Abstract

The friction between the floor and the pedestrian's shoe bottom is an important factor in walkway safety. There exist a number of instruments, called tribometers, for measuring this quantity. The ASTM F 13.1 Subcommittee on Tribometry, part of the ASTM F-13 Committee on Safety and Traction for Footwear, held a workshop in 1991 at Bucknell University, Lewisberg, PA. At that workshop, a number of commonly used and experimental tribometers were tested under strict laboratory conditions: The ASTM C-1028 horizontal-pull drag sled, Technial Products Model 80 drag sled, Slip Test Mark I Portable Articulated-Strut Tribometer, Slip Test Mark II Portable Inclined-Strut Tribometer, Horizontal Pull Slipmeter drag sled, Tortus dynamic drag sled, Sigler pendulum dynamic tribometer, and the James Articulated-Strut. This paper describes a number of results from that workshop.

References

1.
Brungraber
,
R. J.
, “
An Overview of Floor Slip-Resistance Research with Annotated Bibliography
,”
NBS—Technical Note
 895,
U.S. Government Printing Office
.
2.
Lanshammar
,
H.
and
Strandberg
,
L.
, “
Assessment of Friction by Speed Measurement During Walking in Closed Path
,”
Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of Biomechanics 1983
,
Waterloo, Canada
,
Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.
,
Champaign, IL
, pp.
72
-
75
.
3.
Sigler
,
P. A.
, “
Relative Slipperiness of Floor and Deck Surfaces
,”
The National Bureau of Standards Building Materials and Structures Report
BMS 100:1-12.
4.
Sigler
,
P. A.
,
Geib
,
M. N.
, and
Boone
,
T. H.
, “
The Measurement of Slipperiness of Walkway Surfaces
,” Research Paper RP1879,
Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards
,
05
1948
, Vol.
40
, pp.
339
-
346
.
5.
James
,
S. V.
, “
What is a Safe Floor Finish?
Soap and Sanitary Chemicals
, Vol.
10
,
1944
, pp.
111
-
115
.
6.
Jung
,
K.
and
Schenk
,
H.
, “
An International Comparison of Test Methods for Determining the Slip-Resistance of Shoes
,”
Journal of Occupational Accidents
, Vol.
13
,
1990
, pp.
271
-
290
.
7.
Irvine
,
C. H.
, “
Evaluation of Some Factors Affecting Measurements of Slip-Resistance of Shoe Sole Materials on Floor Surfaces
,”
Journal of Testing and Evaluation
 0090-3973, Vol.
4
, No.
2
,
1976
, pp.
133
-
138
.
8.
Braun
,
R.
and
Brungraber
,
R. J.
, “
Comparison of Two Slip-Resistance Testers
,”
Measurement of Slip Resistance
, ASTM STP 649,
1978
, pp.
49
-
59
.
9.
James
,
D. L.
, “
Slip Resistance Tests for Flooring: Two Tests Compared
,”
Polymer Testing
 0142-9418, Vol.
5
,
1985
, pp.
403
-
425
.
10.
Andres
,
R. O.
and
Chaffin
,
D. B.
, “
Ergonomic Analysis of Slip-Resistance Measurement Devices
,”
Ergonomics
 0014-0139, Vol.
28
, No.
7
,
1985
, pp.
1065
-
1079
.
11.
Bailey
,
M.
, “
The Measurement of the Slip-Resistance of Floor Surfaces: the Tortus and the Pendulum
,”
Construction & Building Materials
(reprint).
12.
Buczek
,
F. L.
,
Cavanagh
,
P. R.
,
Kulakowsi
,
B. T.
, and
Pradhan
,
P.
, “
Slip Resistance Needs of the Mobility Disabled During Level and Grade Walking
,”
Slips, Stumbles, and Falls: Pedestrian Footwear and Surfaces
, ASTM STP 1103,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1990
, pp.
39
-
54
.
13.
Chaffin
,
D. B.
,
Woldstad
,
J. C.
, and
Trujillo
,
A.
, “
Floor/Shoe Slip Resistance Measurement
,”
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
 0002-8894, Vol.
53
,
05
1992
, pp.
283
-
289
.
14.
Brungraber
,
R. J.
,
English
,
W.
,
Fleisher
,
D. H.
,
Gray
,
B. E.
,
Kohr
,
R. L.
,
Marletta
,
W.
and
Marpet
,
M. I.
, “
Bucknell University F-13 Workshop to Evaluate Various Slip Resistance Measuring Devices
,”
ASTM Standardization News
 0090-1210,
1992
, pp.
21
-
24
.
15.
Proctor
,
T. D.
and
Coleman
,
V.
, “
Slipping, Tripping, and Falling Accidents in Great Britain—Present and Future
,”
Journal of Occupational Accidents
, Vol.
9
,
1988
, pp.
269
-
285
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.