The local buckling response and post-buckling mechanical performance of high strength linepipe subject to combined loading state was evaluated using the finite element (FE) simulator abaqus/standard v6.12. The constitutive model parameters were established through laboratory tests and the numerical modeling procedures were verified with large-scale experiments investigating the local buckling response of high strength linepipe. The numerical predictions demonstrated a high level of consistency and correspondence with the measured experimental behavior with respect to the peak moment, strain capacity, deformation mechanism, and local buckling response well into the postyield range. A parametric study on the local buckling response of high strength plain and girth weld pipelines was conducted. The loading conditions included internal pressure and end rotation. The pipe mechanical response parameters examined included moment–curvature, ovalization, local strain, and modal response. The magnitude and distribution of the characteristic geometric imperfections and the end constraint, associated with the boundary conditions and pipe length, had a significant influence on the predicted local buckling response. The importance of material parameters on the local buckling response, including the yield strength (YS), yield strength to tensile strength ratio (Y/T), and anisotropy, was also established through the numerical parameter study. For girth weld linepipe, the study demonstrated the importance of the local high/low misalignment, associated with the circumferential girth weld, on the local buckling response.
Issue Section:
Piper and Riser Technology
References
References
1.
Bruschi
, R.
, 2004
, “Natural Gas High Pressure Transportation Over Long Distance and Harsh Environments: Which Minimum Wall Requirements for High Grade Steels?
” Pipeline Technology Conference
, Ostend, Belgium, May 9–13.2.
Glover
, A.
, Zhou
, J.
, and Blair
, B.
, 2002
, “Technology Approaches for Northern Pipeline Developments
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2002-27293.3.
Glover
, A.
, Horsley
, D.
, Dorling
, D.
, and Takahara
, J.
, 2004
, “Construction and Installation of X100 Pipelines
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2004-0328.4.
Barsanti
, L.
, Hillenbrand
, H. G.
, Mannucci
, G.
, Demonfonti
, G.
, and Harris
, D.
, 2002
, “Possible Use of New Materials for High Pressure Linepipe Construction: An Opening on X100 Grade Steel
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2002-27089.5.
Hashimoto
, T.
, Komilo
, Y.
, Tsukamoto
, M.
, Shirakawa
, Y.
, Yamashita
, A.
, and Ogawa
, T.
, 1988
, “Recent Development of Large Diameter Line Pipe of Grade X80 and X100
,” 7th Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, Houston, TX, pp. 179
–185
.6.
Hillenbrand
, H. G.
, and Kalwa
, C.
, 2002
, “High Strength Line Pipe for Project Cost Reduction
,” World Pipelines
, 2
(1
).7.
Axelrad
, E. L.
, 1980
, “Flexible Shells
,” 15th International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 45
–56
.8.
Brazier
, L. G.
, 1927
, “On the Flexure of Thin Cylindrical Shells and Other ‘Thin’ Sections
,” Proc. R. Soc. London A
, 116
(773
), pp. 104
–114
.9.
Fabian
, O.
, 1977
, “Collapse of Cylindrical, Elastic Tubes Under Combined Bending, Pressure and Axial Loads
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 13
(12
), pp. 1257
–1270
.10.
Fabian
, O.
, 1981
, “Elastic-Plastic Collapse of Long Tubes Under Combined Bending and Pressure Load
,” Ocean Eng.
, 8
(3
), pp. 295
–330
.11.
Gellin
, S.
, 1980
, “The Plastic Buckling of Long Cylindrical Shells Under Pure Bending
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 16
(5
), pp. 397
–407
.12.
Kyriakides
, S.
, and Corona
, E.
, 2007
, Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines: Buckling and Collapse
, Vol. I
, Elsevier
, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
, pp. 196
–224
.13.
Peek
, R.
, 2000
, “An Incrementally Continuous Deformation Theory of Plasticity With Unloading
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 37
(36
), pp. 5008
–5032
.14.
Peek
, R.
, 2000
, “Axisymmetric Wrinkling of Cylinders With Finite Strain
,” J. Eng. Mech.
, 126
(5
), pp. 455
–461
.15.
Bouwkamp
, J. G.
, and Stephen
, R. M.
, 1974
, “Full-Scale Studies on the Structural Behavior of Large Diameter Pipes Under Combined Loading
,” Structural Engineering Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, Report No. UC-SESM 74-1.16.
Dorey
, A. B.
, Murray
, D. W.
, and Cheng
, J. J. R.
