Abstract
Acoustic pressure pulsations can be problematic in industrial pipelines, especially when the excitation frequency matches an acoustic resonance frequency of the pipeline. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of Helmholtz resonators (HRs) in multiple arrangements on the attenuation of acoustic pressure pulsations in piping systems. In a resonant pipeline (i.e., an acoustic standing wave scenario), maximal attenuation is achieved when the HR is inserted at the acoustic pressure antinode. The insertion loss (IL) in an off-resonant system is found to be relatively consistent, unless there is a coupling between the HR and the downstream end termination in which case there is a decrease in attenuation. Multiple, small-volume HRs in various configurations can achieve the same level of damping as that of a single HR with the same total volume. Moreover, it is shown that the use of multiple HRs placed at strategic spacing intervals along the length of a pipeline can yield significant acoustic damping, without the need for characterizing the acoustic waves in the pipeline system. An axial spacing of a quarter wavelength of the frequency of interest between multiple HRs is shown to increase the peak attenuation, which is indicative of a favorable coupling between HRs. The effect of flow velocity and its directionality with respect to the sound source is also investigated. The results presented in this paper provide practical techniques that can be used for the implementation of HR in pipeline systems.
