Abstract

Determining long-term behavior of bonded CFRP systems requires developing an accelerated aging test method for CFRP applications. This paper examines the development of test methodology and specimen for both flexure and direct tension behavior of bonded CFRP materials using a specimen submerged in a water bath subject to elevated temperature. Test results of three commercial CFRP systems are presented. A discussion of accelerated aging is included in the developmental effort.

References

1.
Bank
,
L. C.
and
Gentry
,
T. R.
, “
Accelerated Test Methods to Determine the Long-Term Behavior of FRP Composite Structures: Environmental Effects
,”
J. Reinf. Plast. Compos.
 0731-6844, Vol.
14
,
1995
, pp.
558
587
.
2.
Byars
,
E. A.
,
Waldron
,
P. W.
,
Dejke
,
V.
, and
Demis
,
S.
, “
Durability of FRP in Concrete: Deterioration Mechanisms
,”
Proceedings, FRP Composites in Civil Engineering
, Vol.
II
,
Elsevier
,
Hong Kong
, Dec.
2001
, pp.
1517
1525
.
3.
Byars
,
E. A.
,
Waldron
,
P. W.
,
Dejke
,
V.
, and
Demis
,
S.
, “
Durability of FRP in Concrete: Current Specifications and a New Approach
,”
Proceedings, International Journal of Materials and Product Technology
, Vol.
19
, Nos.
1–2
,
2003
, pp.
40
52
.
4.
Chajes
,
M. J.
,
Finch
,
W. W.
,
Januszka
,
T. F.
, and
Thomson
,
T. A.
, “
Bond and Force Transfer of Composite Material Plates Bonded to Concrete
,”
ACI Structural Journal
, Vol.
93
, No.
2
, March-April,
1996
, pp.
209
217
.
5.
Toutanji
,
H. A.
and
Gomez
,
W.
, “
Durability Characteristics of Concrete Beams Externally Bonded with FRP Composite Sheets
,”
Cem. Concr. Compos.
 0958-9465 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(97)00028-0, Vol.
19
,
1997
, pp.
351
358
.
6.
Grace
,
N. F.
and
Singh
,
S. B.
, “
Durability Evaluation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Concrete Beams: Experimental Study and Design
,”
ACI Structural Journal
, Vol.
102
, No.
1
, Jan.-Feb.
2005
, pp.
40
53
.
7.
NCHRP Report 514:
Bonded Repair and Retrofit of Concrete Structures Using FRP Composites—Recommended Construction Specifications and Process Control Manual
,”
2004
.
8.
Lefebvre
,
D. R.
,
Takahashi
,
K. M.
,
Muller
,
A. J.
, and
Raju
,
V. R.
, “
Degradation of Epoxy Coatings in Humid Environments: The Critical Relative Humidity for Adhesion Loss
,”
J. Adhes. Sci. Technol.
 0169-4243, Vol.
5
, No.
3
,
1991
, pp.
221
227
.
9.
Au
,
C.
and
Buyukozturk
,
O.
, “
Peel and Shear Fracture Characterization of Debonding in CFRP Plated Concrete Affected by Moisture
,”
J. Compos. Constr.
 1090-0268 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:1(35), Vol.
10
,
2006
, pp.
35
47
.
10.
Malvar
,
L. J.
,
Joshi
,
N. R.
,
Beran
,
J. A.
, and
Novison
,
T.
, “
Environmental Effects on the Short-Term Bond of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites
,”
J. Compos. Constr.
 1090-0268, Vol.
7
, No.
1
, Feb.
2003
, pp.
58
63
.
11.
Karbhari
,
V. M.
and
Engineer
,
M.
, “
Effect of Environmental Exposure on the External Strengthening of Concrete with Composites-Short-Term Bond Durability
,”
J. Reinf. Plast. Compos.
 0731-6844, Vol.
15
, No.
12
,
1996
, pp.
1194
1216
.
12.
Abanilla
,
M. A.
,
Li
,
Y.
, and
Karbhari
,
V. M.
, “
Durability Characterization of Wet Layup Carbon/Epoxy Composites Used in External Strengthening
,”
Composites: B 2006
, Vol.
37
, No.
1–2
,
2006
, pp.
200
212
.
13.
Abanilla
,
M. A.
,
Li
,
Y.
, and
Karbhari
,
V. M.
, “
