Abstract

This investigation proposes a physics-based model to predict the solid-state phase transformation of maraging steel subjected to microgrinding. In microgrinding, the effect of crystallography is significant on the grinding phase transformation in light of the fact that the depth of cut is on the same order of magnitude as the grain size. This paper proposes a predictive model of phase transformation considering crystallographic orientation (CO) with respect to the grinding direction based on the Taylor factor model. In addition, the flow stress model is modified by adding a CO sensitive term and incorporating the mechanical-thermal loadings. Furthermore, the temperature, temperature rate, strain rate, and Taylor factor are also combined in the model of phase transition. The kinetics parameters of the models are obtained by a regression analysis against experimental data. Finally, the modified models are validated with experiments data and compared with the previous prediction.

References

1.
Rao
,
X.
,
Zhang
,
F.
,
Lu
,
Y.
,
Luo
,
X.
, and
Chen
,
F.
,
2020
, “
Surface and Subsurface Damage of Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide Induced by Electrical Discharge Diamond Grinding
,”
Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
,
154
, pp.
1
13
. 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2020.103564
2.
Khodaii
,
J.
,
Adibi
,
H.
,
Barazandeh
,
F.
,
Solhtalab
,
A.
,
Rezaei
,
M.
, and
Sarhan
,
A. A. D.
,
2020
, “
Improvement of Surface Integrity in the Grinding of Bioceramic Partially Stabilized Zirconia Using Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Methods
,”
Ceram. Int.
,
46
(
9
), pp.
13784
13797
. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.168
3.
Xiu
,
S. C.
,
Deng
,
Y. S.
, and
Kong
,
X. N.
,
2019
, “
Effects of Stress on Phase Transformations in Grinding by Fe Modeling and Experimental Approaches
,”
Materials
,
12
(
14
), pp.
1
18
.
4.
Shi
,
X. L.
,
Xiu
,
S. C.
, and
Su
,
H. L.
,
2019
, “
Residual Stress Model of Pre-Stressed Dry Grinding Considering Coupling of Thermal, Stress, and Phase Transformation
,”
Adv. Manuf.
,
7
(
4
), pp.
401
410
. 10.1007/s40436-019-00280-3
5.
Fischer
,
F. D.
, and
Schlogl
,
S. M.
,
1995
, “
The Influence of Material Anisotropy on Transformation-Induced Plasticity in Steel Subject to Martensitic-Transformation
,”
Mech. Mater.
,
21
(
1
), pp.
1
23
. 10.1016/0167-6636(94)00070-0
6.
Jiang
,
X.
,
Kong
,
X.
,
Zhang
,
Z.
,
Wu
,
Z.
,
Ding
,
Z.
, and
Guo
,
M.
,
2020
, “
Modeling the Effects of Undeformed Chip Volume (UCV) on Residual Stresses During the Milling of Curved Thin-Walled Parts
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
,
167
, pp.
1
14
.
7.
Mittemeijer
,
E. J.
,
1992
, “
Analysis of the Kinetics of Phase Transformations
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
,
27
, pp.
3977
3987
.
8.
Ji
,
X.
,
Mirkoohi
,
E.
,
Ning
,
J.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2020
, “
Analytical Modeling of Post-Printing Grain Size in Metal Additive Manufacturing
,”
Opt. Laser Eng.
,
124
, pp.
1
14
.
9.
Avrami
,
M.
,
1940
, “
Kinetics of Phase Change. II Transformation-Time Relations for Random Distribution of Nuclei
,”
J. Chem. Phys.
,
8
(
2
), pp.
212
224
. 10.1063/1.1750631
10.
Koistinen
,
D. P.
, and
Marburger
,
R. E.
,
1959
, “
A General Equation Prescribing the Extent of the Austenite-Martensite Transformation in Pure Iron-Carbon Alloys and Plain Carbon Steels
,”
Acta Metall.
,
7
(
1
), pp.
59
60
. 10.1016/0001-6160(59)90170-1
11.
