A Review on Nanocomposites. Part 1: Mechanical Properties

3.

Arora

,

I.

,

Samuel

,

J.

, and

Koratkar

,

N.

,

2013

, “

Experimental Investigation of the Machinability of Epoxy Reinforced With Graphene Platelets

,”

ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.

,

135

(

4

), p.

041007

. 10.1115/1.4024814

4.

Njuguna

,

J.

, and

Pielichowski

,

K.

,

2003

, “

Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications: Properties

,”

Adv. Eng. Mater.

,

5

(

11

), pp.

769

–

778

.

5.

Garces

,

J. M.

,

Moll

,

D. J.

,

Bicerano

,

J.

,

Fibiger

,

R.

, and

McLeod

,

D. G.

,

2000

, “

Polymeric Nanocomposites for Automotive Applications

,”

Adv. Mater.

,

12

(

23

), pp.

1835

–

1839

.

. 10.1080/10601325.2016.1110459

6.

Feldman

,

D.

,

2016

, “

Polymer Nanocomposites in Medicine

,”

J. Macromol. Sci., Part A

,

53

(

1

), pp.

55

–

62

. 10.13111/2066-8201.2012.4.3.7

7.

Dinca

,

I.

,

Ban

,

C.

,

Stefan

,

A.

, and

Pelin

,

G.

,

2012

, “

Nanocomposites as Advanced Materials for Aerospace Industry

,”

Incas Bull.

,

4

(

3

), p.

73

–

86

. 10.1016/j.tca.2006.11.002

8.

Leszczyńska

,

A.

,

Njuguna

,

J.

,

Pielichowski

,

K.

, and

Banerjee

,

J.

,

2007

, “

Polymer/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites With Improved Thermal Properties: Part I. Factors Influencing Thermal Stability and Mechanisms of Thermal Stability Improvement

,”

Thermochim. Acta

,

453

(

2

), pp.

75

–

96

9.

Bai

,

J.

, and

Allaoui

,

A.

,

2003

, “

Effect of the Length and the Aggregate Size of MWNTs on the Improvement Efficiency of the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Nanocomposites—Experimental Investigation

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

34

(

8

), pp.

689

–

694

.

. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.175

10.

Dong

,

N.

,

Zhong

,

M.

,

Fei

,

P.

,

Lei

,

Z.

, and

Su

,

B.

,

2016

, “

Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of PANI-CoFe₂O₄ Nanocomposites Synthesized via a Novel One-Step Solvothermal Method

,”

J. Alloys Compd.

,

660

, pp.

382

–

386

11.

Kim

,

H.

,

Miura

,

Y.

, and

Macosko

,

C. W.

,

2010

, “

Graphene/Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Improved Gas Barrier and Electrical Conductivity

,”

Chem. Mater.

,

22

(

11

), pp.

3441

–

3450

. 10.1021/cm100477v

. 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.034

12.

Liu

,

Y.

,

Xiong

,

W.

,

Jiang

,

L.

,

Zhou

,

Y.

, and

Lu

,

Y.

,

2016

, “

Precise 3D Printing of Micro/nanostructures using Highly Conductive Carbon Nanotube-thiol-acrylate Composites

,”

Laser 3D Manufacturing III

,

San Francisco, CA

, p.

973808

.

13.

Imbaby

,

M.

, and

Jiang

,

K.

,

2009

, “

Fabrication of Free Standing 316-L Stainless Steel–Al₂O₃ Composite Micro Machine Parts by Soft Moulding

,”

Acta Mater.

,

57

(

16

), pp.

4751

–

4757

. 10.1016/j.mee.2009.10.017

14.

Imbaby

,

M.

, and

Jiang

,

K.

,

2010

, “

Stainless Steel–Titania Composite Micro Gear Fabricated by Soft Moulding and Dispersing Technique

,”

Microelectron. Eng.

,

87

(

5–8

), pp.

1650

–

1654

. 10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.068

15.

Jiguet

,

S.

,

Judelewicz

,

M.

,

Mischler

,

S.

,

Bertch

,

A.

, and

Renaud

,

P.

,

2006

, “

Effect of Filler Behavior on Nanocomposite SU8 Photoresist for Moving Micro-Parts

,”

Microelectron. Eng.

,

83

(

4–9

), pp.

1273

–

1276

16.

Tang

,

Q. Y.

,

Chan

,

Y. C.

,

Wong

,

N. B.

, and

Cheung

,

R.

,

2010

, “

Surfactant-Assisted Processing of Polyimide/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Microelectronics Applications

,”

Polym. Int.

,

59

(

9

), pp.

1240

–

1245

. 10.1002/pi.2855

17.

Chen

,

F.-C.

,

Chu

,

C.-W.

,

He

,

J.

,

Yang

,

Y.

, and

Lin

,

J.-L.

,

2004

, “

Organic Thin-Film Transistors With Nanocomposite Dielectric Gate Insulator

,”

Appl. Phys. Lett.

,

85

(

15

), pp.

3295

–

3297

. 10.1063/1.1806283

18.

Tang

,

H.

, and

Sodano

,

H. A.

,

2013

, “

High Energy Density Nanocomposite Capacitors Using Non-Ferroelectric Nanowires

,”

Appl. Phys. Lett.

,

102

(

6

), p.

063901

. 10.1063/1.4792513

. 10.1007/s11664-014-3025-5

19.

Raj

,

P. M.

,

Sharma

,

H.

,

Reddy

,

G. P.

,

Altunyurt

,

N.

,

Swaminathan

,

M.

,

Tummala

,

R.

, and

Nair

,

V.

,

2014

, “

Cobalt–Polymer Nanocomposite Dielectrics for Miniaturized Antennas

,”

J. Electron. Mater.

,

43

(

4

), pp.

1097

–

1106

20.

Pithaksareetham

,

N.

,

Hongkarnjanakul

,

N.

, and

Suchat

,

S.

,

2018

, “

Eco‐Nanocomposites with Epoxidized Natural Rubber for Improved Mechanical Properties Essential to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Propeller Applications

,”

Adv. Polymer Technol.

,

37

(

8

), pp.

2946

–

2957

.

21.

Pines

,

D. J.

, and

Bohorquez

,

F.

,

2006

, “

Challenges Facing Future Micro-air-Vehicle Development

,”

J. Aircr.

,

43

(

2

), pp.

290

–

305

. 10.2514/1.4922

. 10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.002

22.

Vijayanandh

,

R.

,

Kumar

,

N.

,

Kumar

,

S.

,

Kumar

,

R.

, and

Kumar

,

N.

,

2018

, “

Material Optimization of High Speed Micro Aerial Vehicle Using FSI Simulation

,”

Proc. Comput. Sci.

,

133

, pp.

2

–

9

. 10.1007/s11249-007-9254-5

23.

Kumar

,

D.

,

Goyal

,

T.

,

Kumar

,

V.

,

Mohite

,

P.

,

Kamle

,

S.

, and

Verma

,

V.

,

2015

, “

Development and Modal Analysis of Bioinspired CNT/Epoxy Nanocomposite MAV Flapping Wings

,”

J. Aerosp. Sci. Technol.

,

67

(

1

), pp.

88

–

93

.

24.

Sun

,

X.

, and

Li

,

J.

,

2007

, “

Friction and Wear Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel–Titania Nanocomposite Coatings

,”

Tribol. Lett.

,

28

(

3

), pp.

223

–

228

25.

Masuda

,

J. i.

, and

Torkelson

,

J. M.

,

2008

, “

Dispersion and Major Property Enhancements in Polymer/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites via Solid-State Shear Pulverization Followed by Melt Mixing

,”

Macromolecules

,

41

(

16

), pp.

5974

–

5977

. 10.1021/ma801321j

. 10.1088/0957-4484/13/5/301

26.

Roul

,

J.

,

Sahoo

,

S. K.

, and

Mohapatra

,

R.

,

2013

, “

Design and Characterization of Biodegradable Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Solution Mixing Technique

,”

Int. J. Nano Dimens.

,

4

(

2

), pp.

135

–

139

.

27.

Zeng

,

Q.

,

Wang

,

D.

,

Yu

,

A.

, and

Lu

,

G.

,

2002

, “

Synthesis of Polymer–Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by In Situ Intercalative Polymerization

,”

Nanotechnology

,

13

(

5

), p.

549

–

553

28.

Lee

,

M.

,

Kim

,

B.

,

Nam

,

J.

,

Lee

,

Y.

,

Son

,

Y.

, and

Seo

,

S.

,

2003

, “

In-situ Formation of Gold Nanoparticle/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites

,”

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst.

,

407

(

1

), pp.

1

–

6

. 10.1080/744819006

29.

Rahman

,

I. A.

, and

Padavettan

,

V.

,

2012

, “

Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-gel: Size-Dependent Properties, Surface Modification, and Applications in Silica-Polymer Nanocomposites—A Review

,”

J. Nanomater.

,

2012

, p.

8

. 10.1155/2012/132424

. 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00450-5

30.

Choa

,

Y.-H.

,

Yang

,

J.-K.

,

Kim

,

B.-H.

,

Jeong

,

Y.-K.

,

Lee

,

J.-S.

,

Nakayama

,

T.

,

Sekino

,

T.

, and

Niihara

,

K.

,

2003

, “

Preparation and Characterization of Metal/Ceramic Nanoporous Nanocomposite Powders

,”

J. Magn. Magn. Mater.

,

266

(

1–2

), pp.

12

–

19

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.04.004

31.

Zhou

,

S.-m.

,

Zhang

,

X.-b.

,

Ding

,

Z.-p.

,

Min

,

C.-y.

,

Xu

,

G.-l.

, and

Zhu

,

W.-m.

,

2007

, “

Fabrication and Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Al Composites Prepared by Pressureless Infiltration Technique

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

38

(

2

), pp.

301

–

306

. 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025862.23609.6f

32.

Li

,

X.

,

Yang

,

Y.

, and

Cheng

,

X.

,

2004

, “

Ultrasonic-assisted Fabrication of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

39

(

9

), pp.

3211

–

3212

. 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00627-4

33.

Ying

,

D.

, and

Zhang

,

D.

,

2000

, “

Processing of Cu–Al₂O₃ Metal Matrix Nanocomposite Materials by Using High Energy Ball Milling

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

286

(

1

), pp.

152

–

156

. 10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.04.019

34.

Cao

,

Y.

,

Su

,

Q.

,

Che

,

R.

,

Du

,

G.

, and

Xu

,

B.

,

2012

, “

One-step Chemical Vapor Synthesis of Ni/Graphene Nanocomposites With Excellent Electromagnetic and Electrocatalytic Properties

,”

Synth. Met.

,

162

(

11–12

), pp.

968

–

973

. 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.04.074

35.

Joseph

,

M.

,

Tsotsos

,

C.

,

Baker

,

M.

,

Kench

,

P.

,

Rebholz

,

C.

,

Matthews

,

A.

, and

Leyland

,

A.

,

2005

, “

Characterisation and Tribological Evaluation of Nitrogen-Containing Molybdenum–Copper PVD Metallic Nanocomposite Films

,”

Surf. Coat. Technol.

,

190

(

2–3

), pp.

345

–

356

. 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)01071-8

36.

Kamat

,

P. V.

,

Flumiani

,

M.

, and

Dawson

,

A.

,

2002

, “

Metal–Metal and Metal–Semiconductor Composite Nanoclusters

,”

Colloids Surf., A

,

202

(

2–3

), pp.

269

–

279

37.

Roy

,

S.

,

Das

,

D.

,

Chakravorty

,

D.

, and

Agrawal

,

D.

,

1993

, “

Magnetic Properties of Glass-Metal Nanocomposites Prepared by the Sol-gel Route and Hot Pressing

,”

J. Appl. Phys.

,

74

(

7

), pp.

4746

–

4749

. 10.1063/1.354344

. www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1021

38.

Choa

,

Y.

,

Yoo

,

S.

,

Yang

,

J.

,

Park

,

J.

,

Oh

,

S.

,

Kang

,

K.

, and Kang, S.-G.

