The problem of deteriorating water pipes, resulting in leaks and breaks, affects municipalities worldwide. Corrosion appears to be a leading factor affecting pipe strength and service life. While techniques to evaluate the corrosion damage of in-service pipes are being developed successfully, “affordable” methods to estimate the remaining strength of such pipes are presently not available. A three-dimensional finite element strength evaluation method, as presented herein, is able to predict the strength of corrosion-deteriorated cast iron water pipes subjected to specific loading conditions. It can be used by engineers to identify those pipe sections which require attention.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
iron alloys,
finite element analysis,
corrosion testing,
remaining life assessment,
tensile testing,
bending,
water supply,
corrosion
Topics:
Bearings,
Cast iron,
Corrosion,
Finite element analysis,
Pipes,
Failure,
Stress,
Modeling,
Pipe bending
1.
Baker, H., 1997, “NRC Working on Trenchless Diagnostic Tools,” Facts, Center for Advancement of Trenchless Technologies, CATT, Waterloo, Ontario, 2(4), pp. 1–2.
2.
Dennis, T., 1998, “The City of Toronto Experience,” presentation at Rehabilitation Workshop, Center for Advancement of Trenchless Technologies, University of Waterloo, March, Waterloo, Ontario.
3.
W&WS, 2000, “Water… Toronto Treats It with Care,” Water and Wastewater Services Division 1999/2000 Review, City of Toronto Works and Emergency Services, Toronto, Ontario.
4.
O’Day
, D. K.
, Fox
, C. M.
, and Huguet
, G. M.
, 1980
, “Aging Urban Water Systems: A Computerized Case Study
,” Public Works
, 111
(8
), pp. 61
–64
, 111.5.
Shawki
, G. S. A.
, and Naga
, S. A. R.
, 1986
, “On the Mechanics of Gray Cast Iron Under Pure Bending
,” ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
, 108
(2
), pp. 141
–146
.6.
Shawki
, G. S. A.
, and Naga
, S. A. R.
, 1987
, “On the Mechanics of Fracture in Gray Cast Iron
,” ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
, 109
(5
), pp. 288
–292
.7.
Seica
, M. V.
, Packer
, J. A.
, Grabinsky
, M. W. F.
, and Adams
, B. J.
, 2002
, “Evaluation of the Properties of Toronto Iron Water Mains and Surrounding Soil
,” Can. J. Civ. Eng.
, 29
(2
), pp. 222
–237
.8.
Rajani, B., Makar, J. M., McDonald, S. E., Zhan, C., Kuraoka, S., Jen, C. K., and Viens, M., 2000, “Investigation of Gray Cast Iron Water Mains to Develop a Methodology for Estimating Service Life,” American Water Works Association Research Foundation Report, Denver, CO.
9.
Rajani
, B.
, and Makar
, J. M.
, 2000
, “A Methodology to Estimate Remaining Service Life of Gray Cast Iron Water Mains
,” Can. J. Civ. Eng.
, 27
(6
), pp. 1259
–1272
.10.
Makar, J. M., and Desnoyers, R., 2001, “Three Dimensional Mapping of Corrosion Pits in Cast Iron Pipe Using the Remote Field Effect,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Underground Infrastructure Research, June, Kitchener, Ontario, pp. 95–104.
11.
ASME B31G-91, 1991, “Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines—A Supplement to ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping,” American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY.
12.
ES&E, 1997, “Repair or Replace? IRC Studies Corroded Water Mains,” Environmental Science & Engineering, 9(6), pp. 38–39.
13.
Stephens, D. M., 1994, “Research Seeks More Precise Corrosion Defect Assessment. Part 2,” Pipe Line Industry, 68(8), pp. 52–55.
14.
Hauch, S., and Bai, Y., 1999, “Bending Moment Capacity of Pipes,” Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE ’99), July, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, pp. 311–321.
15.
Hebor, M. F., and Ricles, J. M., 1994, “Residual Strength and Repair of Corroded Marine Tubulars,” National Center for Engineering Research on Advanced Technology for Large Structural Systems, Report No. 94-10, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
16.
Wang, G., Taylor, D., Bouquin, B., Devlukia, J., and Ciepalowicz, A., 2000, “Prediction of Fatigue Failure in a Camshaft Using the Crack Modeling Method,” Engineering Failure Analysis, 7(3), pp. 189–197.
17.
Hofstetter
, G.
, Lehar
, H.
, and Niederwanger
, G.
, 1999
, “Design of Pile-Supported Buried Pipelines by a Synthesis of FE Ultimate Load Analyses and Experimental Investigations
,” Finite Elem. Anal. Design
, 32
(2
), pp. 97
–111
.18.
ASA/AWWA A21.6/C106-62, 1962, “American Standard for Cast-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast in Metal Molds, for Water or Other Liquids,” American Water Works Association, New York, NY.
19.
ASA/AWWA A21.8/C108-62, 1962, “American Standard for Cast-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast in Sand-Lined Molds, for Water or Other Liquids,” American Water Works Association, New York, NY.
20.
Seica
, V. M.
, and Packer
, J. A.
, 2003
, “Mechanical Properties and Strength of Aged Cast Iron Water Pipes
,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., in press.21.
ANSYS, 1998, Version 5.5, SAS IP, Inc., Canonsburg, PA.
22.
Ricles, J. M., Bruin, W. M., Sooi, T. K., Hebor, M. F., and Scho¨nwetter, P. C., 1995, “Residual Strength Assessment and Repair of Damaged Offshore Tubulars,” Proceedings of the 27th Annual Offshore Technology Conference (OTC), OTC 7807, May, Houston, TX.
23.
Dinno, D. K., 1996, “The Effect of Corrosion on the Stability of Plate Girders Using Finite Elements,” M.A.Sc. thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
24.
Cook, R. D., 1995, Finite Element Modeling for Stress Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
25.
ANSYS, 1998, “ANSYS Theory Reference Manual,” 9th ed., Version 5.5, SAS IP, Inc., Canonsburg, PA.
26.
Seica, V. M., 2002, “Investigation of the Structural Performance of Cast Iron Water Pipes,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
Copyright © 2004
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
