A general steady-state elastohydrodynamic lubrication model was developed for artificial hip joints, with particular reference to the effect of the anatomical position of the cup and the three-dimensional physiological loading and motion experienced during walking. Appropriate spherical coordinates and mesh grids were employed to facilitate the numerical solution. A specific hip implant employing an ultrahigh molecular-weight polyethylene acetabular cup against a metallic femoral head was chosen to demonstrate the general applicability of the lubrication model and the effects of both the cup inclination angle and the combined flexion-extension and internal-external rotation on the lubrication were analyzed.
1.
Paul
, J. P.
, 1967, “Forces Transmitted by Joints in the Human Body
,” Proc. IMechE. on Lubrication and Wear in Living and Artificial Human Joints
, Vol. 181
(3J)
), pp. 8
–15
.2.
Ingham
, E.
, and Fisher
, J.
, 2005, “The Role of Macrophages in Osteolysis of Total Joint Replacement
,” Biomaterials
0142-9612, 26
(11
), pp. 1271
–86
.3.
Unsworth
, A.
, Dowson
, D.
, and Wright
, V.
, 1975, “The Frictional Behaviour of Human Synovial Joints—Part II: Artificial Joints
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
0022-2305, 97
(3
), pp. 377
–382
.4.
Scholes
, S. C.
, and Unsworth
, A.
, 2000, “Comparison of Friction and Lubrication of Different Hip Prostheses
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 214
(1
), pp. 49
–57
.5.
Jin
, Z. M.
, Medley
, J. B.
, and Dowson
, D.
, 2003, “Fluid Film Lubrication in Artificial Hip Joints
,” Proc. of 29th Leeds-Lyon Symp. on Tribology
, pp. 237
–256
.6.
Goenka
, P. K.
, 1980, “Effect of Surface Ellipticity on Dynamically Loaded Spherical and Cylindrical Joints and Bearings
,” Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.7.
Goenka
, P. K.
, and Booker
, J. F.
, 1980, “Spherical Bearings: Static and Dynamic Analysis via the Finite Element Method
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
0022-2305, 102
, pp. 308
–319
.8.
Kothari
, M.
, Booker
, J. F.
, and Bartel
, D. L.
, 1995, “Analysis of Artificial Hip Joints as Spherical Bearings
,” Proc. of 21st Leeds-Lyon Symp. on Tribology
, Leeds, pp. 93
–98
.9.
Ai
, X. L.
, and Cheng
, H. S.
, 1996, “Hydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Metallic Hip Joint
,” Tribol. Trans.
1040-2004, 39
(1
), pp. 103
–111
.10.
Jin
, Z. M.
, and Dowson
, D.
, 1999, “A Full Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Artificial Hip Joint Replacements Constructed from Hard Materials
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
0954-4062, 213
(4
), pp. 355
–370
.11.
Meyer
, D. M.
, and Tichy
, J. A.
, 1999, “Lubrication Model of an Artificial Hip Joint: Pressure Profile Versus Inclination Angle of the Acetabular Cup
,” ASME J. Tribol.
0742-4787, 121
(3
), pp. 492
–498
.12.
Meyer
, D. M.
, 2003, “Reynolds Equation for Spherical Bearings
,” ASME J. Tribol.
0742-4787, 125
(1
), pp. 203
–206
.13.
Meyer
, D. M.
, and Tichy
, J. A.
, 2003, “3-D Model of a Total Hip Replacement in Vivo Providing Hydrodynamic Pressure and Film Thickness for Walking and Bicycling
,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
0148-0731, 125
(6
), pp. 777
–784
.14.
Hamrock
, B. J.
, and Dowson
, D.
, 1978, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Elliptical Contacts for Materials of Low Elastic Modulus, I: Fully Flooded Conjunction
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
0022-2305, 100
(2
), pp. 236
–245
.15.
Medley
, J. B.
, Chan
, F. W.
, Krygier
, J. J.
, and Bobyn
, J. D.
, 1996, “Comparison of Alloys and Designs in Hip Simulator Study of Metal on Metal Implants
,” Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.
0009-921X, 329
(Suppl.), pp. S148
–S159
.16.
Medley
, J. B.
, Krygier
, J. J.
, Bobyn
, J. D.
, Chan
, F. W.
, Lippincott
, A.
, and Tanzer
, M.
, 1997, “Kinematics of the MATCO Hip Simulator and Issues Related to Wear Testing of Metal-Metal Implants
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 211
(1
), pp. 89
–100
.17.
Jin
, Z. M.
, Dowson
, D.
, and Fisher
, J.
, 1997, “Analysis of Fluid Film Lubrication in Artificial Hip Joint Replacements With Surfaces of High Elastic Modulus
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 211
(3
), pp. 247
–256
.18.
Jin
, Z. M.
, 2000, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Circular Point Contact for a Compliant Layered Surface Bonded to a Rigid Substrate—Part 2 Numerical Results
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 214
(3
), pp. 281
–289
.19.
Jalali-Vahid
, D.
, Jagatia
, M.
, Jin
, Z. M.
, and Dowson
, D.
, 2000, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of UHMWPE Hip Joint Replacements
,” in Thinning Films and Tribological Interfaces, Proc. of 26th Leeds-Lyon Symp. on Tribology
, pp. 329
–339
.20.
Bartel
, D. L.