2007

, “

Effect of Powder Synthesis Processing on the Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity of Sintered CNTs/Fe/Al2O3 Nanocomposites

,”

Materials Science Forum

,

534–536

, pp.

1021

–

1024

39.

Schmidt

,

W. R.

,

Narsavage-Heald

,

D. M.

,

Jones

,

D. M.

,

Marchetti

,

P. S.

,

Raker

,

D.

, and

Maciel

,

G. E.

,

1999

, “

Poly (Borosilazane) Precursors to Ceramic Nanocomposites

,”

Chem. Mater.

,

11

(

6

), pp.

1455

–

1464

. 10.1021/cm980558u

. 10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00430-X

40.

Ennas

,

G.

,

Mei

,

A.

,

Musinu

,

A.

,

Piccaluga

,

G.

,

Pinna

,

G.

, and

Solinas

,

S.

,

1998

, “

Sol–gel Preparation and Characterization of Ni–SiO₂ Nanocomposites

,”

J. Non-Cryst. Solids

,

232

, pp.

587

–

593

41.

Timoshkov

,

I.

,

Kurmashev

,

V.

, and

Timoshkov

,

V.

,

2011

, “Electroplated Nanocomposites of High Wear Resistance for Advanced Systems Application,”

Advances in Nanocomposite Technology

,

A.

Hashim

, ed.,

IntechOpen.

,

Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

.

42.

Das

,

R. N.

,

Egitto

,

F. D.

,

Lauffer

,

J. M.

, and

Markovich

,

V. R.

,

2007

, “

Laser Micromachining of Nanocomposite-Based Flexible Embedded Capacitors

,”

2007 Proceedings 57th Electronic Components and Technology Conference

, pp.

435

–

441

.

43.

Udofia

,

E. N.

, and

Zhou

,

W.

,

2019

, “

A Guiding Framework for Microextrusion Additive Manufacturing

,”

ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.

,

141

(

5

), p.

050801

. 10.1115/1.4042607

. 10.1504/IJMR.2013.051840

44.

Bartkowiak

,

T.

, and

Brown

,

C. A.

,

2018

, “

A Characterization of Process–Surface Texture Interactions in Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining Using Multiscale Curvature Tensor Analysis

,”

ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.

,

140

(

2

). 10.1115/1.4037601

45.

Li

,

J.

,

Liu

,

J.

,

Liu

,

J.

,

Ji

,

Y.

, and

Xu

,

C.

,

2013

, “

Experimental Investigation on the Machinability of SiC Nano-Particles Reinforced Magnesium Nanocomposites During Micro-Milling Processes

,”

Int. J. Manuf. Res.

,

8

(

1

), pp.

64

–

84

. 10.1007/s00542-008-0656-6

46.

Brinksmeier

,

E.

,

Gläbe

,

R.

,

Riemer

,

O.

, and

Twardy

,

S.

,

2008

, “

Potentials of Precision Machining Processes for the Manufacture of Micro Forming Molds

,”

Microsyst. Technol.

,

14

(

12

), p.

1983

–

1987

47.

Baig

,

Z.

,

Mamat

,

O.

,

Mustapha

,

M.

,

Mumtaz

,

A.

,

Sarfraz

,

M.

, and

Haider

,

S.

,

2018

, “

An Efficient Approach to Address Issues of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Incorporation in Aluminium Powders and Their Compaction Behaviour

,”

Metals

,

8

(

2

), p.

90

. 10.3390/met8020090

. 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.02.020

48.

Kingston

,

C. T.

,

Jakubek

,

Z. J.

,

Dénommée

,

S.

, and

Simard

,

B.

,

2004

, “

Efficient Laser Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Through Laser Heating of the Condensing Vaporization Plume

,”

Carbon

,

42

(

8–9

), pp.

1657

–

1664

. 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.026

49.

Gustafsson

,

H.

,

Isaksson

,

S.

,

Altskär

,

A.

, and

Holmberg

,

K.

,

2016

, “

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles With Controllable Morphology Prepared From Oil-in-Water Emulsions

,”

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

,

467

, pp.

253

–

260

. 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.04.015

50.

Huang

,

M.

, and

Li

,

Z.

,

2006

, “

Influences of Particle Size and Interface Energy on the Stress Concentration Induced by the Oblate Spheroidal Particle and the Void Nucleation Mechanism

,”

Int. J. Solids Struct.

,

43

(

14–15

), pp.

4097

–

4115

51.

Zhou

,

W.

,

Yu

,

D.

,

Wang

,

C.

,

An

,

Q.

, and

Qi

,

S.

,

2008

, “

Effect of Filler Size Distribution on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Alumina-Filled Silicone Rubber

,”

Polym. Eng. Sci.

,

48

(

7

), pp.

1381

–

1388

.

. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.01.010

52.

Chisholm

,

N.

,

Mahfuz

,

H.

,

Rangari

,

V. K.

,

Ashfaq

,

A.

, and

Jeelani

,

S.

,

2005

, “

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Carbon/SiC-Epoxy Nanocomposites

,”

Compos. Struct.

,

67

(

1

), pp.

115

–

124

. 10.1002/app.1983.070281220

53.

Dekkers

,

M.

, and

Heikens

,

D.

,

1983

, “

The Effect of Interfacial Adhesion on the Tensile Behavior of Polystyrene–Glass-Bead Composites

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

28

(

12

), pp.

3809

–

3815

54.

Zhang

,

Q.

,

Tian

,

M.

,

Wu

,

Y.

,

Lin

,

G.

, and

Zhang

,

L.

,

2004

, “

Effect of Particle Size on the Properties of Mg (OH) 2-Filled Rubber Composites

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

94

(

6

), pp.

2341

–

2346

. 10.1002/app.21037

55.

Radford

,

K.

,

1971

, “

The Mechanical Properties of an Epoxy Resin With a Second Phase Dispersion

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

6

(

10

), pp.

1286

–

1291

.

56.

Spanoudakis

,

J.

, and

Young

,

R.

,

1984

, “

Crack Propagation in a Glass Particle-Filled Epoxy Resin

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

19

(

2

), pp.

473

–

486

.

57.

Nakamura

,

Y.

,

Yamaguchi

,

M.

,

Okubo

,

M.

, and

Matsumoto

,

T.

,

1992

, “

Effect of Particle Size on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin Filled With Angular-Shaped Silica

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

44

(

1

), pp.

151

–

158

.

58.

Lazzeri

,

A.

,

Thio

,

Y.

, and

Cohen

,

R.

,

2004

, “

Volume Strain Measurements on CaCO₃/Polypropylene Particulate Composites: The Effect of Particle Size

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

91

(

2

), pp.

925

–

935

. 10.1002/app.13268

59.

Suprapakorn

,

N.

,

Dhamrongvaraporn

,

S.

, and

Ishida

,

H.

,

1998

, “

Effect of CaCO₃ on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of a Ring-Opening Phenolic Resin: Polybenzoxazine

,”

Polym. Compos.

,

19

(

2

), pp.

126

–

132

. 10.1002/pc.10082

60.

Singh

,

R.

,

Zhang

,

M.

, and

Chan

,

D.

,

2002

, “

Toughening of a Brittle Thermosetting Polymer: Effects of Reinforcement Particle Size and Volume Fraction

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

37

(

4

), pp.

781

–

788

.

. 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.11.012

61.

Kitey

,

R.

, and

Tippur

,

H.

,

2005

, “

Role of Particle Size and Filler–Matrix Adhesion on Dynamic Fracture of Glass-Filled Epoxy. I. Macromeasurements

,”

Acta Mater.

,

53

(

4

), pp.

1153

–

1165

62.

Roulin-Moloney

,

A.

,

Cantwell

,

W.

, and

Kausch

,

H.

,

1987

, “

Parameters Determining the Strength and Toughness of Particulate-Filled Epoxy Resins

,”

Polym. Compos.

,

8

(

5

), pp.

314

–

323

. 10.1002/pc.750080506

. 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.03.024

63.

Onuegbu

,

G. C.

, and

Igwe

,

I. O.

,

2011

, “

The Effects of Filler Contents and Particle Sizes on the Mechanical and End-use Properties of Snail Shell Powder Filled Polypropylene

,”

Mater. Sci. Appl.

,

2

(

7

), pp.

811

–

817

.

64.

Devaprakasam

,

D.

,

Hatton

,

P.

,

Möbus

,

G.

, and

Inkson

,

B.

,

2008

, “

Effect of Microstructure of Nano-and Micro-Particle Filled Polymer Composites on Their Tribo-Mechanical Performance

,”

EMAG 2007

,

Glasgow Caledonian University & The University of Glasgow, Scotland

,

Sept. 3–7, 2007

, p.

012057

.

65.

Douce

,

J.

,

Boilot

,

J.-P.

,

Biteau

,

J.

,

Scodellaro

,

L.

, and

Jimenez

,

A.

,

2004

, “

Effect of Filler Size and Surface Condition of Nano-Sized Silica Particles in Polysiloxane Coatings

,”

Thin Solid Films

,

466

(

1–2

), pp.

114

–

122

66.

Edwards

,

D.

,

1990

, “

Polymer-filler Interactions in Rubber Reinforcement

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

25

(

10

), pp.

4175

–

4185

. 10.1007/BF00581070

67.

Kamigaito

,

O.

,

1991

, “

What Can be Improved by Nanometer Composites?

,”

J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Powder Metall.

,

38

(

3

), pp.

315

–

321

. 10.2497/jjspm.38.315

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.007

68.

Kumar

,

R. M.

,

Sharma

,

S. K.

,

Kumar

,

B. M.

, and

Lahiri

,

D.

,

2015

, “

Effects of Carbon Nanotube Aspect Ratio on Strengthening and Tribological Behavior of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

76

, pp.

62

–

72

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.09.011

69.

Chowdhury

,

S.

, and

Okabe

,

T.

,

2007

, “

Computer Simulation of Carbon Nanotube Pull-out From Polymer by the Molecular Dynamics Method

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

38

(

3

), pp.

747

–

754

70.

Yazdchi

,

K.

, and

Salehi

,

M.

,

2011

, “

The Effects of CNT Waviness on Interfacial Stress Transfer Characteristics of CNT/Polymer Composites

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

42

(

10

), pp.

1301

–

1309

.

71.

Xiao

,

K.

, and

Zhang

,

L.

,

2004

, “

The Stress Transfer Efficiency of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube in Epoxy Matrix

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

39

(

14

), pp.

4481

–

4486

.

72.

Li

,

K.

, and

Saigal

,

S.

,

2007

, “

Micromechanical Modeling of Stress Transfer in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer Composites

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

457

(

1-2

), pp.

44

–

57

.

73.

Cox

,

H.

,

1952

, “

The Elasticity and Strength of Paper and Other Fibrous Materials

,”

Br. J. Appl. Phys.

,

3

(

3

), pp.

72

.

. 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00471-3

74.

Fornes

,

T.

, and

Paul

,

D.

,

2003

, “

Modeling Properties of Nylon 6/Clay Nanocomposites Using Composite Theories

,”

Polymer

,

44

(

17

), pp.

4993

–

5013

75.

Bhattacharya

,

A.

,

Ganguly

,

K.

,

De

,

A.

, and

Sarkar

,

S.

,

1996

, “

A new Conducting Nanocomposite—PPy-Zirconium (IV) Oxide

,”

Mater. Res. Bull.

,

31

(

5

), pp.

527

–

530

.

76.

Yoo

,

S.

,

Han

,

S.

, and

Kim

,

W.

,

2013

, “

Strength and Strain Hardening of Aluminum Matrix Composites With Randomly Dispersed Nanometer-Length Fragmented Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Scr. Mater.

,

68

(

9

), pp.

711

–

714

.

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.06.008

77.

Choi

,

H.

,

Min

,

B.

,

Shin

,

J.

, and

Bae

,

D.

,

2011

, “

Strengthening in Nanostructured 2024 Aluminum Alloy and Its Composites Containing Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

42

(

10

), pp.

1438

–

1444

78.

