The theoretical background and the numerical modeling results of a ground-based verification activity of a critical space mission phase affected by adhesion issues are presented. Tribological models are first reviewed with an emphasis on the contact forces assessment and their relationship to the geometrical, material, and mechanical properties of the contacting metal bodies. An approach based on a finite element analysis of the contact, accounting for the adhesion forces, is then proposed for studying the contact behavior of smooth surfaces in vacuum. Some solutions aimed at reducing adhesion pull-off forces are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the role of surface roughness in reducing adhesion. To this purpose, a fractal surface theory is used to estimate interaction forces. The obtained results are applied to discuss the role of adhesion on the release of a test mass under zero gravity as well as to suggest an appropriate detachment procedure that finds a specific application in a scientific space mission.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Bowden
, F. P.
, and Tabor
, D.
, 1954, Friction and Lubrication of Solids
, Clarendon
, Oxford, UK
.2.
Hordon
, M. J.
, and Roehrig
, J. R.
, 1966, “Investigation of the Adhesion of Metals in Ultra-High Vacuum
,” NASA CR-66279.3.
Buckley
, D. H.
, 1967, “The Influence of Crystal Structure, Orientation and Solubility on the Adhesion and Sliding of Various Metal Single Crystals in Vacuum (10−11Torr)
,” Adhesion or Cold Welding of Materials in Space Environments, ASTM Special Technical Publications, Vol. 431
, pp. 248
–271
.4.
Gilbreath
, W. P.
, 1967, “Definition and Evaluation of Parameters Which Influence the Adhesion of Metals
,” Adhesion or Cold Welding of Materials in Space Environments, ASTM Special Technical Publications, Vol. 431
, pp. 128
–148
.5.
Gane
, N.
, Pfaelzer
, P. F.
, and Tabor
, D.
, 1974, “Adhesion between Clean Surfaces at Light Loads
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
1364-5021, 340
, pp. 495
–517
.6.
Winslow
, P. M.
, and McIntyre
, D. V.
, 1966, “Adhesion of Metals in the Space Environment
,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol.
0022-5355, 3
, pp. 54
–61
.7.
Danzmann
, K.
, 1997, “LISA—an ESA Cornerstone Mission for a Gravitational Wave Observatory
,” Class. Quantum Grav.
0264-9381, 14
, pp. 1399
–1404
.8.
Vitale
, S.
, 2002, “LISA and its In-Flight Test Precursor SMART-2
,” Nucl. Phys. B
0550-3213, 110
, pp. 209
–216
.9.
Dolesi
, R.
, Bortoluzzi
, D.
, Bosetti
, P.
, Carbone
, L.
, Cavalleri
, A.
, Cristofolini
, I.
, Da Lio
, M.
, Fontana
, G.
, Fontanari
, V.
, Foulon
, B.
, Hoyle
, C. D.
, Hueller
, M.
, Nappo
, F.
, Sarra
, P.
, Shaul
, D. N. A.
, Sumner
, T.
, Weber
, W. J.
, and Vitale
, S.
, 2003, “Gravitational Sensor for LISA and its Technology Demonstration Mission
,” Class. Quantum Grav.
0264-9381, 20
, pp. S99
–S108
.10.
Cavalleri
, A.
, Dolesi
, R.
, Fontana
, G.
, Hueller
, M.
, Turneaure
, J.
, Vitale
, S.
, and Weber
, W.
, 2001, “Progress in the Development of a Position Sensor for LISA Drag-Free Control
,” Class. Quantum Grav.
0264-9381, 18
, pp. 4133
–4144
.11.
Takahashi
, Y.
, and Matsuaka
, S.
, 2003, “Adhesional Bonding of Fine Gold Wires to Metal Substrates
,” J. Adhes. Sci. Technol.
0169-4243, 17
, pp. 435
–451
.12.
Takahashi
, Y.
, and Uesugi
, K.
, 2003, “Stress Induced Diffusion Along Adhesional Contact Interfaces
,” Acta Mater.
1359-6454, 51
, pp. 2219
–2234
.13.
Maugis
, D.
, and Pollock
, H. M.
, 1984, “Surface Forces, Deformation and Adherence at Metal Microcontacts
,” Acta Metall.
0001-6160, 32
, pp. 1323
–1334
.14.
Packham
, D. E.
, 1996, “Work of Adhesion: Contact Angles and Contact Mechanics
,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.
