Abstract

The paper describes a concept by which the geometric irregularity (shape, angularity, and surface texture) of aggregate particles is unified and expressed quantitatively by basic and volumetric characteristics that are related to the physical properties of individual particles as well as to the packing behavior of particles in bulk. A test method, the pouring test, was developed for bulk measurements of these characteristics by a fast, simple, and practical procedure. Tests were made on 22 types of aggregate with six sizes of each. It was found that the new geometric parameters can reflect and explain the discernible irregularity of a wide range of aggregate types and sizes. The parameters were highly correlated with the packing specific gravity, asphalt requirement of the particles, optimum asphalt content, and maximum stability of graded bituminous mixtures. The parameters successfully provided physical explanations to marginal and unexpected behavior of unconventional aggregates, while conventional test indexes failed to provide an appropriate explanation.

Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
aggregates, geometric surfaces, surface properties, texture, aggregate shape, aggregate angularity, geometric irregularity (aggregates), packing volume, packing specific gravity, rugosity, pouring test, voids, porosity, asphalt concrete, portland cement concrete

References

1.
Mather
,
B.
, “
Concrete Aggregates—Shape, Surface Texture, and Coating
,” in
Symposium on Significance of Tests of Concrete
, STP 169,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1955
, pp.
284
-
296
.
2.
Kaplan
,
M. F.
, “
Flexural and Compressive Strength of Concrete as Affected by the Properties of Coarse Aggregates
,”
Journal of American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061, Vol.
55
, No.
11
,
1959
, pp.
1139
-
1208
.
3.
Huang
,
E. Y.
 and
Boutilier
,
O. D.
, “
An Annotated Bibliography on the Geometric Characteristics of Mineral Aggregates for Pavement Purposes
,”
Michigan State Highway Department
, Report No. 86546, Lansing,
1965
.
4.
Wadell
,
H.
, “
Volume, Shape and Roundness of Rock Particles
,”
Journal of Geology
, Vol.
40
,
1932
, pp.
443
-
451
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
5.
Wadell
,
H.
, “
Sphericity and Roundness of Rock Particles
,”
Journal of Geology
, Vol.
41
,
1933
, pp.
310
-
331
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
6.
Krumbein
,
W. C.
, “
Measurement and Geological Significance of Shape and Roundness of Sedimentary Particles
,”
Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
, Vol.
11
, No.
2
,
1941
, pp.
64
-
72
.
7.
Ascherbrenner
,
B. C.
, “
A New Method of Expressing Particle Sphericity
,”
Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
, Vol.
11
, No.
2
,
1941
, pp.
64
-
72
.
8.
Huang
,
E. Y.
, “
A Test for Evaluating the Geometric Characteristics of Coarse Aggregate Particles
,”
Proceedings
,
American Society for Testing and Materials
, Vol.
62
,
Philadelphia
,
1962
, pp.
1225
-
1242
.
9.
Rex
,
H. M.
 and
Peck
,
R. A.
, “
A Laboratory Test to Evaluate the Shape and Surface Texture of Fine Aggregate Particles
,”
Public Roads
 0033-3735, Vol.
29
, No.
5
,
12
1956
, pp.
118
-
120
.
10.
Shergold
,
F. A.
, “
The Percentage Voids in Compacted Gravel as a Measure of its Angularity
,”
Magazine of Concrete Research
 0024-9831, Vol.
5
, No.
13
,
1953
, pp.
3
-
10
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
11.
Bloem
,
D. L.
 and
Gaynor
,
R. D.
, “
Effects of Aggregate Properties on Strength of Concrete
,”
Journal of American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061, Vol.
60
, No.
10
,
10
1963
, pp.
1429
-
1454
.
12.
Wills
,
M. H.
, Jr., “
How Aggregate Particle Shape Influences Concrete Mixing Water Requirement and Strength
,”
Journal of Materials
 0022-2453, Vol.
2
, No.
4
,
12
1967
, pp.
843
-
865
.
13.
Tons
,
E.
 and
Goetz
,
W. H.
, “
Packing Volume Concept for Aggregates
,”
Highway Research Record No. 236
,
Highway Research Board
,
Washington, D.C.
,
1968
, pp.
76
-
96
.
14.
Tons
,
E.
,
Goetz
,
W. H.
, and
Anderson
,
V. L.
, “
Flow in Aggregate-Binder Mixes
,”
Proceedings of The Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists
, Vol.
39
,
Ann Arbor, Mich.
,
1970
, pp.
24
-
59
.
15.
Ishai
,
I.
 and
Tons
,
E.
, “
Aggregate Factors in Bituminous Mixture Design
,” Report 335140-1-F,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor,
1971
.
16.
Ishai
,
I.
, “
Aggregate Factors in Bituminous Mixture Design
,” Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor,
1972
. (Available through University Microfilm, Inc., 300 N. Zeeb, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106.)
17.
Tons
,
E.
 and
Ishai
,
I.
, “
Design Factors for Bituminous Concrete
,” Report 320115,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor,
1973
.
18.
Ishai
,
I.
 and
Tons
,
E.
, “
Factors in Bituminous Concrete Design
,”
Asphalt Paving Technology (AAPT)
, Vol.
42
,
1973
, pp.
160
-
199
.
This content is only available via PDF.
All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ASTM International.
You do not currently have access to this content.