Youssef

,

K. M.

,

Scattergood

,

R. O.

,

Murty

,

K. L.

,

Horton

,

J. A.

, and

Koch

,

C. C.

,

2005

, “

Ultrahigh Strength and High Ductility of Bulk Nanocrystalline Copper

,”

Appl. Phys. Lett.

,

87

(

9

), p.

091904

. 10.1063/1.2034122

79.

Nam

,

D. H.

,

Cha

,

S. I.

,

Lim

,

B. K.

,

Park

,

H. M.

,

Han

,

D. S.

, and

Hong

,

S. H.

,

2012

, “

Synergistic Strengthening by Load Transfer Mechanism and Grain Refinement of CNT/Al–Cu Composites

,”

Carbon

,

50

(

7

), pp.

2417

–

2423

.

80.

Ashby

,

M.

,

1970

, “

The Deformation of Plastically Non-Homogeneous Materials

,”

Philos. Mag.: J. Theor. Exp. Appl. Phys.

,

21

(

170

), pp.

399

–

424

.

81.

Nan

,

C.-W.

, and

Clarke

,

D.

,

1996

, “

The Influence of Particle Size and Particle Fracture on the Elastic/Plastic Deformation of Metal Matrix Composites

,”

Acta Mater.

,

44

(

9

), pp.

3801

–

3811

.

82.

Lloyd

,

D.

,

1994

, “

Particle Reinforced Aluminium and Magnesium Matrix Composites

,”

Int. Mater. Rev.

,

39

(

1

), pp.

1

–

23

.

83.

Barai

,

P.

, and

Weng

,

G. J.

,

2011

, “

A Theory of Plasticity for Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites

,”

Int. J. Plast.

,

27

(

4

), pp.

539

–

559

.

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.10.018

84.

Dong

,

S.

,

Zhou

,

J.

,

Hui

,

D.

,

Wang

,

Y.

, and

Zhang

,

S.

,

2015

, “

Size Dependent Strengthening Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

68

, pp.

356

–

364

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.12.002

85.

Han

,

B.

,

Sun

,

S.

,

Ding

,

S.

,

Zhang

,

L.

,

Yu

,

X.

, and

Ou

,

J.

,

2015

, “

Review of Nanocarbon-Engineered Multifunctional Cementitious Composites

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

70

, pp.

69

–

81

86.

Xie

,

X.-L.

,

Mai

,

Y.-W.

, and

Zhou

,

X.-P.

,

2005

, “

Dispersion and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix: A Review

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. R: Rep.

,

49

(

4

), pp.

89

–

112

.

87.

Iijima

,

S.

,

1991

, “

Helical Microtubules of Graphitic Carbon

,”

Nature

,

354

(

6348

), pp.

56

–

58

.

88.

Iijima

,

S.

, and

Ichihashi

,

T.

,

1993

, “

Single-shell Carbon Nanotubes of 1-nm Diameter

,”

Nature

,

363

(

6430

), pp.

603

–

605

.

89.

Singh

,

B.

,

Baburao

,

C.

,

Pispati

,

V.

,

Pathipati

,

H.

,

Muthy

,

N.

,

Prassana

,

S.

, and

Rathode

,

B. G.

,

2012

, “

Carbon Nanotubes. A Novel Drug Delivery System

,”

Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem.

,

2

(

2

), pp.

523

–

532

.

90.

Kumar

,

S.

,

Rani

,

R.

,

Dilbaghi

,

N.

,

Tankeshwar

,

K.

, and

Kim

,

K.-H.

,

2017

, “

Carbon Nanotubes: A Novel Material for Multifaceted Applications in Human Healthcare

,”

Chem. Soc. Rev.

,

46

(

1

), pp.

158

–

196

.

91.

Peng

,

L.-M.

,

Zhang

,

Z.

, and

Wang

,

S.

,

2014

, “

Carbon Nanotube Electronics: Recent Advances

,”

Mater. Today

,

17

(

9

), pp.

433

–

442

.

92.

De Volder

,

M. F.

,

Tawfick

,

S. H.

,

Baughman

,

R. H.

, and

Hart

,

A. J.

,

2013

, “

Carbon Nanotubes: Present and Future Commercial Applications

,”

Science

,

339

(

6119

), pp.

535

–

539

.

93.

Cebeci

,

H.

,

de Villoria

,

R. G.

,

Hart

,

A. J.

, and

Wardle

,

B. L.

,

2009

, “

Multifunctional Properties of High Volume Fraction Aligned Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites With Controlled Morphology

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

69

(

15–16

), pp.

2649

–

2656

.

94.

Allaoui

,

A.

,

Bai

,

S.

,

Cheng

,

H.-M.

, and

Bai

,

J.

,

2002

, “

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of a MWNT/Epoxy Composite

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

62

(

15

), pp.

1993

–

1998

.

95.

Samal

,

S. S.

, and

Bal

,

S.

,

2008

, “

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites—A Review

,”

J. Miner. & Mater. Charac. & Eng.

,

7

(

4

), pp.

355

–

370

.

96.

Silvestre

,

N.

,

2013

, “

State-of-the-Art Review on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

,”

Int. J. Compos. Mater.

,

3

(

6

), pp.

28

–

44

.

97.

Lu

,

W.

,

Zu

,

M.

,

Byun

,

J. H.

,

Kim

,

B. S.

, and

Chou

,

T. W.

,

2012

, “

State of the Art of Carbon Nanotube Fibers: Opportunities and Challenges

,”

Adv. Mater.

,

24

(

14

), pp.

1805

–

1833

. 10.1002/adma.201104672

98.

Gong

,

X.

,

Liu

,

J.

,

Baskaran

,

S.

,

Voise

,

R. D.

, and

Young

,

J. S.

,

2000

, “

Surfactant-assisted Processing of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites

,”

Chem. Mater.

,

12

(

4

), pp.

1049

–

1052

.

99.

Breton

,

Y.

,

Delpeux

,

S.

,

Benoit

,

R.

,

Salvetat

,

J.

,

Sinturel

,

C.

,

Beguin

,

F.

,

Bonnamy

,

S.

,

Desarmot

,

G.

, and

Boufendi

,

L.

,

2002

, “

Functionalization of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Properties of Nanotubes-Epoxy Composites

,”

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst.

,

387

(

1

), pp.

135

–

140

. 10.1080/10587250215234

100.

Zhu

,

J.

,

Peng

,

H.

,

Rodriguez-Macias

,

F.

,

Margrave

,

J. L.

,

Khabashesku

,

V. N.

,

Imam

,

A. M.

,

Lozano

,

K.

, and

Barrera

,

E. V.

,

2004

, “

Reinforcing Epoxy Polymer Composites Through Covalent Integration of Functionalized Nanotubes

,”

Adv. Funct. Mater.

,

14

(

7

), pp.

643

–

648

.

101.

Zhu

,

J.

,

Kim

,

J.

,

Peng

,

H.

,

Margrave

,

J. L.

,

Khabashesku

,

V. N.

, and

Barrera

,

E. V.

,

2003

, “

Improving the Dispersion and Integration of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Epoxy Composites Through Functionalization

,”

Nano Lett.

,

3

(

8

), pp.

1107

–

1113

. 10.1021/nl0342489

102.

Haggenmueller

,

R.

,

Zhou

,

W.

,

Fischer

,

J.

, and

Winey

,

K.

,

2003

, “

Production and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites With Highly Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

,”

J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

,

3

(

1–2

), pp.

105

–

110

.

. 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00387-7

103.

Tang

,

W.

,

Santare

,

M. H.

, and

Advani

,

S. G.

,

2003

, “

Melt Processing and Mechanical Property Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/High Density Polyethylene (MWNT/HDPE) Composite Films

,”

Carbon

,

41

(

14

), pp.

2779

–

2785

104.

Kanagaraj

,

S.

,

Varanda

,

F. R.

,

Zhil’tsova

,

T., Oliveira, M. S. A., and Simöes, J. A.

2007

, “

Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

67

(

15–16

), pp.

3071

–

3077

.

105.

Zeng

,

J.

,

Saltysiak

,

B.

,

Johnson

,

W.

,

Schiraldi

,

D. A.

, and

Kumar

,

S.

,

2004

, “

Processing and Properties of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)/Carbon Nano Fiber Composites

,”

Compos. Part B: Eng.

,

35

(

3

), pp.

245

–

249

.

. 10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00056-8

106.

Cooper

,

C. A.

,

Ravich

,

D.

,

Lips

,

D.

,

Mayer

,

J.

, and

Wagner

,

H. D.

,

2002

, “

Distribution and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibrils in a Polymer Matrix

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

62

(

7–8

), pp.

1105

–

1112

107.

Kumar

,

S.

,

Dang

,

T. D.

,

Arnold

,

F. E.

,

Bhattacharyya

,

A. R.

,

Min

,

B. G.

,

Zhang

,

X.

,

Vaia

,

R. A.

,

Park

,

C.

,

Adams

,

W. W.

,

Hauge

,

R. H.

, and

Smalley

,

R. E.

,

2002

, “

Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of PBO/SWNT Composites

,”

Macromolecules

,

35

(

24

), pp.

9039

–

9043

.

108.

Paiva

,

M.

,

Zhou

,

B.

,

Fernando

,

K.

,

Lin

,

Y.

,

Kennedy

,

J.

, and

Sun

,

Y.-P.

,

2004

, “

Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Polymer–Carbon Nanocomposites From Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Carbon

,

42

(

14

), pp.

2849

–

2854

.

. 10.1163/156855403763586819

109.

Roslaniec

,

Z.

,

Broza

,

G.

, and

Schulte

,

K.

,

2003

, “

Nanocomposites Based on Multiblock Polyester Elastomers (PEE) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)

,”

Compos. Interfaces

,

10

(

1

), pp.

95

–

102

. 10.1163/156855403771953650

110.

Pötschke

,

P.

,

Bhattacharyya

,

A. R.

,

Janke

,

A.

, and

Goering

,

H.

,

2003

, “

Melt Mixing of Polycarbonate/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Composites

,”

Compos. Interfaces

,

10

(

4–5

), pp.

389

–

404

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.013

111.

Meincke

,

O.

,

Kaempfer

,

D.

,

Weickmann

,

H.

,

Friedrich

,

C.

,

Vathauer

,

M.

, and

Warth

,

H.

,

2004

, “

Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Carbon-Nanotube Filled Polyamide-6 and Its Blends With Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene

,”

Polymer

,

45

(

3

), pp.

739

–

748

112.

Liu

,

T.

,

Phang

,

I. Y.

,

Shen

,

L.

,

Chow

,

S. Y.

, and

Zhang

,

W.-D.

,

2004

, “

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Nylon-6 Composites

,”

Macromolecules

,

37

(

19

), pp.

7214

–

7222

. 10.1021/ma049132t

113.

Bikiaris

,

D.

,

2010

, “

Microstructure and Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

,”

Materials

,

3

(

4

), pp.

2884

–

2946

. 10.3390/ma3042884

114.

Zhang

,

P.

,

Qiu

,

D.

,

Chen

,

H.

,

Sun

,

J.

,

Wang

,

J.

,

Qin

,

C.

, and

Dai

,

L.

,

2015

, “

Preparation of MWCNTs Grafted With Polyvinyl Alcohol Through Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Their Composite Fibers With Enhanced Mechanical Properties

,”

J. Mater. Chem. A

,

3

(

4

), pp.

1442

–

1449

.

115.

Gao

,

J.

,

Itkis

,

M. E.

,

Yu

,

A.

,

Bekyarova

,

E.

,

Zhao

,

B.

, and

Haddon

,

R. C.

,

2005

, “

Continuous Spinning of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube−Nylon Composite Fiber

,”

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

,

127

(

11

), pp.

3847

–

3854

.

116.

Fornes

,

T.

,

Baur

,

J.

,

Sabba

,

Y.

, and

Thomas

,

E.

,

2006

, “

Morphology and Properties of Melt-Spun Polycarbonate Fibers Containing Single-and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Polymer

,

47

(

5

), pp.

