, S. E. J.
, Brennan
, G. P.
, Bein
, D.
, Lemoine
, P.
, and Quinn
, J. P.
, 2005
, “Polyethylene Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites
,” Polymer
, 46
(19
), pp. 8222
–8232
.38.
Pesetskii
, S. S.
, Bogdanovich
, S. P.
, and Myshkin
, N. K.
, 2013
, “Tribological Behavior of Polymer Nanocomposites Produced by Dispersion of Nanofillers in Molten Thermoplastic
,” Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites: Friction and Wear of Bulk Materials and Coatings
, 2nd ed., Vol. 55
, K.
Friedrich
and A. K.
Schlarb
, eds., Butterworth-Heinemann
, Oxford, UK
, pp. 119
–162
.39.
Mimaroglu
, A.
, Unal
, H.
, and Arda
, T.
, 2007
, “Friction and Wear Performance of Pure and Glass Fibre Reinforced Poly-Ether-Imide on Polymer and Steel Counterface Materials
,” Wear
, 262
(11–12
), pp. 1407
–1413
.40.
Senthur
, P. S.
, Prathiba
, S.
, Sharma
, A.
, Garg
, S.
, Manikandan
, G.
, and Sriram
, C.
, 2014
, “Investigation on Adhesive Wear Behaviour of Industrial Crystalline and Semi-Crystalline Polymers Against Steel Counterface
,” Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res.
, 6
(7
), pp. 3422
–3430
.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28663608641.
Laux
, K. A.
, Jean-Fulcrand
, A.
, Sue
, H. J.
, Bremner
, T.
, and Wong
, J. S. S.
, 2016
, “The Influence of Surface Properties on Sliding Contact Temperature and Friction for Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
,” Polymer
, 103
, pp. 397
–404
.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
