Abstract

A redundant cable-driven platform (CDP) is composed of m cables that exceed the degree-of-freedom (DoF) of the end-effector. The choice of tension along the cables admits infinite solutions. This paper proposes the use of the analytic center to solve the tension distribution problem. Adopting this technique allows finding tensions far from the tension limits, namely, robust as well as tension profiles continuous and differentiable in time. The continuity, differentiability, and uniqueness of the solution are also proven. Moreover, the possibility of including non-linear constraints acting on the tensions (e.g., friction) is a further contribution. The computational time with the proposed approach is compared to the existing techniques to assess its real-time applicability. Finally, several simulations using several cable-driven parallel robots’ (CDPRs) architectures are reported to demonstrate the method’s capabilities.

Graphical Abstract Figure
Graphical Abstract Figure
Close modal

References

1.
Pott
,
A.
,
2018
, Cable-Driven Parallel Robots, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany.
2.
Villa
,
D.
,
Brandño
,
A.
, and
Sarcinelli-Filho
,
M.
,
2020
, “
A Survey on Load Transportation Using Multirotor UAVs
,”
J. Intell. Rob. Syst.: Theory Appl.
,
98
, pp.
267
296
.
3.
Jamshidifar
,
H.
, and
Khajepour
,
A.
,
2020
, “
Static Workspace Optimization of Aerial Cable Towed Robots With Land-Fixed Winches
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
36
, pp.
1603
1610
.
4.
Albus
,
J.
,
Bostelman
,
R.
, and
Dagalakis
,
N.
,
1993
, “
The Nist Robocrane
,”
J. Rob. Syst.
,
10
(
5
), pp.
709
724
.
5.
Merlet
,
J.
, and
Daney
,
D.
,
2010
, “
A Portable, Modular Parallel Wire Crane for Rescue Operations
,”
IEEE Int. Conf. Rob. Autom.
, pp.
2834
2839
.
6.
Rosati
,
G.
,
Gallina
,
P.
, and
Masiero
,
S.
,
2007
, “
Design, Implementation and Clinical Tests of a Wire-Based Robot for Neurorehabilitation
,”
IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.
,
15
(
4
), pp.
560
569
.
7.
Surdilovic
,
D.
,
Zhang
,
J.
, and
Bernhardt
,
R.
,
2007
, “
String-Man: Wire-Robot Technology for Safe, Flexible and Human-Friendly Gait Rehabilitation
,” I
EEE 10th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics
,
Noordwijk, The Netherlands
,
June 13–15
.
8.
Cone
,
L. L.
,
1985
, “Skycam: An Aerial Robotic Camera System,” BYTE.
9.
Michael
,
N.
,
Fink
,
J.
, and
Kumar
,
V.
,
2010
, “
Cooperative Manipulation and Transportation With Aerial Robots
,”
Rob.: Sci. Syst.
,
30
(
1
), pp.
73
86
.
10.
Di Paola
,
V.
,
Goldsztejn
,
A.
,
Zoppi
,
M.
, and
Caro
,
S.
,
2023
, “
Design of a Sliding Mode-Adaptive PID Control for Aerial Systems With a Suspended Load Exposed to Wind Gusts
,”
ASME J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn.
,
18
(
6
), p. 060301.
11.
Bosscher
,
P.
,
Williams, II
,
R. L.
, and
Tummino
,
M.
,
2005
, “
A Concept for Rapidly-Deployable Cable Robot Search and Rescue Systems
,”
International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
,
Long Beach, CA
,
Sept. 24–28
.
12.
Borgstrom
,
P. H.
,
Jordan
,
B. L.
,
Sukhatme
,
G. S.
,
Batalin
,
M. A.
, and
Kaiser
,
W. J.
,
2010
, “
Rapid Computation of Optimally Safe Tension Distributions for Parallel Cable-Driven Robots
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
25
(
6
), pp.
1271
1281
.
13.
Wei-Jung Shiang
,
D. C.
, and
Gorman
,
J.
,
2000
, “
Optimal Force Distribution Applied to a Robotic Crane With Flexible Cables
,”
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
,
San Francisco, CA
,
Apr. 24–28
.
14.
Oh
,
S.-R.
, and
Agrawal
,
S. K.
,
2003
, “
Cable-Suspended Planar Parallel Robots With Redundant Cables: Controllers With Positive Cable Tensions
,”
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
,
Taipei, Taiwan
,
Sept. 14–19
.
15.
Gosselin
,
C.
, and
Grenier
,
M.
,
2011
, “
On the Determination of the Force Distribution in Overconstrained Cable-Driven Parallel Mechanisms
,”
Meccanica
,
46
, pp.
3
15
.
16.
Verhoeven
,
R.
, and
Hiller
,
M.
,
2002
, “Tension Distribution in Tendon-Based Stewart Platforms,”
Advances in Robot Kinematics
,
J.
Lenarčič
, and
F.
Thomas
, eds.,
Springer
,
Dordrecht
, pp.
117
124
.
17.
Taghirad
,
H. D.
, and
Bedoustani
,
Y. B.
,
2011
, “
An Analytic-Iterative Redundancy Resolution Scheme for Cable-Driven Redundant Parallel Manipulators
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
27
(6), pp.
1137
1143
.
18.
Agahi
,
M.
, and
Notash
,
L.
,
2009
, “
Redundancy Resolution of Wire-Actuated Parallel Manipulators
,”
Trans. Can. Soc. Mech. Eng.
,
33
(
4
), pp.
561
573
.
19.
Hassan
,
M.
, and
Khajepour
,
A.
,
2008
, “
Optimization of Actuator Forces in Cable-Based Parallel Manipulators Using Convex Analysis