1704

–

1714

.

117.

Mishra

,

S.

,

Sonawane

,

S.

, and

Singh

,

R.

,

2005

, “

Studies on Characterization of Nano CaCO₃ Prepared by the In Situ Deposition Technique and Its Application in PP-Nano CaCO₃ Composites

,”

J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.

,

43

(

1

), pp.

107

–

113

. 10.1002/polb.20296

118.

Kearns

,

J. C.

, and

Shambaugh

,

R. L.

,

2002

, “

Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

86

(

8

), pp.

2079

–

2084

. 10.1002/app.11160

. 10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.044

119.

Chen

,

X.

,

Wang

,

J.

,

Lin

,

M.

,

Zhong

,

W.

,

Feng

,

T.

,

Chen

,

X.

,

Chen

,

J.

, and

Xue

,

F.

,

2008

, “

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced With Amino-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

492

(

1–2

), pp.

236

–

242

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.050

120.

Chae

,

H. G.

,

Minus

,

M. L.

, and

Kumar

,

S.

,

2006

, “

Oriented and Exfoliated Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Polyacrylonitrile

,”

Polymer

,

47

(

10

), pp.

3494

–

3504

121.

Shokrieh

,

M. M.

,

Saeedi

,

A.

, and

Chitsazzadeh

,

M.

,

2013

, “

Mechanical Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polyester Nanocomposites

,”

J. Nanostruct. Chem.

,

3

(

1

), p.

20

. 10.1186/2193-8865-3-20

. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.055

122.

Jyoti

,

J.

,

Basu

,

S.

,

Singh

,

B. P.

, and

Dhakate

,

S.

,

2015

, “

Superior Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene High Performance Composites

,”

Compos. Part B: Eng.

,

83

, pp.

58

–

65

123.

Shin

,

J.

,

Kim

,

C.

, and

Geckeler

,

K. E.

,

2009

, “

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Polystyrene Nanocomposites: Dispersing Nanotubes in Organic Media

,”

Polym. Int.

,

58

(

5

), pp.

579

–

583

. 10.1002/pi.2550

124.

Esawi

,

A. M.

,

Salem

,

H. G.

,

Hussein

,

H. M.

, and

Ramadan

,

A. R.

,

2010

, “

Effect of Processing Technique on the Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Within Polypropylene Carbon Nanotube-Composites and its Effect on Their Mechanical Properties

,”

Polym. Compos.

,

31

(

5

), pp.

772

–

780

.

125.

Chen

,

J.

,

Liu

,

B.

,

Gao

,

X.

, and

Xu

,

D.

,

2018

, “

A Review of the Interfacial Characteristics of Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes

,”

RSC Adv.

,

8

(

49

), pp.

28048

–

28085

.

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.04.021

126.

Gojny

,

F. H.

,

Wichmann

,

M. H.

,

Fiedler

,

B.

, and

Schulte

,

K.

,

2005

, “

Influence of Different Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Matrix Composites—A Comparative Study

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

65

(

15–16

), pp.

2300

–

2313

127.

Sennett

,

M.

,

Welsh

,

E.

,

Wright

,

J.

,

Li

,

W.

,

Wen

,

J.

, and

Ren

,

Z.

,

2001

, “

Dispersion and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Polycarbonate

,”

MRS Online Proc. Libr. Arch.

,

706

(

Z3.31.1

). 10.1557/PROC-706-Z3.31.1

128.

Jang

,

J.

,

Bae

,

J.

, and

Yoon

,

S.-H.

,

2003

, “

A Study on the Effect of Surface Treatment of Carbon Nanotubes for Liquid Crystalline Epoxide–Carbon Nanotube Composites

,”

J. Mater. Chem.

,

13

(

4

), pp.

676

–

681

. 10.1039/b212190e

. 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00078-2

129.

Feng

,

W.

,

Bai

,

X.

,

Lian

,

Y.

,

Liang

,

J.

,

Wang

,

X.

, and

Yoshino

,

K.

,

2003

, “

Well-aligned Polyaniline/Carbon-Nanotube Composite Films Grown by In-Situ Aniline Polymerization

,”

Carbon

,

41

(

8

), pp.

1551

–

1557

130.

Ajayan

,

P.

,

Stephan

,

O.

,

Colliex

,

C.

, and

Trauth

,

D.

,

1994

, “

Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays Formed by Cutting a Polymer Resin—Nanotube Composite

,”

Science

,

265

(

5176

), pp.

1212

–

1214

.

131.

Kimura

,

T.

,

Ago

,

H.

,

Tobita

,

M.

,

Ohshima

,

S.

,

Kyotani

,

M.

, and

Yumura

,

M.

,

2002

, “

Polymer Composites of Carbon Nanotubes Aligned by a Magnetic Field

,”

Adv. Mater.

,

14

(

19

), pp.

1380

–

1383

.

132.

Sen

,

R.

,

Zhao

,

B.

,

Perea

,

D.

,

Itkis

,

M. E.

,

Hu

,

H.

,

Love

,

J.

,

Bekyarova

,

E.

, and

Haddon

,

R. C.

,

2004

, “

Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polystyrene and Polyurethane Nanofibers and Membranes by Electrospinning

,”

Nano Lett.

,

4

(

3

), pp.

459

–

464

.

133.

Lynch

,

M. D.

, and

Patrick

,

D. L.

,

2002

, “

Organizing Carbon Nanotubes With Liquid Crystals

,”

Nano Lett.

,

2

(

11

), pp.

1197

–

1201

. 10.1021/nl025694j

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.01.015

134.

Vacha

,

J.

, and

Boruka

,

M.

,

2015

, “

Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix with Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Nanocon 2015

,

Brno, Czech Republic

,

Oct. 14–16

.

135.

Khan

,

S. U.

,

Pothnis

,

J. R.

, and

Kim

,

J.-K.

,

2013

, “

Effects of Carbon Nanotube Alignment on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

49

, pp.

26

–

34

136.

Khare

,

K. S.

,

Khabaz

,

F.

, and

Khare

,

R.

,

2014

, “

Effect of Carbon Nanotube Functionalization on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cross-Linked Epoxy–Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites: Role of Strengthening the Interfacial Interactions

,”

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

,

6

(

9

), pp.

6098

–

6110

137.

Wang

,

C.

,

Xu

,

J.

,

Yang

,

J.

,

Qian

,

Y.

, and

Liu

,

H.

,

2017

, “

In-situ Polymerization and Multifunctional Properties of Surface-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polyimide Nanocomposites

,”

High Perform. Polym.

,

29

(

7

), pp.

797

–

807

.

138.

Chen

,

Z.-K.

,

Yang

,

J.-P.

,

Ni

,

Q.-Q.

,

Fu

,

S.-Y.

, and

Huang

,

Y.-G.

,

2009

, “

Reinforcement of Epoxy Resins With Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhancing Cryogenic Mechanical Properties

,”

Polymer

,

50

(

19

), pp.

4753

–

4759

.

. 10.1177/0021998317745585

139.

Jangam

,

S.

,

Raja

,

S.

, and

Reddy

,

K. H.

,

2018

, “

Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Alignment on the Tensile Fatigue Behavior of Nanocomposites

,”

J. Compos. Mater.

,

52

(

17

), pp.

2365

–

2374

140.

Shiju

,

J.

,

Al-Sagheer

,

F.

,

Bumajdad

,

A.

, and

Ahmad

,

Z.

,

2018

, “

In-Situ Preparation of Aramid-Multiwalled CNT Nano-Composites: Morphology, Thermal Mechanical and Electric Properties

,”

Nanomaterials

,

8

(

5

), p.

309

. 10.3390/nano8050309

141.

Buffa

,

F.

,

Abraham

,

G. A.

,

Grady

,

B. P.

, and

Resasco

,

D.

,

2007

, “

Effect of Nanotube Functionalization on the Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polyurethane Composites

,”

J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.

,

45

(

4

), pp.

490

–

501

. 10.1002/polb.21069

142.

Gojny

,

F.

,

Wichmann

,

M.

,

Köpke

,

U.

,

Fiedler

,

B.

, and

Schulte

,

K.

,

2004

, “

Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy-Composites: Enhanced Stiffness and Fracture Toughness at Low Nanotube Content

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

64

(

15

), pp.

2363

–

2371

.

. 10.1016/j.cossms.2003.10.006

143.

Andrews

,

R.

, and

Weisenberger

,

M.

,

2004

, “

Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites

,”

Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci.

,

8

(

1

), pp.

31

–

37

. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.070

144.

Cha

,

J.

,

Jun

,

G. H.

,

Park

,

J. K.

,

Kim

,

J. C.

,

Ryu

,

H. J.

, and

Hong

,

S. H.

,

2017

, “

Improvement of Modulus, Strength and Fracture Toughness of CNT/Epoxy Nanocomposites Through the Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Compos. Part B: Eng.

,

129

, pp.

169

–

179

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.015

145.

Chen

,

Y.

,

Liu

,

B.

,

He

,

X.

,

Huang

,

Y.

, and

Hwang

,

K.

,

2010

, “

Failure Analysis and the Optimal Toughness Design of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

70

(

9

), pp.

1360

–

1367

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.04.007

146.

Ma

,

C.

,

Liu

,

H.-Y.

,

Du

,

X.

,

Mach

,

L.

,

Xu

,

F.

, and

Mai

,

Y.-W.

,

2015

, “

Fracture Resistance, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Composites Containing Aligned Carbon Nanotubes by Low Magnetic Field

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

114

, pp.

126

–

135

. 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.11.034

147.

Ayatollahi

,

M.

,

Shadlou

,

S.

, and

Shokrieh

,

M.

,

2011

, “

Fracture Toughness of Epoxy/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nano-Composites Under Bending and Shear Loading Conditions

,”

Mater. Des.

,

32

(

4

), pp.

2115

–

2124

. 10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.05.057

148.

Coto

,

B.

,

Antia

,

I.

,

Barriga

,

J.

,

Blanco

,

M.

, and

Sarasua

,

J.-R.

,

2013

, “

Influence of the Geometrical Properties of the Carbon Nanotubes on the Interfacial Behavior of Epoxy/CNT Composites: A Molecular Modelling Approach

,”

Comput. Mater. Sci.

,

79

, pp.

99

–

104

. 10.1016/S0167-6636(02)00200-4

149.

Liu

,

Y. J.

, and

Chen

,

X.

,

2003

, “

Evaluations of the Effective Material Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Based Composites Using a Nanoscale Representative Volume Element

,”

Mech. Mater.

,

35

(

1–2

), pp.

69

–

81

. 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.04.008

150.

Ayatollahi

,

M.

,

Shadlou

,

S.

,

Shokrieh

,

M.

, and

Chitsazzadeh

,

M.

,

2011

, “

Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Aspect Ratio on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites

,”

Polym. Test.

,

30

(

5

), pp.

548

–

556

. 10.1177/0021998312457198

151.

Inam

,

F.

,

Vo

,

T.

,

Jones

,

J. P.

, and

Lee

,

X.

,

2013

, “

Effect of Carbon Nanotube Lengths on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin: An Experimental Study

,”

J. Compos. Mater.

,

47

(

19

), pp.

2321

–

2330

. 10.1088/0957-4484/22/12/125702

152.

Hollertz

,

R.

,

Chatterjee

,

S.

,

Gutmann

,

H.

,

Geiger

,

T.

,

Nüesch

,

F.

, and

Chu

,

B.

,

2011

, “

Improvement of Toughness and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Composites With Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Industrially Relevant Processes

,”

Nanotechnology

,

22

(

12

), p.

125702

. 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.136

153.

Cho

,

S.-G.

, and

Ko

,

K.-C.

,

2010

, “

Surface Free Energy and Super-Hydrophobic Coating of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by 3: 1 TMCS/Toluene Glow Discharge Plasma Under Low Pressure

,”

Thin Solid Films

,

518

(

22

), pp.

6619

–

6623

. 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.072

154.

Nuriel

,

S.

,

Liu

,

L.

,

Barber

,

A.

, and

Wagner

,

H.

