Abstract
This study presents a test campaign carried out at IFPEN aimed at understanding and characterizing the thermal behavior of electric motors incorporating direct oil cooling. Several cooling systems and oils are evaluated at different operating points, and the effect of parameter variations is investigated. Experimentations are defined and performed to understand and quantify the impact of different oils and direct cooling systems on the performances of the electrical machine. The test results make it possible to verify and quantify the gain on the thermal behavior obtained by adding an oil injection system directly to the active parts of the machine in addition to an indirect water jacket cooling. This gain is observed for a representative set of operating points and oil injection parameters. The impact of physicochemical properties of oils on direct cooling performance is assessed by a comparison of several oils. The viscous friction losses are also identified. The results presented include a repeatability and reproducibility study for speed values up to 14 krpm and continuous powers up to 60 kW.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
electric motors,
oil cooling,
cooling systems,
experimental bench,
energy efficiency,
energy systems,
experimental techniques,
experimental/measurement techniques,
heat transfer enhancement
Topics:
Architecture,
Cooling,
Machinery,
Oils,
Petroleum,
Temperature,
Water,
Stress,
Heat,
Friction
References
1.
Davin
, T.
, Pelle
, J.
, Harmand
, S.
, and Yu
, R.
, 2015
, “Experimental Study of Oil Cooling Systems for Electric Motors
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 75
, pp. 1
–13
. 2.
Gai
, Y.
, Kimiabeigi
, M.
, Chuan Chong
, Y.
, Widmer
, J. D.
, Deng
, X.
, Popescu
, M.
, and Steven
, A.
, 2019
, “Cooling of Automotive Traction Motors: Schemes, Examples, and Computation Methods
,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
, 66
(3
), p. 3
. 3.
Li
, B.
, Kuo
, H.
, Wang
, X.
, Chen
, Y.
, Wang
, Y.
, Gerada
, D.
, Worall
, S.
, Stone
, I.
, and Yan
, Y.
, 2020
, “Thermal Management of Electrified Propulsion System for Low-Carbon Vehicles
,” Automot. Innov.
, 3
(4
), pp. 299
–316
. 4.
Bertin
, Y.
, 1999
, “Refroidissement des Machines électriques Tournantes
,” Techniques de l'Ingénieur, traité Génie électrique, D3460 v1
.5.
Bertin
, Y.
, 2006
, “Refroidissement des Machines Tournantes. Études Paramétriques
,” Techniques de l'Ingénieur, traité Génie électrique., D3462 v1
.6.
Gundabattini
, E.
, Mystkowski
, A.
, Idzkowski
, A.
, Raja Singh
, R.
, and Solomon
, D. G.
, 2021
, “Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review
,” Energies
, 14
(5
), p. 1472
. 7.
Mock
, P.
, 2019
, “CO2 Emission Standards for Passenger Cars and Light-Commercial Vehicles in the European Union
,” Policy Update
, https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EU-LCV-CO2-2030_ICCTupdate_20190123.pdf8.
McLeod
, P.
, Bradley
, K. J.
, Ferrah
, A.
, Magill
, R.
, Clare
, J. C.
, Wheeler
, P.
, and Sewell
, P.
, 1998
, “High Precision Calorimetry for the Measurement of the Efficiency of Induction Motors
,” Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting
, St. Louis, MO
, Oct. 12–15
, IEEE, Vol. 1, pp. 304
–311
.9.
Wang
, R.
, Wang
, Y.
, Feng
, C.
, and Zhang
, X.
, 2015
, “Powertrain Preheating System of Tracked Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Cold Weather
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 91
, pp. 252
–258
. 10.
He
, H.
, Zhou
, N.
, and Sun
, C.
, 2017
, “Efficiency Decrease Estimation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine With Demagnetization Faults
,” Energy Procedia
, 105
, pp. 2718
–2724
. 11.
Park
, M. H.
, and Kim
, S. C.
