Verification of a Free-Surface Pressure Term Extension to Represent Ships in a Nonhydrostatic Shallow-Water-Equations Solver

In recent years, increasing ship sizes and associated increasing wave loads have led to a demand for prediction tools quantifying the ship-induced loads on waterways. Depth-averaged numerical models, using a free-surface pressure term, are a prominent method to obtain the relevant design parameters. These models incorporate the wave deformation processes due to attributes of complex bathymetries, while allowing for an efficient simulation of large computational domains. The nonhydrostatic shallow-water-equations (SWE) model REEF3D::SFLOW uses a quadratic pressure approximation and high-order discretization schemes. This paper presents the implementation of a pressure term to account for the displacement of the free surface by solid moving objects. Two test cases verifying the implementation are shown based upon the analytical one-dimensional solution of the wave propagation due to surface pressure and the estimation of Havelock angles. These verification tests are the first step toward a holistic model, combining a large scale model with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations near waterway banks.