,

2005

, “

Direct Measurement of Multiwall Nanotube Surface Tension

,”

Chem. Phys. Lett.

,

404

(

4–6

), pp.

263

–

266

155.

Zhang

,

L.

,

Wang

,

J.

,

Fuentes

,

C. A.

,

Zhang

,

D.

,

Van Vuure

,

A. W.

,

Seo

,

J. W.

, and

Seveno

,

D.

,

2017

, “

Wettability of Carbon Nanotube Fibers

,”

Carbon

,

122

, pp.

128

–

140

.

156.

Atif

,

R.

, and

Inam

,

F.

,

2016

, “

Reasons and Remedies for the Agglomeration of Multilayered Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in Polymers

,”

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

,

7

(

1

), pp.

1174

–

1196

. 10.3762/bjnano.7.109

. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.099

157.

He

,

C.

,

Zhao

,

N.

,

Shi

,

C.

, and

Song

,

S.

,

2009

, “

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Al Matrix Composite Fabricated by In Situ Chemical Vapor Deposition

,”

J. Alloys Compd.

,

487

(

1–2

), pp.

258

–

262

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.002

158.

Kondoh

,

K.

,

Threrujirapapong

,

T.

,

Umeda

,

J.

, and

Fugetsu

,

B.

,

2012

, “

High-temperature Properties of Extruded Titanium Composites Fabricated From Carbon Nanotubes Coated Titanium Powder by Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Extrusion

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

72

(

11

), pp.

1291

–

1297

159.

Fukuda

,

H.

,

Kondoh

,

K.

,

Umeda

,

J.

, and

Fugetsu

,

B.

,

2011

, “

Interfacial Analysis Between Mg Matrix and Carbon Nanotubes in Mg–6 wt% Al Alloy Matrix Composites Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

71

(

5

), pp.

705

–

709

.

. 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.09.041

160.

Ostovan

,

F.

,

Matori

,

K. A.

,

Toozandehjani

,

M.

,

Oskoueian

,

A.

,

Yusoff

,

H. M.

,

Yunus

,

R.

,

Mohamed Ariff

,

A. H.

,

Quah

,

H. J.

, and

Lim

,

W. F.

,

2015

, “

Effects of CNTs Content and Milling Time on Mechanical Behavior of MWCNT-Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposites

,”

Mater. Chem. Phys.

,

166

, pp.

160

–

166

. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.062

161.

Simões

,

S.

,

Viana

,

F.

,

Reis

,

M. A.

, and

Vieira

,

M. F.

,

2015

, “

Influence of Dispersion/Mixture Time on Mechanical Properties of Al–CNTs Nanocomposites

,”

Compos. Struct.

,

126

, pp.

114

–

122

. 10.1088/0957-4484/23/41/415701

162.

Kwon

,

H.

, and

Leparoux

,

M.

,

2012

, “

Hot Extruded Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite Materials

,”

Nanotechnology

,

23

(

41

), p.

415701

. 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.014

163.

Wu

,

J.

,

Zhang

,

H.

,

Zhang

,

Y.

, and

Wang

,

X.

,

2012

, “

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Aluminum Composites Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

,”

Mater. Des.

,

41

, pp.

344

–

348

164.

Nguyen

,

J.

,

Wen

,

H.

,

Zhang

,

Z.

,

Yaghmaie

,

F.

, and

Lavernia

,

E.

,

2014

, “

Surfactant Assisted Dispersion and Adhesion Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes on Cu–Zr and Cu–Zr–Al Amorphous Powders

,”

J. Mater. Sci. Technol.

,

30

(

9

), pp.

847

–

853

.

165.

He

,

C.

,

Zhao

,

N.

,

Shi

,

C.

,

Du

,

X.

,

Li

,

J.

,

Li

,

H.

, and

Cui

,

Q.

,

2007

, “

An Approach to Obtaining Homogeneously Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes in Al Powders for Preparing Reinforced Al-Matrix Composites

,”

Adv. Mater.

,

19

(

8

), pp.

1128

–

1132

. 10.1002/adma.200601381

. 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.011

166.

Nai

,

M. H.

,

Wei

,

J.

, and

Gupta

,

M.

,

2014

, “

Interface Tailoring to Enhance Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Magnesium Composites

,”

Mater. Des.

,

60

, pp.

490

–

495

. 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.240

167.

Park

,

Y.

,

Cho

,

K.

,

Park

,

I.

, and

Park

,

Y.

,

2011

, “

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Matrix Composite Reinforced With Si Coated Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Proc. Eng.

,

10

, pp.

1446

–

1450

. 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63353-7

168.

Li

,

H.-p.

,

Fan

,

J.-w.

,

Kang

,

J.-l.

,

Zhao

,

N.-q.

,

Wang

,

X.-x.

, and

Li

,

B.-e.

,

2014

, “

In-situ Homogeneous Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes on Aluminum Matrix and Properties of Their Composites

,”

Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China

,

24

(

7

), pp.

2331

–

2336

. 10.1016/S1001-0521(07)60244-7

169.

Chunfeng

,

D.

,

Zhang

,

X.

,

Yanxia

,

M.

, and

Dezun

,

W.

,

2007

, “

Fabrication of Aluminum Matrix Composite Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Rare Met.

,

26

(

5

), pp.

450

–

455

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.030

170.

Esawi

,

A. M.

, and

El Borady

,

M. A.

,

2008

, “

Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Aluminium Strips

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

68

(

2

), pp.

486

–

492

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.007

171.

Laha

,

T.

,

Chen

,

Y.

,

Lahiri

,

D.

, and

Agarwal

,

A.

,

2009

, “

Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposite Fabricated by Plasma Spray Forming

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

40

(

5

), pp.

589

–

594

. 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.12.004

172.

Bakshi

,

S. R.

,

Singh

,

V.

,

Seal

,

S.

, and

Agarwal

,

A.

,

2009

, “

Aluminum Composite Reinforced With Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes From Plasma Spraying of Spray Dried Powders

,”

Surf. Coat. Technol.

,

203

(

10–11

), pp.

1544

–

1554

. 10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.073

173.

Daoush

,

W. M.

,

Lim

,

B. K.

,

Mo

,

C. B.

,

Nam

,

D. H.

, and

Hong

,

S. H.

,

2009

, “

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Copper Nanocomposites Fabricated by Electroless Deposition Process

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

513

, pp.

247

–

253

. 10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.085

174.

Kim

,

K. T.

,

Cha

,

S. I.

,

Hong

,

S. H.

, and

Hong

,

S. H.

,

2006

, “

Microstructures and Tensile Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cu Matrix Nanocomposites

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

430

(

1–2

), pp.

27

–

33

. 10.1023/A:1016662114589

175.

Tu

,

J.

,

Yang

,

Y.

,

Wang

,

L.

,

Ma

,

X.

, and

Zhang

,

X.

,

2001

, “

Tribological Properties of Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced Copper Composites

,”

Tribol. Lett.

,

10

(

4

), pp.

225

–

228

176.

Vishwanath

,

K.

,

Raji

,

G.

,

Shakiba

,

A.

, and

Murthy

,

S. K.

,

2018

, “

Mechanical Properties of Copper Nanocomposites Reinforced With Uncoated and Nickel Coated Carbon Nanotubes

,”

FME Trans.

,

46

(

4

), pp.

623

–

630

. 10.5937/fmet1804623K

. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.131

177.

Deng

,

H.

,

Yi

,

J.

,

Xia

,

C.

, and

Yi

,

Y.

,

2017

, “

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characterization of Well-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites

,”

J. Alloys Compd.

,

727

, pp.

260

–

268

. 10.1109/TNANO.2005.851397

178.

Shen

,

G.-R.

,

Cheng

,

Y.-T.

, and

Tsai

,

L.-N.

,

2005

, “

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-P-CNT's Nanocomposite Film for MEMS Applications

,”

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.

,

4

(

5

), pp.

539

–

547

. 10.1007/s10853-013-7897-1

179.

Nguyen

,

J.

,

Holland

,

T. B.

,

Wen

,

H.

,

Fraga

,

M.

,

Mukherjee

,

A.

, and

Lavernia

,

E.

,

2014

, “

Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–Carbon Nanotube Composite

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

49

(

5

), pp.

2070

–

2077

. 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.008

180.

Li

,

C.

,

Wang

,

X.

,

Liu

,

W.

,

Wu

,

K.

,

Shi

,

H.

,

Ding

,

C.

,

Hu

,

X. S.

, and

Zheng

,

M. Y.

,

2014

, “

Microstructure and Strengthening Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composite

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

597

, pp.

264

–

269

. 10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.071

181.

Goh

,

C.

,

Wei

,

J.

,

Lee

,

L.

, and

Gupta

,

M.

,

2006

, “

Simultaneous Enhancement in Strength and Ductility by Reinforcing Magnesium With Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

423

(

1–2

), pp.

153

–

156

182.

Zhou

,

M.

,

Qu

,

X.

,

Ren

,

L.

,

Fan

,

L.

,

Zhang

,

Y.

,

Guo

,

Y.

,

Quan

,

G.

,

Tang

,

Q.

,

Liu

,

B.

, and

Sun

,

H.

,

2017

, “

The Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical and Wear Properties of AZ31 Alloy

,”

Materials

,

10

(

12

), pp.

1385

. 10.3390/ma10121385

. 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.086

183.

Deng

,

C.

,

Ma

,

Y.

,

Zhang

,

P.

,

Zhang

,

X.

, and

Wang

,

D.

,

2008

, “

Thermal Expansion Behaviors of Aluminum Composite Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Mater. Lett.

,

62

(

15

), pp.

2301

–

2303

. 10.1126/science.1246501

184.

Bonaccorso

,

F.

,

Colombo

,

L.

,

Yu

,

G.

,

Stoller

,

M.

,

Tozzini

,

V.

,

Ferrari

,

A. C.

,

Ruoff

,

R. S.

, and

Pellegrini

,

V.

,

2015

, “

Graphene, Related Two-Dimensional Crystals, and Hybrid Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage

,”

Science

,

347

(

6217

), p.

1246501

. 10.1126/science.1157996

185.

Lee

,

C.

,

Wei

,

X.

,

Kysar

,

J. W.

, and

Hone

,

J.

,

2008

, “

Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene

,”

Science

,

321

(

5887

), pp.

385

–

388

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.042

186.

Balandin

,

A. A.

,

2011

, “

Thermal Properties of Graphene and Nanostructured Carbon Materials

,”

Nat. Mater.

,

10

(

8

), p.

569

–

581

187.

Potts

,

J. R.

,

Dreyer

,

D. R.

,

Bielawski

,

C. W.

, and

Ruoff

,

R. S.

,

2011

, “

Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites

,”

Polymer

,

52

(

1

), pp.

5

–

25

188.

Edwards

,

R. S.

, and

Coleman

,

K. S.

,

2013

, “

Graphene Synthesis: Relationship to Applications

,”

Nanoscale

,

5

(

1

), pp.

38

–

51

189.

Zhu

,

Y.

,

Murali

,

S.

,

Cai

,

W.

,

Li

,

X.

,

Suk

,

J. W.

,

Potts

,

J. R.

, and

Ruoff

,

R. S.

,

2010

, “

Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

,”

Adv. Mater.

,

22

(

35

), pp.

3906

–

3924

. 10.1002/adma.201001068

190.

Novoselov

,

K. S.

,

Fal

,

V.

,

Colombo

,

L.

,

Gellert

,

P.

,

Schwab

,

M.

, and

Kim

,

K.

,

2012

, “

A Roadmap for Graphene

,”

Nature

,

490

(

7419

), p.

192

–

200

. 10.1038/nature11458

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.065

191.

Zhang

,

Y.

,

Mark

,

J. E.

,

Zhu

,

Y.

,

Ruoff

,

R. S.

, and

Schaefer

,

D. W.

,

2014

, “

Mechanical Properties of Polybutadiene Reinforced With Octadecylamine Modified Graphene Oxide

,”

Polymer

,

55

(

21

), pp.

5389

–

5395

. 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.07.026

192.

Wu

,

S.

