A conceptual design of the power system for a water–lithium bromide absorption system is presented in this work for a given cooling load. The proposed system utilizes both solar thermal and the photovoltaic (PV) generated electrical energy for its operation. The performance of the power system is analyzed over a complete year for a designed operation strategy. It is found that the proposed system can provide an annual-average surplus of 17.4 kWh of energy per day after meeting the in-house energy requirements. Finally, an economic analysis is performed to calculate the payback period of the system.

References

1.
Anisur
,
M. R.
,
Mahfuz
,
M. H.
,
Kibria
,
M. A.
,
Saidur
,
R.
,
Metselaar
,
I. H. S. C.
, and
Mahlia
,
T. M. I.
,
2013
, “
Curbing Global Warming With Phase Change Materials for Energy Storage
,”
Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
,
18
, pp.
23
30
.10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.014
2.
Ullah
,
K. R.
,
Saidur
,
R.
,
Ping
,
H. W.
,
Akikur
,
R. K.
, and
Shuvo
,
N. H.
,
2013
, “
A Review of Solar Thermal Refrigeration and Cooling Methods
,”
Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
,
24
, pp.
499
513
.10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.024
3.
Said
,
S. A. M.
,
El-Shaarawi
,
M. A. I.
, and
Siddiqui
,
M. U.
,
2012
, “
Alternative Designs for a 24-h Operating Solar-Powered Absorption Refrigeration Technology
,”
Int. J. Refrig.
,
35
(
7
), pp.
1967
1977
.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.06.008
4.
Field
,
R. L.
,
Carrasco
,
P.
, and
Dequadros
,
C. A.
,
1982
, “
Review of Photovoltaic-Powered Refrigeration for Medicines in Developing Countries
,”
Sol. Cells
,
6
(
3
), pp.
309
316
.10.1016/0379-6787(82)90037-0
5.
Moharil
,
R. M.
, and
Kulkarni
,
P. S.
,
2009
, “
A Case Study of Solar Photovoltaic Power System at Sagardeep Island, India
,”
Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
,
13
(
3
), pp.
673
681
.10.1016/j.rser.2007.11.016
6.
Enibe
,
S. O.
,
1997
, “
Solar Refrigeration for Rural Applications
,”
Renewable Energy
,
12
(
2
), pp.
157
167
.10.1016/S0960-1481(97)00036-0
7.
Best
,
R.
, and
Ortega
,
N.
,
1999
, “
Solar Refrigeration and Cooling
,”
Renewable Energy
,
16
(
1–4
), pp.
685
690
.10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00252-3
8.
Chen
,
G.
, and
Hihara
,
E.
,
1999
, “
A New Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Using Solar Energy
,”
Sol. Energy
,
66
(
6
), pp.
479
482
.10.1016/S0038-092X(99)00042-0
9.
Kim
,
D. S.
, and
Ferreira
,
C. A. I.
,
2008
, “
Solar Refrigeration Options—A State-of-the-Art Review
,”
Int. J. Refrig.
,
31
(
1
), pp.
3
15
.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.07.011
10.
Marcos
,
J. D.
,
Izquierdo
,
M.
, and
Palacios
,
E.
,
2011
, “
New Method for COP Optimization in Water- and Air-Cooled Single and Double Effect LiBr–Water Absorption Machines
,”
Int. J. Refrig.
,
34
(
6
), pp.
1348
1359
.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.03.017
11.
Asdrubali
,
F.
, and
Grignaffini
,
S.
,
2005
, “
Experimental Evaluation of the Performances of a H2O–LiBr Absorption Refrigerator Under Different Service Conditions
,”
Int. J. Refrig.
,
28
(
4
), pp.
489
497
.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.11.006
12.
Jakob
,
U.
,
Spiegel
,
K.
, and
Pink
,
W.
,
2008
, “
Development and Experimental Investigation of a Novel 10 kW Ammonia/Water Absorption Chiller
,”
Proceedings of the 9th International IEA Heat Pump Conference
, Zurich, Switzerland, May 20–22, pp.
