Fig. 1 Mesh with the boundary conditions More about this image found in Mesh with the boundary conditions

Fig. 2 ( a ) Validation of numerical model by comparing data with experimental findings of Umeyama [ 15 ] (—: numerical data from the current model; ●: experimental data). ( b ) Validation of numerical model by comparing data with experimental findings of Kemp and Simons [ 12 ] (—: numerical data ... More about this image found in ( a ) Validation of numerical model by comparing data with experimental fin...

Fig. 3 ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s in the inner coordinates. ( b ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for background channel flow of 0.18 m/s in the inner coordinates. Log law is given by u ¯ / u * =... More about this image found in ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for background cha...

Fig. 4 ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for only wave cases. ( b ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s. ( c ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for background channel flow of 0.18 m/s. More about this image found in ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged mean horizontal velocity for only wave case...

Fig. 5 ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged mean vertical velocity for only wave cases. ( b ) Normalized phase-averaged mean vertical velocity for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s. ( c ) Normalized phase-averaged mean vertical velocity for background channel flow of 0.18 m/s. More about this image found in ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged mean vertical velocity for only wave cases....

Fig. 6 ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged turbulence kinetic energy for only wave cases. ( b ) Normalized phase-averaged turbulence kinetic energy for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s. ( c ) Normalized phase-averaged for turbulence kinetic energy background channel flow of 0.18 m/s. More about this image found in ( a ) Normalized phase-averaged turbulence kinetic energy for only wave cas...

Fig. 7 ( a ) Phase-averaged turbulence dissipation rate for only wave cases. ( b ) Phase-averaged turbulence dissipation rate for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s. ( c ) Phase-averaged turbulence dissipation rate for background channel flow of 0.18 m/s. More about this image found in ( a ) Phase-averaged turbulence dissipation rate for only wave cases. ( b )...

Fig. 8 ( a ) Phase-averaged integral turbulence length scale for only wave cases. ( b ) Phase-averaged integral turbulence length scale for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s. ( c ) Phase-averaged integral turbulence length scale for background channel flow of 0.18 m/s. More about this image found in ( a ) Phase-averaged integral turbulence length scale for only wave cases. ...

Fig. 9 ( a ) Phase-averaged vorticity for only wave cases. ( b ) Phase-averaged vorticity for background channel flow of 0.06 m/s. ( c ) Phase-averaged vorticity for background channel flow of 0.18 m/s. More about this image found in ( a ) Phase-averaged vorticity for only wave cases. ( b ) Phase-averaged vo...

Fig. 1 Welded plate geometric dimensions in millimeters More about this image found in Welded plate geometric dimensions in millimeters

Fig. 2 Numerical model for ( a ) the edge crack, ( b ) the central crack, and ( c ) the refined mesh in the crack propagation region More about this image found in Numerical model for ( a ) the edge crack, ( b ) the central crack, and ( c ...

Fig. 3 WRS distribution ( a ) in the welded plate and ( b ) comparison with experimental results More about this image found in WRS distribution ( a ) in the welded plate and ( b ) comparison with experi...

Fig. 4 Comparison of the predicted results with ( a ) the experiment results and ( b ) the literature results More about this image found in Comparison of the predicted results with ( a ) the experiment results and (...