,

Ladani

,

R. B.

,

Zhang

,

J.

,

Bafekrpour

,

E.

,

Ghorbani

,

K.

,

Mouritz

,

A. P.

,

Kinloch

,

A. J.

, and

Wang

,

C. H.

,

2015

, “

Aligning Multilayer Graphene Flakes With an External Electric Field to Improve Multifunctional Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

,”

Carbon

,

94

, pp.

607

–

618

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.016

193.

Li

,

Z.

,

Chu

,

J.

,

Yang

,

C.

,

Hao

,

S.

,

Bissett

,

M. A.

,

Kinloch

,

I. A.

, and

Young

,

R. J.

,

2018

, “

Effect of Functional Groups on the Agglomeration of Graphene in Nanocomposites

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

163

, pp.

116

–

122

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038

194.

Kim

,

H.

, and

Macosko

,

C. W.

,

2009

, “

Processing-property Relationships of Polycarbonate/Graphene Composites

,”

Polymer

,

50

(

15

), pp.

3797

–

3809

195.

Kim

,

H.

, and

Macosko

,

C. W.

,

2008

, “

Morphology and Properties of Polyester/Exfoliated Graphite Nanocomposites

,”

Macromolecules

,

41

(

9

), pp.

3317

–

3327

. 10.1021/ma702385h

196.

Wakabayashi

,

K.

,

Pierre

,

C.

,

Dikin

,

D. A.

,

Ruoff

,

R. S.

,

Ramanathan

,

T.

,

Brinson

,

L. C.

, and

Torkelson

,

J. M.

,

2008

, “

Polymer−Graphite Nanocomposites: Effective Dispersion and Major Property Enhancement via Solid-State Shear Pulverization

,”

Macromolecules

,

41

(

6

), pp.

1905

–

1908

. 10.1021/ma071687b

197.

Klüppel

,

M.

,

2003

, “The Role of Disorder in Filler Reinforcement of Elastomers on Various Length Scales,”

Filler-Reinforced Elastomers/Sanning Force Microscopy

,

B.

Capella

,

M.

Geuss

,

M.

Klüppel

,

M.

Munz

,

E.

Schulz

, and

H.

Sturm

, eds.,

Springer

,

New York

, pp.

1

–

86

.

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.017

198.

Paul

,

D.

, and

Robeson

,

L. M.

,

2008

, “

Polymer Nanotechnology: Nanocomposites

,”

Polymer

,

49

(

15

), pp.

3187

–

3204

199.

Schadler

,

L.

,

Giannaris

,

S. a.

, and

Ajayan

,

P.

,

1998

, “

Load Transfer in Carbon Nanotube Epoxy Composites

,”

Appl. Phys. Lett.

,

73

(

26

), pp.

3842

–

3844

. 10.1063/1.122911

200.

Rafiee

,

M. A.

,

Rafiee

,

J.

,

Srivastava

,

I.

,

Wang

,

Z.

,

Song

,

H.

,

Yu

,

Z. Z.

, and

Koratkar

,

N.

,

2010

, “

Fracture and Fatigue in Graphene Nanocomposites

,”

Small

,

6

(

2

), pp.

179

–

183

. 10.1002/smll.200901480

. 10.1080/10601320903394397

201.

Pötschke

,

P.

,

Abdel-Goad

,

M.

,

Pegel

,

S.

,

Jehnichen

,

D.

,

Mark

,

J. E.

,

Zhou

,

D.

, and

Heinrich

,

G.

,

2009

, “

Comparisons among Electrical and Rheological Properties of Melt-Mixed Composites Containing Various Carbon Nanostructures

,”

J. Macromol. Sci. Part A

,

47

(

1

), pp.

12

–

19

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.054

202.

Wei

,

J.

,

Atif

,

R.

,

Vo

,

T.

, and

Inam

,

F.

,

2015

, “

Graphene Nanoplatelets in Epoxy System: Dispersion, Reaggregation, and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites

,”

J. Nanomater.

,

16

, pp.

374

.

203.

Li

,

Z.

,

Wang

,

R.

,

Young

,

R. J.

,

Deng

,

L.

,

Yang

,

F.

,

Hao

,

L.

,

Jiao

,

W.

, and

Liu

,

W.

,

2013

, “

Control of the Functionality of Graphene Oxide for Its Application in Epoxy Nanocomposites

,”

Polymer

,

54

(

23

), pp.

6437

–

6446

. 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.12.004

204.

Salom

,

C.

,

Prolongo

,

M.

,

Toribio

,

A.

,

Martínez-Martínez

,

A.

,

de Cárcer

,

I. A.

, and

Prolongo

,

S.

,

2018

, “

Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Behavior of Epoxy-Graphene Nanocomposites

,”

Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.

,

84

, pp.

119

–

125

205.

Corcione

,

C. E.

,

Freuli

,

F.

, and

Maffezzoli

,

A.

,

2013

, “

The Aspect Ratio of Epoxy Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced With Graphene Stacks

,”

Polym. Eng. Sci.

,

53

(

3

), pp.

531

–

539

. 10.1002/pen.23292

. 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.050

206.

Tang

,

L.-C.

,

Wan

,

Y.-J.

,

Yan

,

D.

,

Pei

,

Y.-B.

,

Zhao

,

L.

,

Li

,

Y.-B.

,

Wu

,

L.-B.

,

Jiang

,

J.-X.

, and

Lai

,

G.-Q.

,

2013

, “

The Effect of Graphene Dispersion on the Mechanical Properties of Graphene/Epoxy Composites

,”

Carbon

,

60

, pp.

16

–

27

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.04.015

207.

Rafiee

,

M. A.

,

Rafiee

,

J.

,

Wang

,

Z.

,

Song

,

H.

,

Yu

,

Z.-Z.

, and

Koratkar

,

N.

,

2009

, “

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites at Low Graphene Content

,”

ACS Nano

,

3

(

12

), pp.

3884

–

3890

208.

Wei

,

J.

, and

Inam

,

F.

,

2017

, “

Processing of Epoxy/Graphene Nanocomposites: Effects of Surfactants

,”

J. Polym. Sci. Appl.

,

1

(

1

), pp.

1

–

7

.

209.

Hong

,

N.

,

Zhan

,

J.

,

Wang

,

X.

,

Stec

,

A. A.

,

Hull

,

T. R.

,

Ge

,

H.

,

Xing

,

W.

,

Song

,

L.

, and

Hu

,

Y.

,

2014

, “

Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal and Flame Retardant Properties by Combining Graphene Nanosheets and Metal Hydroxide Nanorods for Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Copolymer Composite

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

64

, pp.

203

–

210

. 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.023

210.

Potts

,

J. R.

,

Lee

,

S. H.

,

Alam

,

T. M.

,

An

,

J.

,

Stoller

,

M. D.

,

Piner

,

R. D.

, and

Ruoff

,

R. S.

,

2011

, “

Thermomechanical Properties of Chemically Modified Graphene/Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Composites Made by In Situ Polymerization

,”

Carbon

,

49

(

8

), pp.

2615

–

2623

211.

Lago

,

E.

,

Toth

,

P. S.

,

Pugliese

,

G.

,

Pellegrini

,

V.

, and

Bonaccorso

,

F.

,

2016

, “

Solution Blending Preparation of Polycarbonate/Graphene Composite: Boosting the Mechanical and Electrical Properties

,”

RSC Adv.

,

6

(

100

), pp.

97931

–

97940

. 10.1039/C6RA21962D

212.

El Achaby

,

M.

, and

Qaiss

,

A.

,

2013

, “

Processing and Properties of Polyethylene Reinforced by Graphene Nanosheets and Carbon Nanotubes

,”

Mater. Des.

,

44

, pp.

81

–

89

.

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.017

213.

Kim

,

H.

,

Kobayashi

,

S.

,

AbdurRahim

,

M. A.

,

Zhang

,

M. J.

,

Khusainova

,

A.

,

Hillmyer

,

M. A.

,

Abdala

,

A. A.

, and

Macosko

,

C. W.

,

2011

, “

Graphene/Polyethylene Nanocomposites: Effect of Polyethylene Functionalization and Blending Methods

,”

Polymer

,

52

(

8

), pp.

1837

–

1846

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.03.002

214.

Piana

,

F.

, and

Pionteck

,

J.

,

2013

, “

Effect of the Melt Processing Conditions on the Conductive Paths Formation in Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Expanded Graphite (TPU/EG) Composites

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

80

, pp.

39

–

46

215.

Zhao

,

X.

,

Zhang

,

Q.

,

Chen

,

D.

, and

Lu

,

P.

,

2010

, “

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Graphene-Based Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composites

,”

Macromolecules

,

43

(

5

), pp.

2357

–

2363

. 10.1021/ma902862u

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.003

216.

Zaman

,

I.

,

Phan

,

T. T.

,

Kuan

,

H.-C.

,

Meng

,

Q.

,

La

,

L. T. B.

,

Luong

,

L.

,

Youssf

,

O.

, and

Ma

,

J.

,

2011

, “

Epoxy/Graphene Platelets Nanocomposites With Two Levels of Interface Strength

,”

Polymer

,

52

(

7

), pp.

1603

–

1611

. 10.1177/0021998313494102

217.

Leininger

,

W.

,

Wang

,

X.

, and

Tangpong

,

X.

,

2014

, “

Effects of MWCNT Reinforcement on Quasi-Static and Dynamic Tensile Properties of Epoxy

,”

J. Compos. Mater.

,

48

(

17

), pp.

2049

–

2057

. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.01.012

218.

Domun

,

N.

,

Hadavinia

,

H.

,

Zhang

,

T.

,

Sainsbury

,

T.

,

Liaghat

,

G.

, and

Vahid

,

S.

,

2015

, “

Improving the Fracture Toughness and the Strength of Epoxy Using Nanomaterials—A Review of the Current Status

,”

Nanoscale

,

7

(

23

), pp.

10294

–

10329

219.

Rafiee

,

M. A.

,

Lu

,

W.

,

Thomas

,

A. V.

,

Zandiatashbar

,

A.

,

Rafiee

,

J.

,

Tour

,

J. M.

, and

Koratkar

,

N. A.

,

2010

, “

Graphene Nanoribbon Composites

,”

ACS Nano

,

4

(

12

), pp.

7415

–

7420

220.

Wang

,

J.

,

Li

,

Z.

,

Fan

,

G.

,

Pan

,

H.

,

Chen

,

Z.

, and

Zhang

,

D.

,

2012

, “

Reinforcement With Graphene Nanosheets in Aluminum Matrix Composites

,”

Scr. Mater.

,

66

(

8

), pp.

594

–

597

. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.01.225

221.

Pérez-Bustamante

,

R.

,

Bolaños-Morales

,

D.

,

Bonilla-Martínez

,

J.

,

Estrada-Guel

,

I.

, and

Martínez-Sánchez

,

R.

,

2014

, “

Microstructural and Hardness Behavior of Graphene-Nanoplatelets/Aluminum Composites Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying

,”

J. Alloys Compd.

,

615

, pp.

S578

–

S582

. 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.380

222.

Ashwath

,

P.

, and

Xavior

,

M. A.

,

2014

, “

The Effect of Ball Milling & Reinforcement Percentage on Sintered Samples of Aluminium Alloy Metal Matrix Composites

,”

Proc. Eng.

,

97

, pp.

1027

–

1032

. 10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.043

223.

Bartolucci

,

S. F.

,

Paras

,

J.

,

Rafiee

,

M. A.

,

Rafiee

,

J.

,

Lee

,

S.

,

Kapoor

,

D.

, and

Koratkar

,

N.

,

2011

, “

Graphene–Aluminum Nanocomposites

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

528

(

27

), pp.

7933

–

7937

. 10.1088/0957-4484/25/32/325601

224.

Li

,

Z.

,

Fan

,

G.

,

Tan

,

Z.

,

Guo

,

Q.

,

Xiong

,

D.

,

Su

,

Y.

,

Li

,

Z.

, and

Zhang

,

D.