, 2006
, “Critical Buckling Strain Equations for Energy Pipelines—A Parametric Study
,” ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng.
, 128
(3
), pp. 248
–255
.17.
Reddy
, B. D.
, 1979
, “An Experimental Study of Plastic Buckling of Circular Cylinders in Pure Bending
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 15
(9
), pp. 669
–683
.18.
Sherman
, D. R.
, 1976
, “Tests of Circular Steel Tubes in Bending
,” ASCE J. Struct. Div.
, 102
(ST11
), pp. 2181
–2195
.19.
Zimmerman
, T.
, Timms
, C.
, Xie
, J.
, and Asante
, J.
, 2004
, “Buckling Resistance of Large Diameter Spiral Welded Linepipe
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2004-0364.20.
Al-Showaiter
, A.
, Taheri
, F.
, and Kenny
, S.
, 2008
, “Influence of Pipeline Misalignment on the Local Buckling Response
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2008-64004.21.
Bruschi
, R.
, Monti
, P.
, Bolzoni
, G.
, and Tagliaferri
, R.
, 1995
, “Finite Element Method as Numerical Laboratory for Analysing Pipeline Response Under Internal Pressure Axial Load and Bending Moment
,” 14th Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, OMAE, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 389
–401
.22.
Dorey
, A. B.
, 2001
, “Critical Buckling Strains in Energy Pipelines
,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.23.
Fatemi
, A.
, Kenny
, S.
, and Taheri
, F.
, 2007
, “Continuum Finite Element Methods to Establish Compressive Strain Limits for Offshore Pipelines in Ice Gouge Environments
,” ASME
Paper No. OMAE2007-29152.24.
Fatemi
, A.
, Kenny
, S.
, Sen
, M.
, Zhou
, J.
, Taheri
, F.
, and Paulin
, M.
, 2008
, “Investigations on the Local Buckling Response of High Strength Linepipe
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2008-64407.25.
Vitali
, L.
, Bruschi
, R.
, Mork
, K. J.
, Levold
, E.
, and Verley
, R.
, 1999
, “Hotpipe Project: Capacity of Pipes Subject to Internal Pressure, Axial Force and Bending Moment
,” International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers
, Brest, France, Vol. II
, pp. 22
–33
.26.
Suzuki
, N.
, Muraoka
, R.
, Glover
, A.
, Zhou
, J.
, and Toyoda
, M.
, 2003
, “Local Buckling Behaviour of X100 Linepipes
,” 22nd Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 67
–76
.27.
Suzuki
, N.
, Kondo
, J.
, Endo
, S.
, Ishikawa
, N.
, Okatsu
, M.
, and Shimamura
, J.
, 2006
, “Effects of Geometric Imperfection on Bending Capacity of X80 Linepipe
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2006-10070.28.
Suzuki
, N.
, and Igi
, S.
, 2007
, “Compressive Strain Limits of X80 High-Strain Line Pipes
,” International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers
, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 3246
–3253
.29.
Ades
, C. S.
, 1957
, “Bending Strength of Tubing in the Plastic Range
,” J. Aeronaut. Sci.
, 24
(8
), pp. 605
–610
.30.
Bushnell
, D.
, 1981
, “Elastic-Plastic Bending and Buckling of Pipes and Elbows
,” J. Comput. Struct.
, 13
(1–3
), pp. 241
–248
.31.
Corona
, E.
, and Kyriakides
, S.
, 1988
, “On the Collapse of Inelastic Tubes Under Combined Bending and Pressure
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 24
(5
), pp. 505
–535
.32.
Ju
, G. T.
, and Kyriakides
, S.
, 1991
, “Bifurcation Buckling Versus Limit Load Instabilities of Elastic-Plastic Tubes Under Bending and External Pressure
,” ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng.
, 113
(1
), pp. 43
–52
.33.
Ju
, G. T.
, and Kyriakides
, S.
, 1992
, “Bifurcation and Localization Instabilities in Cylindrical Shells Under Bending—II: Predictions
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 29
(9
), pp. 1143
–1171
.34.
Jirsa
, J. O.
, Lee
, F. K.
, Wilhoit
, J. C.
, and Merwin
, J. E.
, 1972
, “Ovaling of Pipelines Under Pure Bending
,” 4th Offshore Technology Conference
, Houston, TX, pp. 573
–578
.35.
Kyriakides
, S.
, and Ju
, G. T.