Fischer
,
F. D.
,
Berveiller
,
M.
,
Tanaka
,
K.
, and
Oberaigner
,
E. R.
,
1994
, “
Continuum Mechanical Aspects of Phase-Transformations in Solids
,”
Arch. Appl. Mech.
,
64
(
2
), pp.
54
85
.
12.
Zeng
,
H.
,
Yan
,
R.
,
Hu
,
T.
,
Du
,
P.
,
Wang
,
W.
, and
Peng
,
F.
,
2019
, “
Analytical Modeling of White Layer Formation in Orthogonal Cutting of Aermet100 Steel Based on Phase Transformation Mechanism
,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
,
141
(
6
), p.
064502
. 10.1115/1.4043579
13.
Wang
,
Y.
,
Xiu
,
S.
,
Zhang
,
S.
, and
Jiang
,
C.
,
2020
, “
Effect of Grinding Parameters on Microstructure Evolution of Tc21 Titanium Alloy With Bimodal Starting Microstructure
,”
J. Alloys Comp.
,
831
, pp.
1
10
. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154882
14.
Wang
,
Q.
, and
Liu
,
Z.
,
2018
, “
Microhardness Prediction Based on a Microstructure-Sensitive Flow Stress Model During High Speed Machining Ti-6Al-4V
,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
,
140
(
9
), p.
091003
. 10.1115/1.4039889
15.
Baykasoglu
,
C.
,
Akyildiz
,
O.
,
Candemir
,
D.
,
Yang
,
Q.
, and
To
,
A. C.
,
2018
, “
Predicting Microstructure Evolution During Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V
,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
,
140
(
5
), p.
051003
. 10.1115/1.4038894
16.
Wagner
,
V.
,
Barelli
,
F.
,
Dessein
,
G.
,
Laheurte
,
R.
,
Darnis
,
P.
,
Cahuc
,
O.
, and
Mousseigne
,
M.
,
2017
, “
Thermal and Microstructure Study of the Chip Formation During Turning of Ti64 Β Lamellar Titanium Structure
,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
,
140
(
3
), p.
031010
. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038597
17.
Mao
,
C.
,
Zhou
,
Z.
,
Zhang
,
J.
,
Huang
,
X.
, and
Gu
,
D.
,
2010
, “
An Experimental Investigation of Affected Layers Formed in Grinding of Aisi 52100 Steel
,”
Int. J. Adv. Manu. Technol.
,
54
(
5-8
), pp.
515
523
. 10.1007/s00170-010-2965-z
18.
Habiby
,
F.
,
Siddiqui
,
T. N.
,
Hussain
,
H.
,
Khan
,
M. A.
,
ul Haq
,
A.
, and
Khan
,
A. Q.
,
1992
, “
Machine-Induced Phase Transformation in a Maraging Steel
,”
Mater. Sci. Eng.
,
159
(
2
), pp.
261
265
. 10.1016/0921-5093(92)90297-E
19.
Ding
,
Z. S.
,
Li
,
B. Z.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2015
, “
Phase Transformation and Residual Stress of Maraging C250 Steel During Grinding
,”
Mater. Lett.
,
154
, pp.
37
39
. 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.04.040
20.
Shah
,
S. M.
,
Nélias
,
D.
,
Zain-ul-abdein
,
M.
, and
Coret
,
M.
,
2012
, “
Numerical Simulation of Grinding Induced Phase Transformation and Residual Stresses in Aisi-52100 Steel
,”
Finite Elem. Anal. Des.
,
61
, pp.
1
11
. 10.1016/j.finel.2012.05.010
21.
Ding
,
Z.
,
Li
,
B.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2016
, “
Material Phase Transformation at High Heating Rate During Grinding
,”
Mach. Sci. Technol.
,
20
(
2
), pp.
290
311
. 10.1080/10910344.2016.1168929
22.
Ding
,
Z.
,
Sun
,
G.
,
Guo
,
M.
,
Jiang
,
X.
