Abstract

Any national defense is dependent on the efficacy of the available physical infrastructure. Whatever degrades infrastructure, structurally, physically, architecturally, or esthetically, is of interest to the nation. Climate change is now a major significant factor of interest impinging on national critical infrastructure. The devastating effects of climate change have increasing pervasiveness throughout the world. The impact on critical infrastructure is of particular interest to researchers. In consonance with ASCE-ASME's special issue on critical infrastructure protection and resilience, this paper presents a systems-modeling approach for critical infrastructure and predictions in relation to climate change agreements in COP26. The paper addresses high-level critical systems-based assessment of the social, legal, economic, and technical nuances impinging on the viability of COP26 agreements. The paper was written using a multinational collaboration approach. The specific focus of national defense is used as the backdrop for the methodology of the paper.

Issue Section:
Research Papers
Topics:
Climate change, Design, Economics , Modeling, National defense, Resilience, Digital twin, Climate

References

1.
Badiru
,
A. B.
, and
Agustiady
,
T.
,
2021
,
Sustainability: A Systems Engineering Approach to the Global Grand Challenge
,
Taylor & Francis CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
.
2.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2019
,
Systems Engineering Models: Theory, Methods, and Applications
,
Taylor & Francis/CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
.
3.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2014
,
Handbook of Industrial & Systems Engineering
, 2nd ed.,
Taylor & Francis CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
.
4.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2023
,
Systems Engineering Using DEJI Systems Model: Design, Evaluation, Justification, and Integration With Case Studies and Applications
,
Taylor & Francis CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
.
5.
Esogbue
,
A.
,
2022
, Private Communication, May 12, 2022.
6.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
1978
, “
Solectricity: Direct Electricity From Solar Energy
,” National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Report,
Tennessee Technological University
, Report No. 101.
7.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
1981
, “
Stochastic Modeling of Energy Consumption at Tennessee Technological University
,” Cookeville, TN.
8.
NRC,
1995
,
Measuring and Improving Infrastructure Performance
,
National Academy Press
,
Washington, DC
.
9.
EOP
2022
, “
EOP Scaling for Impact Workshop
,” accessed May 6, https://venturewell.org/eop-workshop/
10.
Department of Defense,
2021
, “Department of Defense Climate Adaptation Plan,”
The Pentagon
,
Washington, DC
.
11.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2013
, “
NAE's 14 Grand Challenges and 2020 Skills for Engineers
,”
Panel Discussion Keynote, World Congress on Engineering Education (WCEE2013)
,
Doha, Qatar
, Jan. 7–9, Paper No. T005.
12.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2010
, “
The Many Languages of Sustainability
,”
Ind. Engineer
,
45
(
3
), pp.
31
–
34
.
13.
USAF Museum,
2022
, “
Global Reach Gallery Introduction
,” accessed May 27, 2022, https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/617087/global-reach-gallery-introduction/
14.
Bowles
,
S.
,
2016
,
The Moral Economy: Why Good Incentives Are No Substitute For Good Citizens
,
Yale University Press
,
New Haven, CT
.
15.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2021
, “
World Systems View of the Environment: The Essential Education Role of the United States Military
,”
AFIT Engineer
,
3
(
3
), pp.
1
–
4
.
16.
Williams
,
A. P.
,
Cook
,
B. I.
, and
Smerdon
,
J. E.
,
2022
, “
Rapid Intensification of the Emerging Southwestern North American Megadrought in 2020–2021
,”
Nat. Clim. Change
,
12
(
3
), pp.
232
–
234
.10.1038/s41558-022-01290-z
17.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2015
, “
A Systems Model for Global Engineering Education: The 15 Grand Challenges
,”
Eng. Educ. Lett.
,
1
(
1
), p.
3
.
18.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2014
, “
Fourteen Grand Challenges and Skills for Engineers in 2020
,”
QScience Proceedings
,
World Congress on Engineering Education
, Doha, Qatar.