1
8
.
13.
Du
,
S.
,
Wang
,
R. Z.
,
Lin
,
P.
,
Xu
,
Z. Z.
,
Pan
,
Q. W.
, and
Xu
,
S. C.
,
2012
, “
Experimental Studies on an Air-Cooled Two-Stage NH3–H2O Solar Absorption Air-Conditioning Prototype
,”
Energy
,
45
(
1
), pp.
581
587
.10.1016/j.energy.2012.07.041
14.
Lin
,
P.
,
Wang
,
R. Z.
, and
Xia
,
Z. Z.
,
2011
, “
Numerical Investigation of a Two-Stage Air-Cooled Absorption Refrigeration System for Solar Cooling: Cycle Analysis and Absorption Cooling Performances
,”
Renewable Energy
,
36
(5), pp.
1401
1412
.10.1016/j.renene.2010.11.005
15.
Ozgoren
,
M.
,
Bilgili
,
M.
, and
Babayigit
,
O.
,
2012
, “
Hourly Performance Prediction of Ammonia–Water Solar Absorption Refrigeration
,”
Appl. Therm. Eng.
,
40
, pp.
80
90
.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.058
16.
Pongtornkulpanicha
,
A.
,
Thepa
,
S.
,
Amornkitbamrung
,
M.
, and
Butcher
,
C.
,
2008
, “
Experience With Fully Operational Solar-Driven 10-ton LiBr/H2O Single-Effect Absorption Cooling System in Thailand
,”
Renewable Energy
,
33
(
5
), pp.
943
949
.10.1016/j.renene.2007.09.022
17.
Bouaziz
,
N.
,
Ridha
,
B. I.
, and
Lakhdar
,
K.
,
2011
, “
Performance of a Water Ammonia Absorption System Operating at Three Pressure Levels
,”
J. Mech. Energy Resour.
,
3
(
4
), pp.
120
127
.
18.
Mastrullo
,
R.
, and
Renno
,
C.
,
2010
, “
A Thermo-Economic Model of a Photovoltaic Heat Pump
,”
Appl. Therm. Eng.
,
30
(
14–15
), pp.
1959
1966
.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.04.023
19.
Khaliq
,
A.
,
Agrawal
,
B. K.
, and
Kumar
,
R.
,
2012
, “
First and Second Law Investigation of Waste Heat Based Combined Power and Ejector-Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
,”
Int. J. Refrig.
,
35
(
1
), pp.
88
97
.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.08.005
20.
Razykov
,
T. M.
,
Ferekides
,
C. S.
,
Morel
,
D.
,
Stefnakos
,
E.
,
Wall
,
H. S.
, and
Upadhyaya
,
H. M.
,
2011
, “
Solar Photovoltaic Electricity: Current Status and Future Prospects
,”
Sol. Energy
,
85
(
8
), pp.
1580
1608
.10.1016/j.solener.2010.12.002
21.
Chien
,
Z.-J.
,
Cho
,
H.-P.
,
Jwo
,
C.-S.
,
Chien
,
C.-C.
,
Chen
,
S.-L.
, and
Chen
,
Y.-L.
,
2013
, “
Experimental Investigation on an Absorption Refrigerator Driven by Solar Cells
,”
Int. J. Photoenergy
,
2013
, p.
490124
.10.1155/2013/490124
22.
Ganguly
,
A.
,
Talukdar
,
K.
, and
Basu
,
D. N.
,
2013
, “
Modeling and Analysis of a Solar Photovoltaic Assisted Absorption Refrigeration System
,”
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research
,
Mumbai, India
, Dec. 10–12, Paper No. 57, pp. 260–266.
23.
Patek
,
J.
, and
Klomfar
,
J.
,
2006
, “
A Computationally Effective Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of LiBr–H2O Solutions From 273 to 500 K Over Full Composition Range
,”
Int. J. Refrig.
,
29
(
4
), pp.
