Abstract

Among wear resistant coatings and deposition techniques physical vapour deposition of hard thin coatings and high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying of thick WC-Co-based powder coating have provided good wear protection against various types of wear including impact wear. Three different substrate and coating systems—hard metal-coating, cold work tool steel-coating and nitrided steel-coating—were studied. Mono- and multilayer coatings as well as duplex coatings were selected for testing. For characterization of coating systems nanohardness and microhardness as well as Rockwell adhesion test and single point indentation methods were used. Wear resistance of coatings was determined considering impact wear. The best adhesion determined by indentation was demonstrated by monolayer coating (TiN) on a hard metal substrate; the same coating system has a higher impact wear resistance. The coatings with multilayer structure (TiAlN) demonstrate better cracking resistance. Resistance to cracking as well as to impact wear depends on coating E/H ratio (at lower loads) as well as on substrate material E/H ratio (at higher loads). For characterization of resistance to plastic deformation for substrate Hs3Es2 ratio was used. The obtained data enable a comparison of cracking and impact wear resistance of a coated system and selection of an optimal coating for metal forming tools applications.

Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
physical vapor deposition, hard coatings, indentation, cracking, impact wear

References

1.
VDI 3198:1992–08,
1991
, “
Coating (CVD, PVD) of Cold Forging Tools
,” VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf.
2.
McGuire
,
G. E.
,
Rossnagel
,
S. M.
, and
Bunshah
,
R. F.
,
Handbook of Hard Coatings
,
Noyes
,
Bracknell, UK
,
2001
.
3.
Sacher
,
G.
, and
Zenker
,
R.
 “
Subsequent Heat Treatment of Hard Coated Steels by Electron on Laser Beam
,”
German-Russian Workshop on “Tribology and Surface Engineering: Theory, Experiment, Technologies
,”
Berlin University of Technology
, March 28–30,
2007
.
4.
Zoestbergen
,
E.
, and
De Hosson
,
J. T. M.
, “
Crack Resistance of PVD Coatings: Influence of Surface Treatment Prior to Deposition
,”
Surf. Eng.
, Vol.
18
,
2002
, pp.
283
–
288
. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708402225006169
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
5.
Karneva
,
U.
,
Laberbom
,
J.
, and
Vuoristo
,
P.
, “
Development of Thermal Spray Powders for Improved Tribological and Corrosive Applications and Cost-Effective Solutions
,”
Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol.
, Vol.
28
,
2007
, pp.
377
–
398
. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMPT.2007.013086
6.
Richter
,
J.
, “
Application of Vickers Indentation for Assessment of PVD TiN Coated New Nonledeburitic High-Speed Steels
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
, Vol.
162
,
2003
, pp.
119
–
130
. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00567-4
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
7.
Surzenkov
,
A.
,
Allikas
,
G.
,
Gregor
,
A.
,
Zimakov
,
S.
,
Kulu
,
P.
, and
Müller
,
H.
, “
Laser Treatment of Surfaces of Tool and PM steels and Steels With Coatings
,”
Proceedings of 6th International DAAAM Baltic Conference
, October 22–25, 2008, Trnava, Slovakia, DAAAM International, Vienna, pp.
555
–
560
.
8.
Musil
,
J.
,
Kunc
,
F.
,
Zeman
,
H.
, and
Polakova
,
H.
, “
Relationships Between Hardness, Young’s Modulus And Elastic Recovery in Hard Nanocomposite Coatings
,
Surf. Coat. Technol.
, Vol.
154
,
2002
, pp.
304
–
313
. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01714-5
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
9.
CEN/TS 1071–8, 2004, “
Advanced Technical Ceramics—Methods of Test for Ceramic Coatings—Part 8: Rockwell Indentation Test for Evaluation of Adhesion
,” European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
10.
Palmqvist
,
S.
, “
The Work for the Formation of a Crack During Vickers Indentation as a Measure of the Toughness of Hard Metals
,”
Arch. Eisenhuettenwes.
, Vol.
33
,
1962
, pp.
629
–
634
.
11.
Sivitski
,
A.
,
Gregor
,
A.
,
Saarna
,
M.
,
Kulu
,
P.
, and
Sergejev
,
F.
 “
Application of the Indentation Method for Cracking Resistance Evaluation of Hard Coatings of Tool Steels
,”
Est. J. Eng.
, Vol.
15
, No.
4
,
2009
, pp.
309
–
317
. https://doi.org/10.3176/eng.2009.4.08
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
12.
Bouzakis
,
K.-D.
,
Siganos
,
A.
,
Leyendecker
,
T.
, and
Erkens
,
G.
, “
Thin Hard Coatings Fracture Propagation During the Impact Test
,”
Thin Solid Films
, Vol.
460
,
2004
, pp.
181
–
189
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.02.009
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
13.
Bouzakis
,
K.-D.
, and
Siganos
,
A.
, “
Fracture Initiation Mechanisms of Thin Hard Coatings During the Impact Test
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
Vol.
185
,
2004
, pp.
150
–
159
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.12.028
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
14.
Bouzakis
,
K.-D.
,
Hadjiyiannis
,
S.
,
Skordaris
,
G.
,
Anastopoulos
,
J.
,
Mirisidis
,
I.
,
Michailidis
,
N.
,
Efstathiou
,
K.
,
Knotek
,
O.
,
Erkens
,
G.
,
Cremer
,
R.
,
Rambadt
,
S.
, and
Wirth
,
I.
, “
The Influence of the Coating Thickness on Its Strength Properties and on the Milling Performance of PVD Coated Inserts
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
Vol.
174–175
,
2003
, pp.
393
–
401
.
15.
Murakami
,
Y.
,
Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions
,
Elsevier Science
,
London, UK
,
2002
.
This content is only available via PDF.
All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ASTM International.
You do not currently have access to this content.