19.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2019
, “
Our Greatest Grand Challenge: To Address Society's Urgent Problems, Engineers Need to Step Up to the Political Plate
,”
ASEE Prism
,
28
(
5
), p.
56
.
20.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2019
, “
NAE's 14 Grand Challenges and Soft Skills for Engineers
,”
Panel Presentation, IEOM 2019
, 5–7 Mar.,
Bangkok, Thailand
.
22.
Al-Quradaghi
,
S.
,
Zheng
,
Q. P.
, and
Eklamel
,
A.
,
2020
, “
Generalized Framework for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks: Case Study of End-of-Life Vehicles
,”
Sustainability
,
2020
(
12
), p.
6612
.10.3390/su12166612
23.
IPCC,
2021
, “
Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis; Headline Statements From the Summary for Policymakers
,” accessed Aug. 9, 2021, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
24.
Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA),
2022
, “
Infrastructure Security: Critical Infrastructure Sectors
,” accessed April 14, 2022, https://www.cisa.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors
25.
IPCC,
2022
, “
Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC: Climate Change 2022, Impacts, Adaption and Vulnerability; Headline Statements From the Summary for Policymakers
,” accessed Feb 28, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
26.
UNCTAD,
2021
“
Trade and Environment Review 2021: Trade-Climate Readiness for Developing Countries
,”
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
,
New York
.
27.
Jessop
,
S.
,
Spring
,
J.
, and
Kerber
,
R.
,
2021
, “
Analysis: COP26 Message to Business - Clean Up to Cash in
,” Reuters, accessed Nov. 14, https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/cop26-message-business-clean-up-cash-2021-11-14/
28.
Grieves
,
M.
, and
Vickers
,
J.
,
2017
, “
Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems
,”
Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems
,
Springer
,
Cham
,
Switzerland
, pp.
85
–
113
.
29.
West
,
T. D.
, and
Blackburn
,
M.
,
2017
, “
Is Digital Thread/Digital Twin Affordable? A Systemic Assessment of the Cost of DoD's Latest Manhattan Project
,”
Procedia Comput. Sci.
,
114
, pp.
47
–
56
.10.1016/j.procs.2017.09.003
30.
United Nations/United Kingdom Government,
2021
, “
UN Climate Change Conference UK 2021, COP26 – The Glasgow Climate Pact
,” accessed April 19, 2022, https://ukcop26.org
31.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate,
2021
, “
Glasgow Climate Change Conference: October-November 2021
,” accessed April 19, 2022, https://unfccc.int/conference/glasgow-climate-change-conference-october-november-2021
32.
United Nations,
2022
, “
Climate Action – COP26: Together for Our Planet
,” accessed Apr. 25, 2022, https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop26
33.
Badiru
,
A. B.
,
2012
, “
Application of the DEJI Model for Aerospace Product Integration
,”
J. Aviation Aerosp. Perspectives (JAAP)
,
2
(
2
), pp.
20
–
34
.
34.
Rinaldi
,
S. M.
,
Peerenboom
,
J. P.
, and
Kelly
,
T. K.
,
2001
, “
Identifying, Understanding, and Analyzing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies
,”
IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
,
21
(
6
), pp.
11
–
25
.10.1109/37.969131
35.
Ouyang
,
M.
,
2014
, “
Review on Modeling and Simulation of Interdependent Critical Infrastructure Systems
,”
Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.
,
121
, pp.
43
–
60
.10.1016/j.ress.2013.06.040
36.
US EIA,
2021
, “
Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory
,” accessed May 5, 2022 https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860M/
37.
National Infrastructure Advisory Council
,
2009
,
Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Final Report and Recommendations
,
National Infrastructure Advisory Council (US)
.
38.
US EIA,
2020
, “
More Than 100 Coal-Fired Plants Have Been Replaced or Converted to Natural Gas Since 2011
,” Today in Energy, accessed, Apr. 25, 2022, https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=44636
39.
