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Journal Articles
Article Type: Research-Article
J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. March 2015, 7(1): 011009.
Paper No: TSEA-14-1152
Published Online: March 1, 2015
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical model of the molten salt furnace process was developed, by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique and considering the gas flow, the combustion and the radiation heat transfer. The results demonstrate that the performances of the salt furnace could be improved by optimization using the numerical model. The temperatures along the circumference of the furnace coil and outside shell are quite even, and the deviant combustion phenomenon is not observed. A back-flow formed in the upper part of the furnace chamber enhances the circulation and the mixing of the gas and effectively stabilizes the combustion in the furnace. The behaviors of CO, CO2, NOx, and H2O are presented in terms of the gas flow, temperature distribution and volumetric concentration distribution. It is concluded that the furnace with the constant air flow rate of 15,500 Nm3/h and the guiding vane angle at 48–50 deg is optimized for the combustion effectiveness.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. MNHMT2013, ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer, V001T06A004, December 11–14, 2013
Paper No: MNHMT2013-22248
Abstract
Traditional fossil fuel power generation process typically has low efficiency. Large amount of the energy loss in Rankine cycle steam turbines (ST) is due to the temperature difference between the combustion flame temperature ∼2250 K (adiabatic) and the high pressure steam temperature up to 900 K. However, some of this energy can be harvested using solid-state thermoelectric (TE) power generators which are placed into the gap between the flame temperature and the steam temperature that produce additional electrical power. This study investigates the potential placement of TE on water tube wall inside a boiler at a coal fired power plant. Three dimensional (3D) numerical model of a simplified TE module is developed and hot gas temperature and steam temperature from the boiler are used as boundary conditions at the hot side and cold side of the TE. The numerical results are compared with analytical calculations. The 3D effects of the thermal spreading in the TE module are investigated. Parameters such as TE leg cross-section area and TE fill factor are examined in order to maximize the electrical power production of the TE without sacrificing the boiler efficiency (i.e., reducing the steam temperature). The study also looks into the various locations inside the boiler that have good potential for TE installation.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research-Article
J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. June 2014, 6(2): 021014.
Paper No: TSEA-13-1118
Published Online: January 24, 2014
Abstract
The blast furnace process is a counter-current moving bed chemical reactor to reduce iron oxides to iron, which involves complex transport phenomena and chemical reactions. The iron ore and coke are alternatively charged into the blast furnace, forming a layer by layer structural burden which is slowly descending in the counter-current direction of the ascending gas flow. A new methodology was proposed to efficiently simulate the gas and solid burden flow in the counter-current moving bed in blast furnace shaft. The gas dynamics, burden movement, chemical reactions, heat and mass transfer between the gas phase and solid phase are included. The new methodology has been developed to explicitly consider the effects of the layer thickness thermally and chemically in the CFD model.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. HT2013, Volume 4: Heat and Mass Transfer Under Extreme Conditions; Environmental Heat Transfer; Computational Heat Transfer; Visualization of Heat Transfer; Heat Transfer Education and Future Directions in Heat Transfer; Nuclear Energy, V004T14A024, July 14–19, 2013
Paper No: HT2013-17631
Abstract
The blast furnace process is a counter-current moving bed chemical reactor to reduce iron oxides to iron, which involves complex transport phenomena and chemical reactions. The iron ore and coke are alternatively charged into the blast furnace, forming a layer by layer structural burden which is slowly descending in the counter-current direction of the ascending gas flow. A new methodology was proposed to efficiently simulate the gas and solid burden flow in the counter current moving bed in blast furnace shaft. The gas dynamics, burden movement, chemical reactions, heat and mass transfer between the gas phase and solid phase are included. The new methodology has been developed to explicitly consider the effects of the layer thickness thermally and chemically in the CFD model.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. HT2012, Volume 1: Heat Transfer in Energy Systems; Theory and Fundamental Research; Aerospace Heat Transfer; Gas Turbine Heat Transfer; Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing and Manufacturing; Heat and Mass Transfer in Biotechnology; Environmental Heat Transfer; Visualization of Heat Transfer; Education and Future Directions in Heat Transfer, 447-452, July 8–12, 2012
Paper No: HT2012-58593
Abstract