Interlaminar and Intralaminar Durability Characterization of Wet Layup Carbon/Epoxy Composites Used in External Strengthening
,”
Composites: B 2006
, Vol.
37
, No.
7–8
,
2006
, pp.
650
661
.
14.
Karbhari
,
V. M.
and
Abanilla
,
M. A.
, “
Design Factors, Reliability, and Durability Prediction of Wet Layup Carbon/Epoxy Composites Used in External Strengthening
,”
Composites: B 2006
, Vol.
38
, No.
1
,
2007
, pp.
10
23
.
15.
Toutanji
,
H. A.
and
Gomez
,
W.
, “
Durability Characteristics of Concrete Columns Confined with Advanced Composite Materials
,”
Composite Structures
, Vol.
44
,
1999
, pp.
155
161
.
16.
Dolan
,
C. W.
,
Ahearn
,
E. A.
,
Deng
,
J.
,
Tanner
,
J. E.
, and
Mukai
,
D.
, “
Durability and Accelerated Ageing Testing of CFRP Repair System
,”
4th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering
, (CICE2008) 22–24 July
2008
,
Zurich
,
Switzerland
.
17.
Dai
,
J. G.
Interfacial Models for Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Sheets Externally Bonded to Concrete
,” Ph.D. Dissertation,
Hokkaido University
, Japan,
2003
.
18.
Toutanji
,
H.
and
Ortiz
,
G.
, “
The Effect of Surface Preparation on the Bond Interface between FRP Sheets and Concrete Members
,”
Composite Structures
, Vol.
53
,
2001
, pp.
457
462
.
19.
Lorenzis
,
L. D.
,
Miller
,
B.
, and
Nanni
,
A.
, “
Bond of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates to Concrete
,”
ACI Mater. J.
 0889-325X, Vol.
98
, No.
3
, May-June
2001
, pp.
256
264
.
20.
Li
,
W. W.
,
Yan
,
Z. L.
,
Cao
,
Z. L.
, and
Pan
,
J. L.
, “
Effect of Concrete Surface Roughness on the Bonding Performance between the CFRP and Concrete
,”
Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering
, Vol.
24
, No.
1
, Jan.
2007
.
21.
ASTM Standard C78-02, “
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading
,”
Annual Book of ASTM Standards
,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
.
22.
ASTM Standard D4541-02, “
Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
,”
Annual Book of ASTM Standards
,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
.
23.
Karbhari
,
V. M.
, “
Characteristics of Adhesion between Composites and Concrete as Relate to Infrastructure Rehabilitation
,”
27th International SAMPE Technical Conference
, 9–12 Oct.
1995
.
24.
Teng
,
J. G.
,
Chen
,
J. F.
,
Smith
,
S. T.
, and
Lam
,
L.
, “
Behaviour and Strength of FRP-Strengthened RC Structures: A State-of-the-Art Review
,”
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering—Structures and Buildings
, Vol.
156
, No.
1
,
2003
, pp.
51
62
.
25.
Gartner
,
A. L.
, “
Development of a Flexural Bond Strength Test to Determine Environmental Degradation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites Bonded to Concrete
,” MS Thesis,
University of Florida
, March
2007
.
26.
Abanilla
,
M. S.
,
Li
,
Y.
, and
Karbhari
,
V. M.
, “
Durability Characterization of Wet Layup Graphite/Epoxy Composites Used in External Strengthening
,”
Composites, Part B: Engineering
 1359-8368, Vol.
37
, No.
2–3
, April
2005
/March
2006
, pp.
200
212
.
27.
Horiguchi
,
T.
and
Saeki
,
N.
Effect of Test Methods and Quality of Concrete on Bond Strength of CFRP Sheet
,”
Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium
, Vol.
1
, Oct.
1997
.
28.
Mays
,
G. C.
and
Hutchinson
,
A. R.
,
Adhesives in Civil Engineering
, Chapter 2,
Cambridge University Press
,
Cambridge, U.K.
,
1992
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.