...Aditi Oza; Sudipto Ghosh; Kanchan Chowdhury It is essential to maintain cleanliness in an oxygen system as many accidents occurring in oxygen-enriched environment indicate contamination as a major source of ignition. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses show that valve seats, T-joints...

... or a pipe or between each other. It is suspected to be the cause of many industrial incidents and accidents and is recognized to be an industrial hazard. The contamination of particles in an unclean oxygen system, particularly with bends, valves, and regulators, makes it vulnerable to a fire hazard...

...Etienne Werlen; Frédéric Crayssac; Olivier Longuet; Fabien Willot Impact tests in liquid oxygen and oxygen enriched liquids have been conducted on aluminum foils (0.2 mm thick) used for heat exchangers of air separation units (ASUs). Some adaptations to the ASTM Standard D2512, “Standard Test...

...Elliot T. Forsyth; Barry E. Newton; Gwenael J. A. Chiffoleau; Brendan Brophy Over time, oxygen has been used with increasing frequency in the steel industry. Applications include basic oxygen furnaces, electric arc furnaces, scrap melting, lancing operations, and slab-cutting operations. Because...

...Joseph W. Slusser Improper selection of materials of construction for oxygen and other strong oxidizer applications can result in sudden catastrophic failure. Many available materials are flammable and will burn in oxidizer systems if sufficient ignition energy is provided. Because these combustion...

...Kyle M. Sparks; Joel M. Stoltzfus; Theodore A. Steinberg; David Lynn Promoted ignition testing [1–3] is used to determine the relative flammability of metal rods in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. In these tests, a promoter is used to ignite each metal rod to start the sample burning. Experiments were...

...M. Carré; H. Barthélémy; J. Bruat; S. Lombard; O. Longuet; J. P. Schaaff Non-metallic materials (plastics, elastomers, and lubricants) are known to be the most critical ones in terms of safety in high pressure oxygen distribution systems. When proper oxygen system design guidelines are not followed...

...Barry E. Newton; Ted Steinberg Adiabatic compression testing of components in gaseous oxygen is a test method that is utilized worldwide and is commonly required to qualify a component for ignition tolerance under its intended service. This testing is required by many industry standards...

...Aditi Oza; Sudipto Ghosh; Kanchan Chowdhury Contamination particles make an oxygen system more vulnerable to fire hazard as they provide a large surface area with reduced minimum energy of ignition. Adiabatic compression, resonance, solid friction, flow friction, and promoted ignition have acted...

...Kyle Sparks; Timothy Gallus; Sarah Smith Electrical arc ignition is a concern for materials used in low pressure oxygen-enriched environments such as inside spacecraft. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center requested that the NASA White Sands Test Facility...

...Gwenael J. A. Chiffoleau; Jared D. Hooser; Barry E. Newton; Alain Colson Currently, no test standard exists for quantifying the ignitability of metallic materials in oxygen. Metallic materials are consistently used at oxygen pressures significantly greater than their associated burn limits. Oxygen...

...Barry E. Newton; Gwenael J. A. Chiffoleau; Ted Steinberg; Christian Binder Adiabatic compression testing of components in gaseous oxygen is a test method that is utilized worldwide and is commonly required to qualify a component for ignition tolerance under its intended service. This testing...

... transfer, causing faster melting. Findings relating to the application of standard flammability test results in industrial situations are also presented. 17 01 2007 28 03 2007 16 05 2007 geometry statistical method promoted-ignition oxygen mild steel standard test...

...MJ Slockers; R Robles-Culbreth Material flammability is thought to increase with increasing oxygen concentration, increasing pressure, and increasing temperature. Interest in the effects of increasing pressure and increasing sample temperature on the flammability of metals led to an industry...

... was requested by JSC to conduct arc-ignition tests on multiple EMU materials placed in varying oxygen concentrations. Because understanding the ignitability of materials requires simulating the worst-case scenario, three test methods were developed to understand what conditions were the most severe. The most...

...K Rosales; M Shoffstall; J Stoltzfus Fire hazards are inherent in oxygen systems. Therefore, a systematic approach to identify and address these fire hazards is essential to protecting personnel and equipment. The oxygen compatibility assessment process (previously known as the oxygen hazards...

...H Barthélémy One of the most frequently asked questions in the oxygen compatibility world is whether aluminum is compatible with oxygen. The answer is yes for high pressure aluminum alloy (AA) cylinders, and this is proven by the fact that several million AA cylinders are safely used around...

...J Stoltzfus Fires in three P-3 air craft oxygen systems have occurred: one in the Royal Australian Air Force in 1984 and two in the U.S. Navy in 1998 and 2003. All three fires started in the aluminum manifold and check valve (MCV) assembly and produced similar damages to the aircraft in which...

...G Chiffoleau; B Newton; NJH Holroyd; S Havercroft Published reports of burning aluminum in oxygen using ASTM G 124-type testing demonstrated that aluminum alloys are difficult to ignite but once ignited are extremely flammable in terms of regression rate and energy release. The ignition resistance...

...ET Forsyth; BE Newton; G Chiffoleau Performing analyses of the fire hazards in oxygen systems is critical to avoiding fires. Over the years, several systematic approaches to analyzing fire hazards in oxygen systems have been proposed and analysis methodologies for oxygen systems have become more...