Exhaust manifolds are used in many areas, such as turbocharged diesel engines. The purpose of an exhaust manifold is to direct the hot gases from the combustion chamber to the turbocharger or an acceptable exhaust outlet. The high gas temperatures in the exhaust manifolds lead to very high thermal stresses. This research focuses on the integration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and virtual reality visualization to analyze and visualize thermal stresses of manifolds for better understanding and better decision-making for design, troubleshooting, and optimization of manifolds. CFD is used to obtain the temperature distribution in the exhaust manifold. Using the temperature data FEA is then performed to determine the thermal stresses in the exhaust manifold. Using the results of the FEA analysis a 3-d virtual model is built to visualize the thermal stresses in the exhaust manifold. Methodologies have been developed for such integration and applied to industrial manifolds. Results will be presented in detail in the paper.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. HT2012, Volume 2: Heat Transfer Enhancement for Practical Applications; Fire and Combustion; Multi-Phase Systems; Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment; Low Temperature Heat Transfer; Computational Heat Transfer, 1051-1058, July 8–12, 2012
Paper No: HT2012-58394
Abstract
The formation of the protective layer of solidified metal (skull) is critical to the blast furnace hearth operation. Enhancement of the formation of the skull layer could extend the hearth lining life and blast furnace campaign. In this paper, a CFD model that consists of solidification, flow, heat transfer has been utilized to simulate the skull formation phenomena in a blast furnace hearth. The heat transfer characteristics and temperature distribution of the skull and refractory brick has been investigated. The simulated results are comparable with operating experience of U. S. Steel blast furnaces. Parametric study includes lining property and structure, cooling water temperature and flow rate, hot metal (HM) temperature and the production rate, as well as cast practice.
Proceedings Papers
Numerical Simulation and Virtual Reality Visualization of Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2011, Volume 2: 31st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Parts A and B, 1507-1514, August 28–31, 2011
Paper No: DETC2011-47969
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) is a rising technology that creates a computer-generated immersive environment to provide users a realistic experience, through which people who are not analysis experts become able to see numerical simulation results in a context that they can easily understand. VR supports a safe and productive working environment in which users can perceive worlds, which otherwise could be too complex, too dangerous, or impossible or impractical to explore directly, or even not yet in existence. In recent years, VR has been employed to an increasing number of scientific research areas across different disciplines, such as numerical simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) discussed in present study. Wind flow around wind turbines is a complex problem to simulate and understand. Predicting the interaction between wind and turbine blades is complicated by issues such as rotating motion, mechanical resistance from the breaking system, as well as inter-blade and inter-turbine wake effects. The present research uses CFD numerical simulation to predict the motion and wind flow around two types of turbines: 1) a small scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and 2) a small scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). Results from these simulations have been used to generate virtual reality (VR) visualizations and brought into an immersive environment to attempt to better understand the phenomena involved.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. AJTEC2011, ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference, T20037, March 13–17, 2011
Paper No: AJTEC2011-44608
Abstract
The pulverized coal injection (PCI) is widely utilized in the iron-making blast furnaces for its economic and environmental advantages. However, due its complexity, flow dynamics and chemical kinetics of PCI inside the raceway has not been well understood. Combustions of PCI and coke inside the raceway can be influenced by tuyere operation parameters. In this paper, a comprehensive three dimensional (3-D) multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was utilized to investigate the PCI and coke combustion in the lower part of a blast furnace. Systematic parametric studies were conducted to analyze the effects of the natural gas injection, coal injection, PCI rate, and oxygen enrichment on the combustion performance, which include coal burnt-out rate, coke consumption rate, raceway shape, raceway temperature and etc.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. IHTC14, 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, Volume 4, 761-768, August 8–13, 2010
Paper No: IHTC14-23180
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful simulation technology used in iron/steelmaking industrial applications for process design and optimization to save energy. In this paper, a Virtual Engineering (VE) application is presented that uses Virtual Reality (VR) to visualize CFD results in a tracked immersive projection system. The interactive Virtual Reality (VR) was specifically adapted for CFD post-processing to better understand CFD results and more efficiently communicate with non-CFD experts. The VE application has been utilized to make an assessment in terms of visualization and optimization for steelmaking furnaces. The immersive system makes it possible to gain a quick, intuitive understanding of the flow characteristics and distributions of pressure, temperature, and species properties in the industrial equipment. By introducing the virtual engineering environment, the value of CFD simulations has been greatly enhanced to allow engineers to gain much needed process insights for the design and optimization of industrial processes.