,

2014

, “

Uniform Dispersion of Graphene Oxide in Aluminum Powder by Direct Electrostatic Adsorption for Fabrication of Graphene/Aluminum Composites

,”

Nanotechnology

,

25

(

32

), pp.

325601

. 10.1177/0021998313518360

225.

Rashad

,

M.

,

Pan

,

F.

,

Tang

,

A.

,

Asif

,

M.

,

She

,

J.

,

Gou

,

J.

,

Mao

,

J.

, and

Hu

,

H.

,

2015

, “

Development of Magnesium-Graphene Nanoplatelets Composite

,”

J. Compos. Mater.

,

49

(

3

), pp.

285

–

293

. 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.066

226.

Kuang

,

D.

,

Xu

,

L.

,

Liu

,

L.

,

Hu

,

W.

, and

Wu

,

Y.

,

2013

, “

Graphene–Nickel Composites

,”

Appl. Surf. Sci.

,

273

, pp.

484

–

490

. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.052

227.

Zhai

,

W.

,

Shi

,

X.

,

Yao

,

J.

,

Ibrahim

,

A. M. M.

,

Xu

,

Z.

,

Zhu

,

Q.

,

Xiao

,

Y.

,

Chen

,

L.

, and

Zhang

,

Q.

,

2015

, “

Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of Multilayer Graphene Reinforced Ni₃Al Matrix Composites

,”

Compos. Part B: Eng.

,

70

, pp.

149

–

155

. 10.1016/0025-5416(86)90261-2

228.

Arsenault

,

R.

, and

Shi

,

N.

,

1986

, “

Dislocation Generation due to Differences Between the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng.

,

81

, pp.

175

–

187

229.

Rashad

,

M.

,

Pan

,

F.

, and

Asif

,

M.

,

2015

, “

Enhanced Tensile Properties of Magnesium Composites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng.: A

,

630

, pp.

36

–

44

.

. 10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.12.064

230.

Kumar

,

C. P.

,

Venkatesha

,

T.

, and

Shabadi

,

R.

,

2013

, “

Preparation and Corrosion Behavior of Ni and Ni–Graphene Composite Coatings

,”

Mater. Res. Bull.

,

48

(

4

), pp.

1477

–

1483

. 10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/065706

231.

Ren

,

Z.

,

Meng

,

N.

,

Shehzad

,

K.

,

Xu

,

Y.

,

Qu

,

S.

,

Yu

,

B.

, and

Luo

,

J. K.

,

2015

, “

Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Graphene Composites Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition

,”

Nanotechnology

,

26

(

6

), pp.

065706

. 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.038

232.

Lin

,

D.

,

Liu

,

C. R.

, and

Cheng

,

G. J.

,

2014

, “

Single-layer Graphene Oxide Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites by Laser Sintering: Microstructure and Mechanical Property Enhancement

,”

Acta Mater.

,

80

, pp.

183

–

193

. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.03.013

233.

Bastwros

,

M.

,

Kim

,

G.-Y.

,

Zhang

,

K.

, and

Wang

,

S.

,

2013

, “

Fabrication of Graphene Reinforced Aluminum Composite by Semi-Solid Processing

,”

ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition

,

San Diego, CA

,

Nov.15–21

, p. V02BT02A030.

234.

Song

,

Y.

,

Liu

,

W.

, and

Chen

,

Y.

,

2017

, “

Strengthening in a Copper Composite Containing Graphene Nanofillers

,”

AMRA 2016

,

Guangzhou, China

,

Dec. 18–21, 2016

, p.

012017

.

235.

Chen

,

L.-Y.

,

Konishi

,

H.

,

Fehrenbacher

,

A.

,

Ma

,

C.

,

Xu

,

J.-Q.

,

Choi

,

H.

,

Xu

,

H.-F.

,

Pfefferkorn

,

F. E.

, and

Li

,

X.-C.

,

2012

, “

Novel Nanoprocessing Route for Bulk Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

,”

Scr. Mater.

,

67

(

1

), pp.

29

–

32

236.

Hwang

,

J.

,

Yoon

,

T.

,

Jin

,

S. H.

,

Lee

,

J.

,

Kim

,

T. S.

,

Hong

,

S. H.

, and

Jeon

,

S.

,

2013

, “

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Graphene/Copper Nanocomposites Using a Molecular-Level Mixing Process

,”

Adv. Mater.

,

25

(

46

), pp.

6724

–

6729

. 10.1002/adma.201302495

. 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.061

237.

Tang

,

Y.

,

Yang

,

X.

,

Wang

,

R.

, and

Li

,

M.

,

2014

, “

Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Graphene–Copper Composites With Graphene–Nickel Hybrids

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

599

, pp.

247

–

254

. 10.1088/0957-4484/17/23/008

238.

Lim

,

B.

,

Kim

,

C.-j.

,

Kim

,

B.

,

Shim

,

U.

,

Oh

,

S.

,

Sung

,

B.-h.

,

Choi

,

J.-h.

, and

Baik

,

S.

,

2006

, “

The Effects of Interfacial Bonding on Mechanical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Copper Matrix Nanocomposites

,”

Nanotechnology

,

17

(

23

), pp.

5759

–

5764

. 10.1088/0953-8984/22/48/485301

239.

Xu

,

Z.

, and

Buehler

,

M. J.

,

2010

, “

Interface Structure and Mechanics Between Graphene and Metal Substrates: A First-Principles Study

,”

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

,

22

(

48

), p.

485301

. 10.1016/j.jma.2013.09.004

240.

Rashad

,

M.

,

Pan

,

F.

,

Tang

,

A.

,

Lu

,

Y.

,

Asif

,

M.

,

Hussain

,

S.

,

She

,

J.

,

Gou

,

J.

, and

Mao

,

J.

,

2013

, “

Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Addition on Strength and Ductility of Magnesium-Titanium Alloys

,”

J. Magnesium Alloys

,

1

(

3

), pp.

242

–

248

. 10.1007/s12541-014-0462-2

241.

Yan

,

S. J.

,

Yang

,

C.

,

Hong

,

Q. H.

,

Chen

,

J.-z.

,

Liu

,

D. B.

, and

Dai

,

S. L.

,

2011

, “

Research of Graphene-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites

,”

J. Mater. Eng.

,

1

(

4

), pp.

1

–

6

.

242.

Jeon

,

C.-H.

,

Jeong

,

Y.-H.

,

Seo

,

J.-J.

,

Tien

,

H. N.

,

Hong

,

S.-T.

,

Yum

,

Y.-J.

,

Hur

,

S.-H.

, and

Lee

,

K.-J.

,

2014

, “

Material Properties of Graphene/Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

,”

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

,

15

(

6

), pp.

1235

–

1239

. 10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.102

243.

Li

,

J.

,

Xiong

,

Y.

,

Wang

,

X.

,

Yan

,

S.

,

Yang

,

C.

,

He

,

W.

,

Chen

,

J. Z.

,

Wang

,

S. Q.

,

Zhang

,

X. Y.

, and

Dai

,

S. L.

,

2015

, “

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Bulk Nanostructured Aluminum/Graphene Composites Prepared via Cryomilling

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

626

, pp.

400

–

405

. 10.1007/s10853-014-8082-x

244.

Koltsova

,

T. S.

,

Nasibulina

,

L. I.

,

Anoshkin

,

I. V.

,

Mishin

,

V. V.

,

Kauppinen

,

E. I.

,

Tolochko

,

O. V.

, and

Nasibulin

,

A. G.

,

2012

, “

New Hybrid Copper Composite Materials Based on Carbon Nanostructures

,”

J. Mater. Sci. Eng. B

,

2

(

4

), pp.

240

–

246

.

245.

Pavithra

,

C. L.

,

Sarada

,

B. V.

,

Rajulapati

,

K. V.

,

Rao

,

T. N.

, and

Sundararajan

,

G.

,

2014

, “

A New Electrochemical Approach for the Synthesis of Copper-Graphene Nanocomposite Foils With High Hardness

,”

Sci. Rep.

,

4

(

1

), p.

4049

246.

Li

,

M.

,

Che

,

H.

,

Liu

,

X.

,

Liang

,

S.

, and

Xie

,

H.

,

2014

, “

Highly Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Cu Matrix Composites Reinforced With Graphene Decorated Metallic Nanoparticles

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

49

(

10

), pp.

3725

–

3731

. 10.1021/acsnano.5b01067

247.

Xiong

,

D.-B.

,

Cao

,

M.

,

Guo

,

Q.

,

Tan

,

Z.

,

Fan

,

G.

,

Li

,

Z.

, and

Zhang

,

D.

,

2015

, “

Graphene-and-Copper Artificial Nacre Fabricated by a Preform Impregnation Process: Bioinspired Strategy for Strengthening-Toughening of Metal Matrix Composite

,”

ACS Nano

,

9

(

7

), pp.

6934

–

6943

248.

Zhao

,

C.

, and

Wang

,

J.

,

2014

, “

Fabrication and Tensile Properties of Graphene/Copper Composites Prepared by Electroless Plating for Structrual Applications

,”

Phys. Status Solidi (a)

,

211

(

12

), pp.

2878

–

2885

. 10.1002/pssa.201431478

. 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.028

249.

Rashad

,

M.

,

Pan

,

F.

,

Asif

,

M.

, and

Tang

,

A.

,

2014

, “

Powder Metallurgy of Mg–1% Al–1% Sn Alloy Reinforced With Low Content of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs)

,”

J. Ind. Eng. Chem.

,

20

(

6

), pp.

4250

–

4255

250.

Giannelis

,

E. P.

,

1992

, “

A new Strategy for Synthesizing Polymer-Ceramic Nanocomposites

,”

JOM

,

44

(

3

), pp.

28

–

30

. 10.1007/BF03222789

. 10.1002/app.1993.070490715

251.

Kojima

,

Y.

,

Usuki

,

A.

,

Kawasumi

,

M.

,

Okada

,

A.

,

Kurauchi

,

T.

, and

Kamigaito

,

O.

,

1993

, “

Sorption of Water in Nylon 6-Clay Hybrid

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

49

(

7

), pp.

1259

–

1264

252.

Vaia

,

R. A.

,

Ishii

,

H.

, and

Giannelis

,

E. P.

,

1993

, “

Synthesis and Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanostructures by Direct Intercalation of Polymer Melts in Layered Silicates

,”

Chem. Mater.

,

5

(

12

), pp.

1694

–

1696

. 10.1021/cm00036a004

253.

Messersmith

,

P. B.

, and

Giannelis

,

E. P.

,

1994

, “

Synthesis and Characterization of Layered Silicate-Epoxy Nanocomposites

,”

Chem. Mater.

,

6

(

10

), pp.

1719

–

1725

. 10.1021/cm00046a026

. 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90138-4

254.

Biasci

,

L.

,

Aglietto

,

M.

,

Ruggeri

,

G.

, and

Ciardelli

,

F.

,

1994

, “

Functionalization of Montmorillonite by Methyl Methacrylate Polymers Containing Side-Chain Ammonium Cations

,”

Polymer

,

35

(

15

), pp.

3296

–

3304

255.

Jimenez

,

G.

,

Ogata

,

N.

,

Kawai

,

H.

, and

Ogihara

,

T.

,

1997

, “

Structure and Thermal/Mechanical Properties of Poly (ɛ-Caprolactone)-Clay Blend

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

64

(

11

), pp.

2211

–

2220

.

. 10.1023/A:1018526131023

256.

Kurokawa

,

Y.

,

Yasuda

,

H.

,

Kashiwagi

,

M.

, and

Oyo

,

A.

,

1997

, “

Structure and Properties of a Montmorillonite/Polypropylene Nanocomposite

,”

J. Mater. Sci. Lett.

,

16

(

20

), pp.

1670

–

1672

257.

Wang

,

Z.

, and

Pinnavaia

,

T. J.

,

1998

, “

Nanolayer Reinforcement of Elastomeric Polyurethane

,”

Chem. Mater.

,

10

(

12

), pp.

3769

–

3771

. 10.1021/cm980448n

258.