,
Li
,
B.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2020
, “
Effect of Phase Transition on Micro-Grinding-Induced Residual Stress
,”
J. Mater. Pro. Technol.
,
281
, pp.
1
13
. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116647
23.
Ding
,
Z.
,
Sun
,
G.
,
Jiang
,
X.
,
Guo
,
M.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2019
, “
Predictive Modeling of Microgrinding Force Incorporating Phase Transformation Effects Manuscript
,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
,
141
(
8
), p.
081009
. 10.1115/1.4043839
24.
Petersmann
,
M.
,
Antretter
,
T.
,
Cailletaud
,
G.
,
Sannikov
,
A.
,
Ehlenbröker
,
U.
, and
Fischer
,
F. D.
,
2019
, “
Unification of the Non-Linear Geometric Transformation Theory of Martensite and Crystal Plasticity—Application to Dislocated Lath Martensite in Steels
,”
Int. J. Plast.
,
119
, pp.
140
155
. 10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.02.016
25.
Zhao
,
M.
,
Ji
,
X.
,
Li
,
B.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2016
, “
Investigation on the Influence of Material Crystallographic Orientation on Grinding Force in the Micro-Grinding of Single-Crystal Copper With Single Grit
,”
Int. J. Adv. Manu. Tech.
,
90
(
9–12
), pp.
3347
3355
.
26.
Guo
,
J.
,
Jin
,
T. N.
,
Zhao
,
Y. Q.
,
Shu
,
Q.
, and
Du
,
S. J.
,
2017
, “
Crystallographic Characteristics of Beta ->Alpha Phase Transformation at Beta Grain Boundaries in Ti-1300 Alloy
,”
Rare Metal. Mat. Eng.
,
46
(
4
), pp.
979
984
.
27.
Wu
,
B. B.
,
Wang
,
X. L.
,
Wang
,
Z. Q.
,
Zhao
,
J. X.
,
Jin
,
Y. H.
,
Wang
,
C. S.
,
Shang
,
C. J.
, and
Misra
,
R. D. K.
,
2019
, “
New Insights From Crystallography Into the Effect of Refining Prior Austenite Grain Size on Transformation Phenomenon and Consequent Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength Low Alloy Steel
,”
Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct.
,
745
, pp.
126
136
. 10.1016/j.msea.2018.12.057
28.
Zhao
,
M.
,
Ji
,
X.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2019
, “
Force Prediction in Micro-Grinding Maraging Steel 3j33b Considering the Crystallographic Orientation and Phase Transformation
,”
Int. J. Adv. Manu. Technol.
,
103
(
5-8
), pp.
2821
2836
. 10.1007/s00170-019-03724-z
29.
Zhao
,
M.
,
Ji
,
X.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2019
, “
Micro-Grinding Temperature Prediction Considering the Effects of Crystallographic Orientation and the Strain Induced by Phase Transformation
,”
Int. J. Preci. Eng. Manuf.
,
20
(
11
), pp.
1861
1876
. 10.1007/s12541-019-00180-3
30.
Ding
,
Z. S.
,
2016
,
Research on Surface Integrity and Process Optimal Criterion of Micro-Grinding
,
Donghua University
,
Shanghai, China
.
31.
Zhao
,
M.
,
Ji
,
X.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2018
, “
Influence of Aa7075 Crystallographic Orientation on Micro-Grinding Force
,”
Pro. Inst. Mech. Eng.
,
233
(
8
), pp.
1831
1843
. 10.1177/0954405418803706
32.
Park
,
H. W.
,
Park
,
Y. B.
, and
Liang
,
S. Y.
,
2011
, “
Multi-Procedure Design Optimization and Analysis of Mesoscale Machine Tools
,”
Int J Adv. Manuf. Technol.
,
56
(
1–4
), pp.
1
12
. 10.1007/s00170-011-3160-6
33.
Oxley
,
P. L. B.
,
1989
,
The Mechanics of Machining: An Analytical Approach to Assessing Machinability
,
Halsted Press New York
,
UK
.
You do not currently have access to this content.