US EIA,
2020
, “
U.S. Coal-Fired Electricity Generation in 2019 Falls to 42-Year Low
,” Today in Energy, accessed Apr. 25, 2022, https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=43675
40.
Gearino
,
D.
,
2020
, “
Inside Clean Energy: The Era of Fossil Fuel Power Plants is Rapidly Receding
,” Here is Their Life Expectancy,” Inside Climate News, accessed May 5, 2022 https://insideclimatenews.org/news/10122020/inside-clean-energy-fossil-fuel-power-plants/#:∼:text=A%20new%20paper%20in%20the,early%20under%20the%20Biden%20policy
41.
Omitaomu
,
O. A.
,
Belles
,
R.
,
Roberts
,
N.
, and
Worrall
,
A.
,
2022
, “
Methods and System for Siting Advanced Nuclear Reactors and Evaluating Energy Policy Concerns
,”
Prog. Nucl. Energy
,
148
, p.
104197
.10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104197
42.
Belles
,
R. J.
,
Mays
,
G. T.
,
Omitaomu
,
O. A.
, and
Poore
,
W. P.
,
2012
, “
Updated Application of Spatial Data Modeling and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for Identification of Potential Siting Options for Small Modular Reactors
,”
Ornl
,
Oak Ridge, TN
, Report No. ORNL/TM-2012/403.
43.
Omitaomu
,
O. A.
,
Blevins
,
B. R.
,
Jochem
,
W. C.
,
Mays
,
G. T.
,
Belles
,
R.
,
Hadley
,
S. W.
,
Harrison
,
T. J.
,
et al
.,
2012
, “
Adapting a GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach for Evaluating New Power Generating Sites
,”
Appl. Energy
,
96
, pp.
292
–
301
.10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.087
44.
Belles
,
R.
,
Copinger
,
D. A.
,
Mays
,
G. T.
,
Omitaomu
,
O. A.
, and
Poore
,
W. P.
, III ,
2013
, “
Evaluation of Suitability of Selected Set of Coal Plant Sites for Repowering With Small Modular Reactors
,”
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL)
,
Oak Ridge, TN
, Report
No. ORNL/TM-2013/109.
45.
Rodwell
,
E.
,
2002
,
Siting Guide: Site Selection and Evaluation Criteria for an Early Site Permit Application
,
Electric Power Research Institute
, Report No. 1006878.
46.
NRC
,
2014
, NRC General Site Suitability Criteria for Nuclear Power Stations, RG 4.7, Revision 3.
47.
Kassem
,
M. M.
,
Nazri
,
F. M.
,
Farsangi
,
E. N.
, and
Ozturk
,
B.
,
2022
, “
Improved Vulnerability Index Methodology to Quantify Seismic Risk and Loss Assessment in Reinforced Concrete Buildings
,”
J. Earthquake Eng.
,
26
(
12
), pp.
6172
–
6207
.10.1080/13632469.2021.1911888
48.
Basu
,
B.
,
Bursi
,
O. S.
,
Casciati
,
F.
,
Casciati
,
S.
,
Del Grosso
,
A. E.
,
Domaneschi
,
M.
,
Faravelli
,
L.
,
et al
.,
2014
, “
A European Association for the Control of Structures Joint Perspective. Recent Studies in Civil Structural Control Across Europe
,”
Struct. Control Health Monit.
,
21
(
12
), pp.
1414
–
1436
.10.1002/stc.1652
49.
Ozturk
,
B.
,
2011
, “
Application of Preliminary Microzonation and Seismic Vulnerability Assessment in a City of Medium Seismic Risk in Turkey
,”
Fifth International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering
,
Santiago, Chile
, pp.
1
–
11
.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282186104_Application_of_Preliminary_Microzonation_and_Seismic_Vulnerability_Assessment_in_a_City_of_Medium_Seismic_Risk_in_Turkey
50.
NRC
,
2020
, “
Population Related Siting Considerations for Advanced Reactors, SECY 20-0045
,” May 8, 2020,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
,
Washington, DC
.
Copyright © 2024 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.