, 2019
, “Thermal Characteristics and Effects of Oil Spray Cooling on In-Wheel Motors in Electric Vehicles
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 152
, pp. 582
–593
. 12.
Staton
, D. A.
, Popescu
, M.
, Hawkins
, D.
, Boglietti
, A.
, and Cavagnino
, A.
, 2010
, “Influence of Different End Region Cooling Arrangements on End-Winding Heat Transfer Coefficients in Electrical Machines
,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition
, Atlanta, GA
, Sept. 12–16
, IEEE, pp. 1298
–1305
.13.
Kim
, J.
, 2007
, “Spray Cooling Heat Transfer: The State of the Art
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 28
(4
), pp. 753
–767
. 14.
Jafari
, M.
, 2014
, “Analysis of heat transfer in Spray Cooling Systems Using Numerical Simulations
,” Electronic Theses and Dissertations, Paper No. 5028
, http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd15.
Ehrenpreis
, C.
, Bahi
, H. E.
, Xu
, H.
, Roux
, G.
, Kneer
, R.
, and Rohlfs
, W.
, 2020
, “Physically-Motivated Figure of Merit (FOM) Assessing the Cooling Performance of Fluids Suitable for the Direct Cooling of Electrical Components
,” IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems
, Orlando, FL
, July 21–23
, IEEE, pp. 422
–429
.16.
Boglietti
, A.
, Cavagnino
, A.
, Staton
, D.
, Shanel
, M.
, Mueller
, M.
, and Mejuto
, C.
, 2009
, “Evolution and Modern Approaches for Thermal Analysis of Electrical Machines
,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
, 56
(3
), pp. 871
–882
. 17.
Boglietti
, A.
, Cossale
, M.
, Popescu
, M.
, and Staton
, D. A.
, 2019
, “Electrical Machines Thermal Model: Advanced Calibration Techniques
,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
, 55
(3
), pp. 2620
–2628
. 18.
Vanhaelst
, R.
, Kheir
, A.
, and Czajka
, J.
, 2016
, “A Systematic Analysis of the Friction Losses on Bearings of Modern Turbocharger
,” Combust. Engines
, 164
(1
), pp. 22
–31
. 19.
Dairay
, T.
, Fortuné
, V.
, Lamballais
, E.
, and Brizzi
, L.
, 2015
, “Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Jet Impinging on a Heated Wall
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 764
, pp. 362
–394
. 20.
Cornacchia
, I.
, Pilla
, G.
, Chareyron
, B.
, Bruneaux
, G.
, Kaiser
, S.
, and Poubeau
, A.
, 2021
, “Development of an Experimental Methodology to Characterize Liquid Cooling Systems for Electric Motors
,” IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference
, Hartford, CT
, May 17–20
, IEEE, pp. 1
–7
.21.
Wood
, L. G.
, 1950
, “The Change of Viscosity of Oils Containing High Polymers When Subjected to High Rates of Shear
,” Br. J. Appl. Phys.
, 1
(8
), p. 202
–206
. 22.
Lehmann
, R.
, Petuchow
, A.
, Moullion
, M.
, Künzler
, M.
, Windel
, C.
, and Gauterin
, F.
, 2020
, “Fluid Choice Based on Thermal Model and Performance Testing for Direct Cooled Electric Drive
,” Energies
, 13
(22
), p. 5867
. 23.
Liu
, C.
, Xu
, Z.
, Gerada
, D.
, Li
, J.
, Gerada
, C.
, Chong
, Y. C.
, Popescu
, M.
, Goss
, J.
, Staton
, D.
, and Zhang
, H.
, 2020
, “Experimental Investigation on Oil Spray Cooling With Hairpin Windings
,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
, 67
(9
), pp. 7343
–7353
. 24.
Ha
, T.
, and Kim
, D. K.
, 2021
, “Study of Injection Method for Maximizing Oil-Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Motor With Hairpin Winding
,” Energies
, 14
(3
), p. 747
. Copyright © 2021 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
