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1-7 of 7
Jamie L. Baisden
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Proceedings Papers
Narayan Yoganandan, Jason Moore, Jamie L. Baisden, Frank A. Pintar, B. Joseph McEntire, Valeta Carol Chancey
Proc. ASME. IMECE2016, Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, V003T04A038, November 11–17, 2016
Paper No: IMECE2016-66705
Abstract
Ossification patters, non-destructive and failure responses of cervical artificial discs were determined using an in vivo Caprine model. The animals were anesthetized, discectomies were done at C3–C4, and Bryan disc, ProDisc-C, or anterior discectomy and fusion with plating (ACDF) was done. They were euthanized after monitoring for six months. Non-destructive loads were applied to the excised cervical columns in flexion, extension and lateral bending, combined with compression. The failure test was done under compression-flexion. X-rays and computed tomography scans were used to determine fusion. Force-displacement data for both artificial discs were grouped based on the presence or absence of heterotopic ossifications. They were compared with the ACDF specimens. Heterotopic ossifications occurred in both discs. Patterns of ossification were similar to those reported in civilian patients. Force-displacement responses of ossified spines were stiffer in all modes for both discs. However, differences were non-uniform. Biomechanical corridors are presented for all cases. The present preliminary study should be extended to discern the role of the disc type, loading mode and spinal level in future research.
Proceedings Papers
Brian D. Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, Jamie L. Baisden, Frank A. Pintar, Barry S. Shender, Glenn Paskoff
Proc. ASME. SBC2008, ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B, 989-990, June 25–29, 2008
Paper No: SBC2008-192339
Abstract
Military pilots are subjected to high magnitude inertial loads applied to the head-neck complex during high-G maneuvers. Cervical spinal soft-tissue injuries have occurred in this population [1–3]. Acute injury rates were reported between 54 and 89%, most commonly resulting in muscle or neck pain. Early cervical spine degenerative changes were also identified for fighter pilots [4]. Because the neck muscles are responsible for maintaining head-neck stability, one study hypothesized that cervical injuries in aviators may result from insufficient neck muscle strength to support the head-neck complex during high-G maneuvers [5]. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that pilots participating in pre-injury neck strengthening exercises demonstrated fewer injuries [1]. Although clinical data on the subject are limited, female pilots may be more susceptible to neck injury due to more slender necks and cervical columns that may be less resistant to bending [6, 7]. Differences in neck muscle geometry, in terms of cross-sectional area and positioning, may also lead to differing injury rates. Previous investigations of neck muscle geometry using contemporary medical imaging modalities were conducted with subjects in supine position [8–11], which removes the axial loads of the head and superior cervical structures due to gravity and likely changes neck muscle geometry. To date, no study has outlined gender-dependent neck muscle geometry determined using MRI of subjects in upright, sitting posture. The present hypothesis was that significant gender differences exist in neck muscle geometry.
Proceedings Papers
Brian D. Stemper, David Barnes, Jamie L. Baisden, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Jason Moore, Dennis J. Maiman
Proc. ASME. SBC2009, ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B, 1257-1258, June 17–21, 2009
Paper No: SBC2009-206829
Abstract
Gender differences have been identified in normal and traumatic motions of the spine. In the cervical region, spinal motions in females were significantly greater than in males during identical dynamic acceleration pulses [1]. Static cervical range of motion was also shown to be greater in female volunteers [2]. In the thoracic region, gender differences were identified in compressive and tensile elastic moduli [3]. Although male volunteers had slightly greater lumbar spine mobility, the difference was not statistically significant [4]. Another study reported that female lumbar specimens were somewhat more flexible than male specimens [5]. Lumbar spinal motions are clinically important in the diagnosis of abnormalities and instability. Increased motions occur secondary to instability and may indicate a need for spinal stabilization. However, although previous studies have provided baseline data for lumbar motions [6], possible variations in spinal motions between males and females may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to define lumbar spinal motions on a level-by-level basis to determine statistically significant differences between males and females and at varying levels of degeneration.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. SBC2012, ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B, 1283-1284, June 20–23, 2012
Paper No: SBC2012-80139
Abstract
Quantification of lumbar spine vertebral body tolerance to axial compressive loads is important to understand the biomechanics of injury and for the development of safety enhancements. While fracture tolerance for isolated lumbar vertebral bodies has been outlined in multiple experimental studies, compressive rates were generally in the quasi-static range (e.g., 5 mm/min) [1–4]. However, vertebral body fractures most commonly occur under dynamic mechanisms such as falls from height. In the military environment, lumbar fractures were demonstrated following aviator ejection, helicopter crashes, and underbody blast events involving improvised explosive devices. Vertebral body compression during those events is likely to be orders of magnitude greater than quasi-static rates used previously [5]. Due to the loading rate dependence demonstrated for other tissues, including thoracic vertebrae [6], arteries [7], ligaments [8], and isolated spines [9], tolerance limits obtained from quasi-static testing are not likely applicable for the dynamic loading environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify dynamic fracture biomechanics of lumbar vertebrae.