, Burstein
, A. H.
, Toda
, M. D.
, and Edwards
, D. L.
, 1985, “The Effect of Conformity and Plastic Thickness on Contact Stress in Metal-Backed Plastic Implants
,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
0148-0731, 107
, pp. 193
–199
.21.
Jagatia
, M.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2001, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Metal-on-Metal Hip Prosthesis under Steady-State Entraining Motion
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 215
(6
), pp. 531
–541
.22.
Jagatia
, M.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2002, “Analysis of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication in a Novel Metal-on-Metal Hip Joint Replacement
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 216
(3
), pp. 185
–193
.23.
Udofia
, I. J.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2003, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Prostheses
,” J. Biomech.
0021-9290, 36
(4
), pp. 537
–544
.24.
Yew
, A.
, Udofia
, I. J.
, Jagatia
, M.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2004, “Analysis of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication in Mckee-Farrar Metal-on-Metal Hip Joint Replacements
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
, In Press.25.
Jalali-Vahid
, D.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2002, “Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of UHMWPE Hip Joint Replacements
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
0954-4062, 216
(4
), pp. 409
–420
.26.
Jalali-Vahid
, D.
, Jin
, Z. M.
, and Dowson
, D.
, 2003, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Hip Implants Under Transient Conditions
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
0954-4062, 217
(7
), pp. 767
–777
.27.
Saarri
, H.
, Santavirta
, S.
, Nordstrom
, D.
, Paavolainen
, P.
, and Konttinen
, Y. T.
, 1993, “Hyaluronate in Total Hip Replacement
,” J. Rheumatol.
0315-162X, 20
(1
), pp. 87
–90
.28.
Delecrin
, J.
, Oka
, M.
, Takahashi
, S.
, Yamamuro
, T.
, and Nakamura
, T.
, 1994, “Changes in Joint Fluid After Total Arthroplasty
,” Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.
0009-921X, 307
, pp. 240
–249
.29.
Yao
, J. Q.
, Laurent
, M. P.
, Johnson
, T. S.
, Blanchard
, C. R.
, and Crowinshield
, R. D.
, 2003, “The Influence of Lubricant and Material on Polymer/CoCr Sliding Friction
,” Wear
0043-1648, 255
, pp. 780
–784
.30.
Cooke
, A. V.
, Dowson
, D.
, and Wright
, V.
, 1978, “The Rheology of Synovial Fluid and Some Potential Synthetic Lubricants for Degenerate Synovial Joints
,” Eng. Med.
0046-2039, 7
, pp. 66
–72
.31.
Jin
, Z. M.
, Heng
, S. M.
, Ng
, H. W.
, and Auger
, D. D.
, 1999, “An Axisymmetric Contact Model of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Cups Against Metallic Femoral Heads for Artificial Hip Joint Replacements
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 213
(4
), pp. 317
–327
.32.
Mak
, M. M.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2002, “Analysis of Contact Mechanics in Ceramic-on-Ceramic Hip Joint Replacements
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part H: J. Eng. Med.
0954-4119, 216
(4
), pp. 231
–236
.33.
Jin
, Z. M.
, Dowson
, D.
, and Fisher
, J.
, 1993, “Fluid Film Lubrication in Natural Hip Joints
,” in Thin Films in Tribology
, Tribology Series
D.
Dowson
, C. M.
Taylor
, and M.
Godet
, eds., Elsevier
, Amsterdam, pp. 545
–555
.34.
Chan
, F. W.
, Medley
, J. B.
, Bobyn
, J. D.
, and Krygier
, J. J.
, 1998, “Numerical Analysis of Time-Varying Fluid Film Thickness in Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants in Simulator Tests
,” in Alternative Bearing Surfaces in Total Joint Replacement, ASTM STP 1346
, J. J.
Jacobs
and T. L.
Craig
, eds., ASTM
, pp. 111
–128
.35.
Roter
, G. E.
, Medley
, J. B.
, Bobyn
, J. D.
, Krygier
, J. J.
, and Chan
, F. W.
, 2002, Intermittent Motion: A Novel Simulator Protocol for the Wear of Metal-Metal Hip Implants
, Tribology Series 40
, Elsevier
, pp. 367
–376
.36.
Wang
, D.
, 1994, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Point Contacts for Layers of Soft Solids and for ‘Monolithic’ Hard Materials in the Transient Bouncing Ball Problem
,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds.37.
Wang
, F. C.
, and Jin
, Z. M.
, 2004, “Prediction of Elastic Deformation of Acetabular Cup and Femoral Head for Lubrication Analysis of Artificial Hip Joints
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J: J. Eng. Tribol.
1350-6501, 218
, 283
–291
.38.
Bergmann
, G.
, Deuretzbacher
, G.
, Heller
, M.
, Graichen
, F.
, Rohlmann
, A.
, Strauss
, J.
, and Duda
, G. N.
, 2001, “Hip Contact Forces and Gait Patterns from Routine Activities
,” J. Biomech.
0021-9290, 34
(7
), pp. 859
–871
.39.
Hu
, Y. Z.
, and Zhu
, D.
, 2000, “A Full Numerical Solution to the Mixed Lubrication in Point Contacts
,” ASME J. Tribol.
0742-4787, 122
(1
), pp. 1
–9
.Copyright © 2005
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
