Pulmonary Nodule Segmentation Network Based on Res Select Kernel Contextual U-Net

U-Net network is widely used in the field of medical image segmentation. The automatic segmentation and detection of lung nodules can help in the early detection of lung cancer. Therefore, in this paper, to solve the problems of small proportion of nodules in computer tomography (CT) images, complex features, and insufficient segmentation accuracy, an improved U-Net network based on residual network and attention mechanism was proposed. The feature extraction part of Res select Kernel Contextual U-Net (RkcU-Net) network is based on Res2net, a variant of Resnet, and on which a feature extraction module with automatic selection of convolution kernel size is designed to perform multiscale convolution inside the feature layer to form perceptual fields of different sizes. This module selects the appropriate convolution kernel size to extract lung nodule features in the face of different fine-grained lung nodules. Second, the contextual supplementary (CS) block is designed to use the information of adjacent upper and lower layers to correct for the upper layer features, eliminating the discrepancy in the fusion of features at different levels. In this paper, the LUNA16 dataset was selected as the basis for lung nodule segmentation experiments. The method used in this dataset can achieve an intersection ratio (IoU) of 80.59% and a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) score of 89.25%. The network effectively improves the accuracy of lung nodule segmentation compared with other models. The results show that the method enhances the feature extraction ability of the network and improves the segmentation effect. In addition, the contribution of jump connections to information recovery should be noted.