Proceedings Papers
Brian D. Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, Barry S. Shender, Glenn R. Paskoff, Frank A. Pintar, Jamie L. Baisden
Proc. ASME. SBC2011, ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B, 567-568, June 22–25, 2011
Paper No: SBC2011-53829
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the material properties of the human lumbar intervertebral disc annulus as a function of anatomical region and spinal level. Samples from minimally or nondegenerated spines were extracted from young post mortem human subjects and tested in tension. Statistically significant differences were found based on anatomical region. Trends appear to indicate spinal level dependency, although additional samples are required to attain statistical significance. It is possible to use finite element models incorporating these region- and level-specific properties to quantify internal load-sharing and delineate the mechanism of disorders such as herniation.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. IMECE2011, Volume 2: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering; Nanoengineering for Medicine and Biology, 197-203, November 11–17, 2011
Paper No: IMECE2011-63919
Abstract
Numerous clinical and biomechanical evaluations of cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion as treatment of cervical disc herniation have been performed. Military patients represent a unique patient population as they may be subject to large external forces in theatre. Military patients are more susceptible to degenerative disease of the cervical spine, and if treated with single-level bony fusion, the treated level may be subject to large forces postoperatively. Literature reviews were conducted to determine patient outcomes following cervical disc replacement compared to bony fusion surgery; compare cadaver studies that evaluated the two conditions; and finite element modeling studies. In the civilian population, patients treated with each type of surgery have clinical improvement that is at least equivalent in the 2- and 5-year follow-up periods. Based on the finite element and cadaver biomechanical studies, semiconstrained devices, ProDisc-C and Prestige, are less mobile and a larger load is placed on the core of the device in comparison to the more mobile and unconstrained Bryan disc.
Journal Articles
Brian D. Stemper, Steven G. Storvik, Narayan Yoganandan, Jamie L. Baisden, Ronald J. Fijalkowski, Frank A. Pintar, Barry S. Shender, Glenn R. Paskoff
Journal:
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Article Type: Research Papers
J Biomech Eng. August 2011, 133(8): 081002.
Published Online: August 30, 2011
Abstract
Ejection from military aircraft exerts substantial loads on the lumbar spine. Fractures remain common, although the overall survivability of the event has considerably increased over recent decades. The present study was performed to develop and validate a biomechanically accurate experimental model for the high vertical acceleration loading to the lumbar spine that occurs during the catapult phase of aircraft ejection. The model consisted of a vertical drop tower with two horizontal platforms attached to a monorail using low friction linear bearings. A total of four human cadaveric spine specimens (T12-L5) were tested. Each lumbar column was attached to the lower platform through a load cell. Weights were added to the upper platform to match the thorax, head-neck, and upper extremity mass of a 50th percentile male. Both platforms were raised to the drop height and released in unison. Deceleration characteristics of the lower platform were modulated by foam at the bottom of the drop tower. The upper platform applied compressive inertial loads to the top of the specimen during deceleration. All specimens demonstrated complex bending during ejection simulations, with the pattern dependent upon the anterior-posterior location of load application. The model demonstrated adequate inter-specimen kinematic repeatability on a spinal level-by-level basis under different subfailure loading scenarios. One specimen was then exposed to additional tests of increasing acceleration to induce identifiable injury and validate the model as an injury-producing system. Multiple noncontiguous vertebral fractures were obtained at an acceleration of 21 g with 488 g/s rate of onset. This clinically relevant trauma consisted of burst fracture at L1 and wedge fracture at L4. Compression of the vertebral body approached 60% during the failure test, with -6,106 N axial force and 168 Nm flexion moment. Future applications of this model include developing a better understanding of the vertebral injury mechanism during pilot ejection and developing tolerance limits for injuries sustained under a variety of different vertical acceleration scenarios.