eBook Chapter
Series: ASME Press Select Proceedings
Publisher: ASME Press
Published: 2011
ISBN: 9780791859896
Abstract
The task scheduling strategy has a great impact on system performance in cloud computing environment. In traditional distributed computation such as grid computing, scheduling algorithms for tree network were always based on single-port mode. However, single-port mode is not appropriate for cloud computing environment, because that in cloud environment, the participants of the cluster can do multiple tasks simultaneously. In recent years, some scholars have done a lot of researches of task scheduling in cloud computing environment. However, these researches, in terms of network topologies, were almost based on opaque cloud. When the participants of the cluster were organized into a tree structure, appropriate task scheduling strategy tailored to the situation of multitasking is still lacked. This paper focused on the feature of cloud computing environment, proposed a new framework of task scheduling strategy for tree network. This framework is based on master-slave model, it breaks the limitation of single-port mode. It is fit for the cloud environment, in which the host performance and network capacity are uncertain. This paper provided an available solution of the problem of task scheduling in tree network. It discussed about task scheduling strategy for tree depth of two, tree depth greater than two respectively. In addition, it proposed two algorithms for tree depth greater than two; finally, from three aspects: the rationality of target node selection, network overhead, time consumption of calculate, it compared these two algorithms.
Topics:
Cloud computing
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. September 2009, 1(3): 031010.
Published Online: April 23, 2010
Abstract
Liquid-cooled exhaust manifolds are widely used in turbocharged diesel engines. The large temperature gradient in the overall manifold can cause remarkable thermal stress. The objective of the project is to optimize the operation condition and modify the current design in order to prevent high thermal stress and to extend the lifespan of the manifold. To achieve the objective, the combination between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with finite element (FE) is introduced. First, CFD analysis is conducted to obtain temperature distribution, providing conditions of the thermomechanical loading on the FE mesh. Next, FE analysis is carried out to determine the thermal stress. The interpolation of the temperature data from CFD to FE is done by binary space partitioning tree algorithm. To accurately quantify the thermal stress, nonlinear material behavior is considered. Based on stresses and strains, the fatigue life can be estimated. The CFD results are compared with that of the number of transfer units’ method and are further verified with industrial experiment data. All these comparisons indicate that the present investigation reasonably predicts the thermal stress behavior. Based on the results, recommendations are given to optimize the manifold design and operation.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. HT2009, Volume 2: Theory and Fundamental Research; Aerospace Heat Transfer; Gas Turbine Heat Transfer; Computational Heat Transfer, 797-805, July 19–23, 2009
Paper No: HT2009-88254
Abstract
Gas and burden distributions inside a blast furnace play an important role in optimizing gas utilization versus the furnace productivity and minimizing the CO2 emission in steel industries. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to describe the burden descent in the blast furnace shaft and gas distribution, with the alternative structure of coke and ore layers being considered. Multi-dimensional Ergun’s equation is solved with considering the turbulent compressible gas flow through the burden column. The porosity of each material will be treated as a function of three dimensional functions which will be determined by the kinetics sub-models accordingly. A detailed investigation of gas flow through the blast furnace will be conducted with the given initial burden profiles along with the effects of redistribution during burden descending. Also, parametric studies will be carried out to analyze the gas distribution cross the blast furnace under different cohesive zone (CZ) shapes, charging rate, and furnace top pressure. A good agreement was obtained between the CFD simulation and published experimental data. Based on the results, the inverse V shape is proved to be the most desirable CZ profile.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. HT2009, Volume 3: Combustion, Fire and Reacting Flow; Heat Transfer in Multiphase Systems; Heat Transfer in Transport Phenomena in Manufacturing and Materials Processing; Heat and Mass Transfer in Biotechnology; Low Temperature Heat Transfer; Environmental Heat Transfer; Heat Transfer Education; Visualization of Heat Transfer, 81-87, July 19–23, 2009
