Seabed Shear Stress Spectrum for Very Rough Beds

The spectrum of seabed shear stresses at beds with large roughness beneath ocean surface waves in finite water depth is derived by using the wave friction factor for large roughness. It is expressed in terms of the transfer function between the waves at the surface and the shear stress at the bed, and the wave spectrum in finite water depth, which is obtained by multiplying the deep water wave spectrum with a depth correction factor. The seabed shear stress spectrum for laminar flow, which is of practical interest for flow over muds, is also given in order to compare with the rough turbulent case. Examples are included to illustrate the applicability of the seabed shear stress spectrum for practical purposes using data typical for field conditions, both for very rough beds and mud beds.