0143-7496, 16
, pp. 121
–128
.15.
Johnson
, K. L.
, 1998, “Mechanics of Adhesion
,” Tribol. Int.
0301-679X, 31
, pp. 413
–418
.16.
Maugis
, D.
, 2000, Contact, Adhesion and Rupture of Elastic Solids
, Springer-Verlag
, Berlin, Germany
.17.
Johnson
, K. L.
, Kendall
, K.
, and Roberts
, A. D.
, 1971, “Surface Energy and the Contact of Elastic Solids
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
1364-5021, 324
, pp. 301
–313
.18.
Derjaguin
, B. V.
, Muller
, V. M.
, and Toporov
, Y. P.
, 1975, “Effect of Contact Deformations on the Adhesion of Particles
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
0021-9797, 53
, pp. 314
–326
.19.
Tabor
, D.
, 1976, “Surface Forces and Surface Interactions
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
0021-9797, 58
, pp. 1
–13
.20.
Alcantar
, N. A.
, Chad
, Park
, Jian
, Mei Pan
, and Israelachvili
, J. N.
, 2003, “Adhesion and Coalescence of Ductile Metal Surfaces and Nanoparticles
,” Acta Mater.
1359-6454, 51
, pp. 31
–47
.21.
Fuller
, K. N. G.
, and Tabor
, D.
, 1975, “The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Adhesion of Elastic Solids
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
1364-5021, 324
, pp. 327
–342
.22.
Greenwood
, J. A.
, and Williamson
, J. B. P.
, 1966, “Contact of Nominally Flat Surfaces
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
1364-5021, 295
, pp. 300
–319
.23.
Argento
, C.
, Jagota
, A.
, and Carter
, W. C.
, 1997, “Surface Formulation for Molecular Interactions of Macroscopic Bodies
,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids
0022-5096, 45
, pp. 1161
–1183
.24.
Jagota
, A.
, Argento
, C.
, and Mazur
, S.
, 1998, “Growth of Adhesive Contacts for Maxwell Viscoelastic Spheres
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 83
, pp. 250
–259
.25.
Israelachvili
, J.
, 1992, Intermolecular and Surface Forces
, Academic
, New York
.26.
Lee
, L. H.
, 1991, “The Chemistry and Physics of Solid Adhesion
,” in Fundamentals of Adhesion
, edited by L. H.
Lee
, Plenum
, New York
, pp. 1
–86
.27.
Komvopoulos
, K.
, 2003, “Adhesion and Friction Forces in Microelectromechanical Systems: Mechanisms, Measurement, Surface Modification Techniques, and Adhesion Theory
,” J. Adhes. Sci. Technol.
0169-4243, 17
, pp. 477
–517
.28.
Mandelbrot
, B.
, 1983, The Fractal Geometry of Nature
, Freeman
, New York
.29.
Komvopoulos
, K.
, and Yan
, W.
, 1997, “A Fractal Analysis of Stiction in Micromechanical Systems
,” ASME J. Tribol.
0742-4787, 119
, pp. 391
–400
.30.
Komvopoulos
, K.
, and Yan
, W.
, 1998, “Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Fractal Analysis of Surface Adhesion in Micromechanical Systems
,” ASME J. Tribol.
0742-4787, 120
, pp. 808
–813
.31.
Hays
, D. A.
, 1991, “Role of Electrostatics in Adhesion
,” in Fundamentals of Adhesion
, edited by L. H.
Lee
, Plenum
, New York
, pp. 249
–278
.32.
Lowell
, J.
, and Rose-Innes
, A. C.
, 1980, “Contact Electrification
,” Adv. Phys.
0001-8732, 29
, pp. 947
–1023
.33.
Cottrell
, G. A.
, Lowell
, J.
, and Rose-Innes
, A. C.
, 1979, “Charge Transfer in Metal-Polymer Contacts and the Validity of Contact Charge Spectroscopy
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 50
, pp. 374
–376
.34.
Fabish
, T. J.
, Saltsburg
, H. M.
, and Hair
, M. L.
, 1976, “Charge Transfer in Metal/Atactic Polystyrene Contacts
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 47
, pp. 930
–939
.35.
Davis
, J. R.
, 1990, Metals Handbook: Volume, 2, Properties and Selection: Non-Ferrous Alloys and Special Purpose Materials
, ASM International
, Materials Park, OH
.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
