One-dimensional analytical models and finite element calculations are employed to predict the response of a rigid plate, supported by a linear spring, to loading by a planar pressure shock wave traveling in water or in a similar inviscid liquid. Two problems are considered: (i) a spring-supported rigid plate in contact with fluid on one side and (ii) a spring-supported rigid plate in contact with fluid on both sides; for both problems, plates are loaded by an exponentially decaying shock wave from one side. Cavitation phenomena in the liquid, as well as the effect of the initial static fluid pressure, are explicitly included in the analytical models and their predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with those from FE calculations. The validated analytical models are used to determine the sensitivity of the plate’s response to mass, spring stiffness and initial static pressure.

The compaction behavior of steel powders, hard metals, and ceramic powders have been investigated using a newly developed high pressure triaxial testing facility. Results from isostatic compaction, simulated closed die compaction, and compaction along different radial loading paths in stress space are presented for six commercial powders. The experimental data are compared and considerations regarding the constitutive modeling of the compaction response of the different classes of materials are presented.

A series of stress change experiments on a batch of tough pitch copper are presented which were devised to evaluate the variation of Young’s modulus with creep damage. Kachanov’s model is used to describe the creep response and a model orginally proposed by Chaboche (1979) is found to adequately represent the elastic response of the material. A simple two-bar structure is analyzed to assess the effect of including the variation of elastic properties with creep damage in structural analysis. In most practical situations the added complexity involved in incorporating this effect does not strongly affect the structural response.

This paper considers the problem of a body composed of an elastic/perfectly plastic solid that is subjected to constant applied load P and a time-varying cyclic temperature distribution, characterized by a maximum thermoelastic stress σ t . For sufficiently large P and σ t , in excess of the shakedown limit, the body will begin to suffer incremental growth. A linearized theory is used to obtain a relationship between the increase in displacement Δu per cycle and the increase in ΔP and Δσ t , above the shakedown limit. From the result, a simple lower bound is derived for Bree-type problems, which for kinematically determinate structures shows that for moderate thermal loading the displacement increment per cycle is four times the elastic displacement of the body if it were subjected only to the increase ΔP. From a practical point of view the analysis indicates that ratchet rates are always high, in the sense that only a small increase of load above shakedown will produce substantial ratcheting within relatively few cycles.

A linearized method of analysis proposed in an accompanying paper [1] is used to obtain the ratchet rate for two types of thermal loading problems where parts of the structure experience reversed plastic straining. For structures that can shakedown plasticially it is found that for a given increment of load beyond the plastic shakedown boundary, the rate of ratchet increases with increasing level of thermal loading. When a structure is unable to shakedown plastically it ratchets at low mechanical loading as the result of a localized mechanism that involves some reversed plasticity. It is shown that the ratchet rate in such situations can be substantial but its value is very dependent on the local curvature of the yield and not the accuracy of the yield surface itself.

The relationship between the reference stress concept and the nesting surfaces of Calladine and Drucker is examined and the implications for nonisothermal creep are discussed. A method for evaluating a reference stress and temperature is described, which it is argued is more rigorous than methods previously proposed.