, 1992
, “Bifurcation and Localization Instabilities in Cylindrical Shells Under Bending—I: Experiments
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 29
(9
), pp. 1117
–1142
.36.
Shaw
, P. K.
, and Kyriakides
, S.
, 1985
, “Inelastic Analysis of Thin-Walled Tubes Under Cyclic Bending
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 21
(11
), pp. 1073
–1100
.37.
Abrahamson
, G. R.
, and Goodier
, J. N.
, 1966
, “Dynamic Flexural Buckling of Rods Within an Axial Plastic Compression Wave
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., Ser. E
, 33
(2
), pp. 241
–247
.38.
Lindberg
, H. E.
, and Florence
, A. L.
, 1987
, Dynamic Pulse Buckling Theory and Experiment
, H. H. E.
Leipholz
and G. E.
Oravas
, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
, pp. 1
–104
.39.
Kenny
, S.
, Pegg
, N.
, and Taheri
, F.
, 2000
, “Dynamic Elastic Buckling of a Slender Beam With Geometric Imperfections Subject to an Axial Impulse
,” J. Finite Elem. Anal. Des.
, 35
(3
), pp. 227
–246
.40.
Kenny
, S.
, 2001
, “Dynamic Pulse Buckling of Slender Beams With Geometric Imperfections Subjected to an Axial Impact
,” Ph.D. thesis, DalTech, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.41.
Murphey
, E.
, and Langner
, C. G.
, 1985
, “Ultimate Pipe Strength Under Bending, Collapse, and Fatigue
,” 4th Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, Dallas, TX, Vol. I
, pp. 467
–473
.42.
Dorey
, A. B.
, Murray
, D. W.
, and Cheng
, J. J. R.
, 2002
, “Material Property Effects on Critical Buckling Strains in Energy Pipelines
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2002-27225.43.
Fatemi
, A.
, Kenny
, S.
, Cheraghi
, N.
, and Taheri
, F.
, 2006
, “A Parametric Study on the Local Buckling Response of Pipelines Under Combined Loading Conditions
,” J. Pipeline Integr.
, 5
(4
), pp. 197
–212
.44.
Kyriakides
, S.
, and Shaw
, P. K.
, 1982
, “Response and Stability of Elastoplastic Circular Pipes Under Combined Bending and External Pressure
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 18
(11
), pp. 957
–973
.45.
Donnell
, L. H.
, 1934
, “A New Theory for the Buckling of Thin Cylinders Under Axial Compression and Bending
,” Trans. ASME
, 56
(11
), pp. 795
–806
.46.
Reddy
, B. D.
, and Calladine
, C. R.
, 1978
, “Classical Buckling of a Thin-Walled Tube Subjected to Bending Moment and Internal Pressure
,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
, 20
(9
), pp. 641
–650
.47.
Seide
, P.
, and Weingarten
, V. I.
, 1961
, “On the Buckling of Circular Cylindrical Shells Under Pure Bending
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 28
(1
), pp. 112
–116
.48.
Stephens
, W. D.
, Starnes
, J. H.
, and Almonth
, B. O.
, 1975
, “Collapse of Long Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Bending and Pressure Loads
,” AIAA J.
, 13
(1
), pp. 20
–25
.49.
Det Norske Veritas
, 2013
, “Submarine Pipeline Systems
,” DNV, Oslo, Norway, Standard No. DNV OS F101.50.
Fatemi
, A.
, Kenny
, S.
, Sen
, M.
, Zhou
, J.
, Taheri
, F.
, and Paulin
, M.
, 2009
, “Parameters Affecting the Buckling and Post-Buckling Behaviour of High Strength Pipelines
,” ASME
Paper No. Paper No. OMAE2009-79578.51.
Fatemi
, A.
, Kenny
, S.
, Sen
, M.
, Zhou
, J.
, Taheri
, F.
, and Paulin
, M.
, 2009
, “Influence of Material and Geometric Imperfections on the Local Buckling Response of Plain and Girth Weld High Strength Linepipe
,” 5th International Pipeline Technology Conference, PIPE-56, Ostend, Belgium, Oct. 12–14.52.
Fatemi
, A.
, and Kenny
, S.
, 2011
, “Continuum Modelling Framework for Local Buckling Response of Plain and Girth Welded Pipes
,” Offshore Technology Conference
, Houston, TX, May 2–5.53.
Kenny
, S.
, Gordon
, R.
, and Swank
, G.