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
24
(
3
), pp.
736
740
.
20.
Hassan
,
M.
, and
Khajepour
,
A.
,
2011
, “
Analysis of Bounded Cable Tensions in Cable-Actuated Parallel Manipulators
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
27
(
5
), pp.
891
900
.
21.
Mikelsons
,
L.
,
Bruckmann
,
T.
,
Hiller
,
M.
, and
Schramm
,
D.
,
2008
, “
A Real-Time Capable Force Calculation Algorithm for Redundant Tendon-Based Parallel Manipulators
,”
2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
,
Pasadena, CA
,
May 19–23
.
22.
Pott
,
A.
,
2013
, “
An Improved Force Distribution Algorithm for Over-Constrained Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
,”
6th International Workshop on Computational Kinematics (CK)
,
Barcelona, Spain
,
May 12–15
, pp.
139
146
.
23.
Pott
,
A.
,
Bruckmann
,
T.
, and
Mikelsons
,
L.
,
2009
, “Closed-Form Force Distribution for Parallel Wire Robots,”
Computational Kinematics
,
A.
Kecskeméthy
, and
A.
Müller
, eds.,
Springer
,
Berlin
, pp.
25
34
.
24.
Bouchard
,
S.
,
Gosselin
,
C.
, and
Moore
,
B.
,
2010
, “
On the Ability of a Cable-Driven Robot to Generate a Prescribed Set of Wrenches
,”
ASME J. Mech. Rob.
,
2
(
1
), p.
011010
.
25.
Katharina Müller
,
C. R.
, and
Bruckmann
,
T.
,
2014
, “
Analysis of a Real-Time Capable Cable Force Computation Method
,” Cable-Driven Parallel Robots: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Cable-Driven Parallel Robots,
Springer International Publishing
,
Duisburg-Essen, Germany
.
26.
Côté
,
A. F.
,
Cardou
,
P.
, and
Gosselin
,
C.
,
2016
, “
A Tension Distribution Algorithm for Cable-Driven Parallel Robots Operating Beyond Their Wrench-Feasible Workspace
,”
16th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS)
,
Gyeongju, South Korea
,
Oct. 16–19
.
27.
Gouttefarde
,
M.
,
Lamaury
,
J.
,
Reichert
,
C.
, and
Bruckmann
,
T.
,
2015
, “
A Versatile Tension Distribution Algorithm for n-DoF Parallel Robots Driven by n+2 Cables
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
31
(
6
), pp.
1444
1457
.
28.
Ueland
,
E.
,
Sauder
,
T.
, and
Skjetne
,
R.
,
2020
, “
Optimal Force Allocation for Overconstrained Cable-Driven Parallel Robots: Continuously Differentiable Solutions With Assessment of Computational Efficiency
,”
IEEE Trans. Rob.
,
37
(2), pp.
659
666
.
29.
Rasheed
,
T.
,
Long
,
P.
,
Marquez-Gamez
,
D.
, and
Caro
,
S.
,
2018
, “Tension Distribution Algorithm for Planar Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robots,” Cable-Driven Parallel Robots,
C.
Gosselin
,
P.
Cardou
,
T.
Bruckmann
, and
A.
Pott
, eds.,
Mechanisms and Machine Science, Springer
,
Cham
, pp.
268
279
.
30.
Rasheed
,
T.
,
Long
,
P.
, and
Caro
,
S.
,
2020
, “
Wrench-Feasible Workspace of Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
,”
ASME J. Mech. Rob.
,
12
(
3
), p. 031009.
31.
Xiong
,
H.
,
Cao
,
H.
,
Zeng
,
W.
,
Huang
,
J.
,
Diao
,
X.
,
Lu
,
W.
, and
Lou
,
Y.
,
2022
, “
Real-Time Reconfiguration Planning for the Dynamic Control of Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
,”
ASME J. Mech. Rob.
,
14
(
6
), p.
060913
.
32.
Tobias Bruckmann
,
A. P.
, and
Hiller
,
M.
,
2006
, “Calculating Force Distributions for Redundantly Actuated Tendon-Based Stewart Platforms,”
Advances in Robot Kinematics (ARK)
,
J.
Lenarčič
and
B.
Roth
, eds.,
Springer-Verlag
,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
, pp.
403
412
.
33.
Nesterov
,
Y.
, and
Nemirovskii
,
A.
,
1994
, Interior-Point Polynomial Algorithms in Convex Programming, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Phiadelphia, PA..
34.
Boyd
,
S.
, and
Vandenberghe
,
L.
,
2004
,
Convex Optimization
,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
.
35.
Verhoeven
,
R.
,
2004
, “
Analysis of the Workspace of Tendon-Based Stewart Platforms
,” PhD thesis,
Universität Duisburg-Essen
.
36.
Jorge Nocedal
,
S. J. W.
,
2006
,
Numerical Optimization
,
Springer
,
New York
.
37.
Masone
,
H. H. B. C.
, and
Stegagno
,
P.
,
2016
, “
Cooperative Transportation of a Payload Using Quadrotors: A Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robot
,”
IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
,
Gyeongju, South Korea
,
Oct. 9–14
.
38.
Métillon
,
M.
,
Charron
,
C.
,
Subrin
,
K.
, and
Caro
,
S.
,
2022
, “
Performance and Interaction Quality Variations of a Collaborative Cable-Driven Parallel Robot
,”
Mechatronics
, 86.
39.
Paola
,
V. D.
,
Ida
,
E.
,
Zoppi
,
M.
, and
Caro
,
S.
,
2022
, “
A Preliminary Study of Factors Influencing the Stiffness of Aerial Cable Towed Systems
,”
ROMANSY
,
Udine, Italy
,
July 4–7
,
Springer International Publishing
, pp.
272
282
.
You do not currently have access to this content.