Zhu

,

Z. K.

,

Yang

,

Y.

,

Yin

,

J.

,

Wang

,

X. Y.

,

Ke

,

Y. C.

, and

Qi

,

Z. N.

,

1999

, “

Preparation and Properties of Organosoluble Montmorillonite/Polyimide Hybrid Materials

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

73

(

11

), pp.

2063

–

2068

.

259.

Agubra

,

V.

,

Owuor

,

P.

, and

Hosur

,

M.

,

2013

, “

Influence of Nanoclay Dispersion Methods on the Mechanical Behavior of E-Glass/Epoxy Nanocomposites

,”

Nanomaterials

,

3

(

3

), pp.

550

–

563

. 10.3390/nano3030550

. 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02351.x

260.

Choi

,

R. N.

,

Cheigh

,

C. I.

,

Lee

,

S. Y.

, and

Chung

,

M. S.

,

2011

, “

Preparation and Properties of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites for Food Packaging

,”

J. Food Sci.

,

76

(

8

), pp.

N62

–

N67

. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.12.020

261.

Wang

,

L.

,

Wang

,

K.

,

Chen

,

L.

,

Zhang

,

Y.

, and

He

,

C.

,

2006

, “

Preparation, Morphology and Thermal/Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Nanoclay Composite

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

37

(

11

), pp.

1890

–

1896

. 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.03.023

262.

Peeterbroeck

,

S.

,

Alexandre

,

M.

,

Jérôme

,

R.

, and

Dubois

,

P.

,

2005

, “

Poly (Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate)/Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Clay Nature and Organic Modifiers on Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

,”

Polym. Degrad. Stab.

,

90

(

2

), pp.

288

–

294

. 10.1007/s00397-009-0375-7

263.

Abbasi

,

S.

,

Carreau

,

P. J.

,

Derdouri

,

A.

, and

Moan

,

M.

,

2009

, “

Rheological Properties and Percolation in Suspensions of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Polycarbonate

,”

Rheol. Acta

,

48

(

9

), p.

943

–

959

. 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.007

264.

Khalaj

,

M.-J.

,

Ahmadi

,

H.

,

Lesankhosh

,

R.

, and

Khalaj

,

G.

,

2016

, “

Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Application: Nano-Clay Modified With Iron Nanoparticles

,”

Trends Food Sci. Technol.

,

51

, pp.

41

–

48

. 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00552-3

265.

Fornes

,

T.

,

Yoon

,

P.

,

Keskkula

,

H.

, and

Paul

,

D.

,

2001

, “

Nylon 6 Nanocomposites: The Effect of Matrix Molecular Weight

,”

Polymer

,

42

(

25

), pp.

09929

–

09940

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.049

266.

Finnigan

,

B.

,

Martin

,

D.

,

Halley

,

P.

,

Truss

,

R.

, and

Campbell

,

K.

,

2004

, “

Morphology and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites Incorporating Hydrophilic Layered Silicates

,”

Polymer

,

45

(

7

), pp.

2249

–

2260

. 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.10.027

267.

Zamanian

,

M.

,

Mortezaei

,

M.

,

Salehnia

,

B.

, and

Jam

,

J.

,

2013

, “

Fracture Toughness of Epoxy Polymer Modified With Nanosilica Particles: Particle Size Effect

,”

Eng. Fract. Mech.

,

97

, pp.

193

–

206

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.038

268.

Johnsen

,

B.

,

Kinloch

,

A.

,

Mohammed

,

R.

,

Taylor

,

A.

, and

Sprenger

,

S.

,

2007

, “

Toughening Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Modified Epoxy Polymers

,”

Polymer

,

48

(

2

), pp.

530

–

541

269.

Svoboda

,

P.

,

Zeng

,

C.

,

Wang

,

H.

,

Lee

,

L. J.

, and

Tomasko

,

D. L.

,

2002

, “

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites

,”

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

,

85

(

7

), pp.

1562

–

1570

. 10.1002/app.10789

. 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.243

270.

Singh

,

S. K.

,

Kumar

,

A.

, and

Jain

,

A.

,

2018

, “

Improving Tensile and Flexural Properties of SiO₂-Epoxy Polymer Nanocomposite

,”

Mater. Today: Proc.

,

5

(

2

), pp.

6339

–

6344

. 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.048

271.

Hsieh

,

T.

,

Kinloch

,

A.

,

Masania

,

K.

,

Taylor

,

A.

, and

Sprenger

,

S.

,

2010

, “

The Mechanisms and Mechanics of the Toughening of Epoxy Polymers Modified With Silica Nanoparticles

,”

Polymer

,

51

(

26

), pp.

6284

–

6294

. 10.1007/s10853-007-1768-6

272.

Blackman

,

B.

,

Kinloch

,

A.

,

Lee

,

J. S.

,

Taylor

,

A.

,

Agarwal

,

R.

,

Schueneman

,

G.

, and

Sprenger

,

S.

,

2007

, “

The Fracture and Fatigue Behaviour of Nano-Modified Epoxy Polymers

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

42

(

16

), pp.

7049

–

7051

273.

Eustathopoulos

,

N.

,

Nicholas

,

M. G.

, and

Drevet

,

B.

,

1999

,

Wettability at High Temperatures

, Vol.

3

,

Elsevier

,

New York

.

274.

Aikin

,

R.

,

1997

, “

The Mechanical Properties of in-Situ Composites

,”

JOM

,

49

(

8

), p.

35

–

39

. 10.1007/BF02914400

. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.036

275.

Zhao

,

Y.-T.

,

Zhang

,

S.-L.

,

Chen

,

G.

,

Cheng

,

X.-N.

, and

Wang

,

C.-Q.

,

2008

, “

In Situ (Al₂O₃+ Al₃Zr)_np/Al Nanocomposites Synthesized by Magneto-Chemical Melt Reaction

,”

Compos. Sci. Technol.

,

68

(

6

), pp.

1463

–

1470

276.

Stinton

,

D.P.

,

Besmann

,

T.M.

, and

Lowden

,

R.A.

,

1988

, “

Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques

,”

MRS Bulletin

,

13

(

11

), pp.

45

–

51

.

. 10.1016/j.mser.2004.07.001

277.

Tjong

,

S.

, and

Chen

,

H.

,

2004

, “

Nanocrystalline Materials and Coatings

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Rep.

,

45

(

1–2

), pp.

1

–

88

. 10.1023/A:1018640911556

278.

Alexandrescu

,

R.

,

Borsella

,

E.

,

Botti

,

S.

,

Cesile

,

M.

,

Martelli

,

S.

,

Giorgi

,

R.

,

TURTU

S

,

ZAPPA

G

,

1997

, “

Synthesis of TiC and SiC/TiC Nanocrystalline Powders by Gas-Phase Laser-Induced Reaction

,”

J. Mater. Sci.

,

32

(

21

), pp.

5629

–

5635

279.

Koli

,

D. K.

,

Agnihotri

,

G.

, and

Purohit

,

R.

,

2013

, “

Properties and Characterization of Al-Al₂O₃ Composites Processed by Casting and Powder Metallurgy Routes

,”

Int. J. Latest Trends Eng. Technol.

,

2

(

4

), pp.

486

–

496

.

280.

Sajjadi

,

S. A.

, and

Zebarjad

,

S. M.

,

2008

, “

Synthesis of Al-Al2O3 Nano-Composite by Mechanical Alloying and Evaluation of the Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

,”

ICMN08.

,

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

,

May 13–15

.

281.

Zeng

,

X.

,

Liu

,

W.

,

Xu

,

B.

,

Shu

,

G.

, and

Li

,

Q.

,

2018

, “

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–SiC Nanocomposites Synthesized by Surface-Modified Aluminium Powder

,”

Metals

,

8

(

4

), p.

253

. 10.3390/met8040253

. 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.02.002

282.

Kang

,

Y.-C.

, and

Chan

,

S. L.-I.

,

2004

, “

Tensile Properties of Nanometric Al₂O₃ Particulate-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

,”

Mater. Chem. Phys.

,

85

(

2–3

), pp.

438

–

443

. 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00897-2

283.

Jia

,

D.

,

2000

, “

Influence of SiC Particulate Size on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al–6Ti–6Nb Matrix Composites

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

289

(

1–2

), pp.

83

–

90

. 10.1016/j.msea.2005.07.056

284.

Tang

,

F.

,

Hagiwara

,

M.

, and

Schoenung

,

J. M.

,

2005

, “

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Bulk Nanostructured Al-5083/SiCp Composites Prepared by Cryomilling

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

407

(

1–2

), pp.

306

–

314

. 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.054

285.

Hsu

,

C.

,

Chang

,

C.

,

Kao

,

P.

,

Ho

,

N.

, and

Chang

,

C.

,

2006

, “

Al–Al3Ti Nanocomposites Produced In Situ by Friction Stir Processing

,”

Acta Mater.

,

54

(

19

), pp.

5241

–

5249

. 10.1007/s12666-013-0340-0

286.

Rai

,

R.

,

Saha

,

S.

,

Datta

,

G.

, and

Chakraborty

,

M.

,

2016

, “

Studies on Synthesis of In-Situ Al-TiC Metal Matrix Composites

,”

ICASP-4

,

Windsor, UK

,

July 8–11, 2014

, p.

012042

.

287.

Poovazhagan

,

L.

,

Kalaichelvan

,

K.

, and

Rajadurai

,

A.

,

2014

, “

Preparation of SiC Nano-Particulates Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites by High Intensity Ultrasonic Cavitation Process

,”

Trans. Indian Inst. Met.

,

67

(

2

), pp.

229

–

237

288.

Wong

,

W. E.

, and

Gupta

,

M.

,

2006

, “

Simultaneously Improving Strength and Ductility of Magnesium Using Nano-Size SiC Particulates and Microwaves

,”

Adv. Eng. Mater.

,

8

(

8

), pp.

735

–

740

. 10.1002/adem.200500209

. 10.1007/s11661-007-9453-6

289.

Cao

,

G.

,

Kobliska

,

J.

,

Konishi

,

H.

, and

Li

,

X.

,

2008

, “

Tensile Properties and Microstructure of SiC Nanoparticle–Reinforced Mg-4Zn Alloy Fabricated by Ultrasonic Cavitation–Based Solidification Processing

,”

Metall. Mater. Trans. A

,

39

(

4

), pp.

880

–

886

. 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01283-1

290.

Ferkel

,

H.

, and

Mordike

,

B.

,

2001

, “

Magnesium Strengthened by SiC Nanoparticles

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

298

(

1–2

), pp.

193

–

199

291.

Vanarotti

,

M.

,

Shrishail

,

P.

,

Sridhar

,

B.R.

,

Venkateswarlu

,

K.

, and

Kori

,

S.A.

,

2014

, “

Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminium Alloy A356 and Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composite

,”

Procedia Materials Science

,

5

, pp.

873

–

882

.

. 10.3844/ajassp.2013.219.229

292.

Boopathi

,

M. M.

,

Arulshri

,

K.

, and

Iyandurai

,

N.

,

2013

, “

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy 2024 Reinforced With Silicon Carbide and Fly Ash Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

,”

Am. J. Appl. Sci.

,

10

(

3

), p.

219

–

229

. 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.073

293.

Yang

,

Y.

,

Lan

,

J.

, and

Li

,

X.

,

2004

, “

Study on Bulk Aluminum Matrix Nano-Composite Fabricated by Ultrasonic Dispersion of Nano-Sized SiC Particles in Molten Aluminum Alloy

,”

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

,

380

(

1–2

), pp.

378

–

383

294.

Kumar

,

N. R.

, and

Dwarakadasa

,

E.

,

2000

, “

Effect of Matrix Strength on the Mechanical Properties of Al–Zn–Mg/SiCP Composites

,”

Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf.

,

31

(

10

), pp.

1139

–

1145

.

. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.056

295.

Lee

,

C.

,

Huang

,

J.

, and

Hsieh

,

P.

,

2006

, “

Mg Based Nano-Composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

,”

Scr. Mater.

,

54

(

7

), pp.

1415

–

1420