Abstract
A three dimensional study of a cold droplet impacting obliquely on a a heated solid flat surface covered by a hot liquid layer has been performed. The drop Weber number, liquid film thickness and drop impact angle are set to a range from 100 to 800, 0.1 to 0.4, and 0° to 60° respectively. The interface evolution and thermal behaviour after drop impingement is well captured using coupled level-set and volume of fluid method (CLSVOF). The code is checked against previously published results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that in the case of oblique drop impact, the crown dynamics and wall heat flux distribution exhibit an asymmetric pattern, with secondary droplets generated solely on the downstream side, as opposed to normal drop impact. Based on heat flux values, two distinct region within the liquid film exist: (i) impact region around the impact point and (ii) undisturbed region far from the cavity dynamics. A parametric analysis further demonstrates that as the drop impact angle and drop Weber number increase, the asymmetric behaviour increases. As a result, significant cooling occurs when the impact angle is lower or the Weber number is higher. Furthermore, it is found that a thinner liquid film promote heat transfer from the solid surface, resulting in a higher average wall heat flux.