566
578
.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.10.007
24.
Wagner
,
W.
, and
Kruse
,
A.
,
1998
,
Properties of Water and Steam IAPWS-IF97
,
Springer-Verlag
,
Berlin, Germany
.
25.
Lin
,
P.
,
Wang
,
R. Z.
, and
Xia
,
Z. Z.
,
2011
, “
Numerical Investigation of a Two-Stage Air-Cooled Absorption Refrigeration System for Solar Cooling: Cycle Analysis and Absorption Cooling Performances
,”
Renewable Energy
,
36
(
5
), pp.
1401
1412
.10.1016/j.renene.2010.11.005
26.
Duffie
,
J. A.
, and
Beckman
,
W. A.
,
2006
,
Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes
, 3rd ed.,
John Wiley and Sons
,
Hoboken, NJ
.
27.
Malhotra
,
A.
,
Garg
,
H. P.
, and
Palit
,
A.
,
1981
, “
Heat Loss Calculation of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
,”
J. Therm. Energy
,
2
(
2
), pp.
59
62
.
28.
Incropera
,
F. P.
, and
Dewitt
,
D. P.
,
2004
,
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
, 5th ed.,
John Wiley and Sons
,
Singapore
.
29.
Farahat
,
S.
,
Sarhaddi
,
F.
, and
Ajam
,
H.
,
2009
, “
Exergetic Optimization of Flat Plate Solar Collectors
,”
Renewable Energy
,
34
(
4
), pp.
1169
1174
.10.1016/j.renene.2008.06.014
30.
Tyagi
,
A. P.
,
2009
,
Solar Radiant Energy Over India
,
India Meteorological Department
,
New Delhi, India
.
31.
Ganguly
,
A.
,
Mishra
,
D.
, and
Ghosh
,
S.
,
2010
, “
Modeling and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic-Electrolyzer-Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Integrated With a Floriculture Greenhouse
,”
Energy Build.
,
42
(
11
), pp.
2036
2043
.10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.06.012
32.
Central Electronics Limited
,
2011
, “
Solar Module PM-150 Specification
,” Accessed Jan. 12, 2012. Available at: http://www.celindia.co.in
33.
Bejan
,
A.
,
Tsatsaronis
,
G.
, and
Moran
,
M.
,
1996
,
Thermal Design and Optimization
,
John Wiley and Sons
,
New York
.
34.
Petela
,
R.
,
2008
, “
An Approach to the Exergy Analysis of Photosynthesis
,”
Sol. Energy
,
82
(
4
), pp.
311
328
.10.1016/j.solener.2007.09.002
35.
Sarhaddi
,
F.
,
Farahat
,
S.
,
Ajam
,
H.
, and
Behzadmehr
,
A.
,
2010
, “
Exergetic Performance Assessment of a Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Air Collector
,”
Energy Build.
,
42
(
11
), pp.
2184
2199
.10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.07.011
36.
Chel
,
A.
,
Tiwari
,
G. N.
, and
Chandra
,
A.
,
2009
, “
Simplified Method of Sizing and Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Building Integrated Photovoltaic System
,”
Energy Build.
,
41
(
11
), pp.
1172
1180
.10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.06.004
37.
Nawaz
,
I.
, and
Tiwari
,
G. N.
,
2006
, “
Embodied Energy Analysis of Photovoltaic (PV) System Based on Macro- and Micro-Level
,”
Energy Policy
,
34
(
17
), pp.
3144
3152
.10.1016/j.enpol.2005.06.018
38.
Sukhatme
,
S. P.
, and
Nayak
,
J. K.
,
2013
,
Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage
, 3rd ed.,
McGraw-Hill Education (India)
,
New Delhi, India
.
39.
Zafar
,
S.
, and
Dincer
,
I.
,
2014
, “
Energy, Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analyses of a Combined Renewable Energy System for Residential Applications
,”
Energy Build.
,
71
, pp.
68
79
.10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.006
You do not currently have access to this content.