Paper No: HT2009-88253
Abstract
This work used a pseudo three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) to study the way gas supply patterns affect the thermodynamics characteristics in fluidized beds. During the simulations, gas-to-particle and particle-to-particle heat transfers were considered. Results indicate that there is a lateral temperature gradient of particles in fluidized bed using horizontal air distributor incorporated with even gas supply; nevertheless, in the case of inclined air distributor together with uneven gas supply, it takes a short time for particle phase to achieve a homogenous temperature field. Hydrodynamics analysis and comparison of solid fluxes between the two cases reveal that the bubbles’ lateral movement are reduced due to even gas supply, and the particle-to-gas heat transfer is localized; however, there is an global circulating solids stream in the bed with uneven gas supply, which is thought to expand the particles’ movement range and enhance the thermal transport performance of the fluidizing system.
Proceedings Papers
Proc. ASME. IMECE2008, Volume 10: Heat Transfer, Fluid Flows, and Thermal Systems, Parts A, B, and C, 725-733, October 31–November 6, 2008
Paper No: IMECE2008-68892
Abstract
Liquid-cooled exhaust manifolds are widely used in turbocharged diesel engines. The large temperature gradient in the overall manifold will cause remarkable thermal stress. The objective of the project is to modify the current design for preventing the high thermal stress and extending the life span of the manifold. To achieve the objective, the combination between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Finite Element (FE) is introduced. Firstly, CFD analysis is conducted to obtain temperature distribution, providing boundary conditions of the thermal load on the FE mesh. Afterward, FE analysis is carried out to determine the thermal stress. The interpolation of the temperature data from CFD to FE is done by Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree algorithm. To accurately quantify the thermal stress, nonlinear material behavior is considered. The computational results are compared with that of Number of Transfer Units (NTU) method, and are further verified with industrial experiment data. All these comparisons indicate that present investigation reasonably predicts the thermal stress behavior. Based on the results, recommendations are given to optimize the manifold design.
eBook Chapter
Series: ASME Press Select Proceedings
Publisher: ASME Press
Published: 2009
ISBN: 9780791802908
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful simulation technology used in many industrial applications for process design and optimization to save energy, improve environment, and reduce costs. In order to better understand CFD results and more easily communicate with non-CFD experts, advanced virtual reality (VR) visualization is desired for CFD post-processing. Efforts have recently been made at Purdue University Calumet to integrate VR with CFD to visualize complex data in three dimensions in an interactive, virtual environment. Historically, design engineers relied on CFD experts to interpret simulation results. With a virtual engineering system, design engineers will be able to assess the performance of their designs using CFD simulation results from a first person perspective. It will also allow plant engineers, operators, and other personnel to bring their experiences directly into the optimization process. The virtual engineering environment will greatly enhances the value of CFD simulations and allows engineers to gain much needed process insights in order to make sound engineering decisions. Integrating CFD with VR will provide a fantastic technology for the design and optimization of industrial processes because it allows for 1) overview of all the data and close examination of specific data points; 2) sharing insights about complex phenomena among nonexperts; 3) empowering people to work collaboratively and intuitively; 4) reducing design time for better solutions; 5) enabling engineers to design, analyze, revise their designs and watch as those changes take effect in the virtual model—all in real time; 6) training students, engineers and operators; Examples of a number of industrial applications will be presented.