, 2016
, “Alternative Compressive Strain Capacity Performance Limits for Strain Based Design Applications
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2016-64359.54.
Suzuki
, N.
, Kondo
, J.
, Ishikawa
, N.
, Okatsu
, M.
, and Shimamura
, J.
, 2007
, “Strain Capacity of X80 High Strain Line Pipes
,” ASME
Paper No. OMAE2007-29505.55.
Torselletti
, E.
, Vitali
, L.
, and Bruschi
, R.
, 2005
, “Bending Capacity of Girth-Welded Pipes
,” ASME
Paper No. OMAE2005-67487.56.
Cottrell
, A. H.
, and Bilby
, B. A.
, 1949
, “Dislocation Theory of Yielding and Strain Ageing of Iron
,” Proc. Phys. Soc., Sec. A
, 62
(1
), pp. 49
–62
.57.
Suzuki
, N.
, Endo
, S.
, Yoshikawa
, M.
, and Toyoda
, M.
, 2001
, “Effects of a Strain Hardening Exponent on Inelastic Local Buckling Strength and Mechanical Properties of Line Pipes
,” 20th Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 99
–106
.58.
Suzuki
, N.
, and Toyoda
, M.
, 2002
, “Critical Compressive Strain of Linepipes Related to Work-Hardening Parameters
,” 21st Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, Oslo, Norway, pp. 217
–224
.59.
Ishikawa
, N.
, Okatsu
, M.
, Endo
, S.
, and Kondo
, J.
, 2006
, “Design Concept and Production of High Deformability Linepipe
,” ASME
Paper No. IPC2006-10240.60.
Liessem
, A.
, Knauf
, G.
, and Zimmermann
, S.
, 2007
, “Strain Based Design—What the Contribution of a Pipe Manufacturer Can Be
,” 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 3156
–3163
.61.
Bardi
, F. C.
, Kyriakides
, S.
, and Yun
, H. D.
, 2006
, “Plastic Buckling of Circular Tubes Under Axial Compression—Part I: Experiments
,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
, 48
(8
), pp. 842
–854
.62.
Bardi
, F. C.
, and Kyriakides
, S.
, 2006
, “Plastic Buckling of Circular Tubes Under Axial Compression—Part II: Analysis
,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
, 48
(8
), pp. 830
–841
.63.
Corona
, E.
, Lee
, L. H.
, and Kyriakides
, S.
, 2006
, “Yield Anisotropy Effects on Buckling of Circular Tubes Under Bending
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 43
(22–23
), pp. 7099
–7118
.64.
Mohareb
, M. E.
, 1995
, “Deformational Behaviour of Linepipe
,” Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.65.
Kyriakides
, S.
, Ok
, A.
, and Corona
, E.
, 2008
, “Localization and Propagation of Curvature Under Pure Bending in Steel Tubes With Lüders Bands
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 45
(10
), pp. 3074
–3087
.66.
Hutchinson
, J. W.
, 1974
, “Plastic Buckling
,” Advances in Applied Mechanics
, Vol. 14
, C. S.
Yih
, ed., Academic Press
, New York
, pp. 67
–144
.67.
Kyriakides
, S.
, Bardi
, F. C.
, and Paquette
, J. A.
, 2005
, “Wrinkling of Circular Tubes Under Axial Compression: Effect of Anisotropy
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 72
(2
), pp. 301
–305
.68.
Hines
, J. R.
, Timms
, C. M.
, and DeGeer
, D.
, 2007
, “Thermal Ageing Effects on Thickwalled Line Pipe
,” ASME
Paper No. OMAE2007-29661.69.
Shinmiya
, T.
, Ishikawa
, N.
, Okatsu
, M.
, Endo
, S.
, Shikanai
, N.
, and Kondo
, J.
, 2008
, “Development of High Deformability Linepipe With Resistance to Strain-Aged Hardening by Heat Treatment On-Line Process
,” 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
(ISOPE) Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 2963
–2968
.70.
Hill
, R.
, 1948, “A Theory of the Yielding and Plastic Flow of Anisotropic Metals
,” Proc. R. Soc. London A
, 193
(1033
) pp. 281
–297
.71.
Walker
, A. C.
, and Williams
, K. A. J.
, 1995
, “Strain Based Design of Pipelines
,” 14th Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference
, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 345
–350
.72.
DelCol
, P. R.
, 1998
, “Behaviour of Large Diameter Line Pipe Under Combined Loads
,” M.Sc. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
