... the thermal conductivity enhancements but are qualitatively consistent with their shape dependence. As a penalty, however, the presence of Ag NWs was shown to give rise to significant increase in the viscosity of the EG-based suspensions. In addition to the thermal conductivity improvement afforded...

... the optical force indicates a nonlinear increase as the laser power increases. This enhancement mainly attributes to the temperature-sensitive change of liquid viscosity resulting in a reduction of viscous drag for migrating particles. An appropriate arrangement of light absorption leads to an enhancement...

... flux β = coefficient of thermal expansion κ = thermal conductivity μ = coefficient of viscosity ν = kinematic viscosity ρ = density λ = annulus dimension ratio σ = electrical conductivity τ = skin friction The problem of the MHD...

... are the nanofluid effective properties calculated at the reference temperature. In this connection, two empirical equations, based on a wide variety of experimental data reported in the literature, are used for the evaluation of the nanofluid effective thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. Conversely...

... is reduced, as rarefaction increases. Hooman and Ejlali [( 22 )] recently extended their model, taking into account, in addition to viscous dissipation, the radial variation of the viscosity, μ , and the thermal conductivity, k , with the temperature. Their study is based on a perturbation technique...

... it re-enters the cooling channels. The suspensions showed Newtonian behavior in the viscosity measurement. The actual pressure drop determined in the experiments is smaller than the pressure drop estimation based on the measured viscosities. The difference between the two values increases...

...I. S. Shivakumara; Jinho Lee; C. E. Nanjundappa The onset of thermogravitational convection in a horizontal ferrofluid layer is investigated with viscosity depending exponentially on temperature. The bounding surfaces of the ferrofluid layer are considered to be either stress free or rigid...

... transfer mass transfer Navier-Stokes equations rotational flow slip flow viscosity exact solution rotating disk flow partial slip vorticity suction and blowing layer thicknesses shear stresses The cases when an exact solution for the Navier–Stokes equation can be obtained...

.... The results are shown over a wide range of Grashof numbers, volume fractions of nanoparticles, and aspect ratios. The Nusselt number is demonstrated to be sensitive to the aspect ratio. It is found that the Nusselt number is more sensitive to thermal conductivity than viscosity at a low velocity (especially...

... nm are prepared, stabilized, and characterized by standard methods. The thermal conductivity and viscosity used in the study were measured and analyzed. The base fluids used are water and ethylene glycol. The effect of volume fraction, channel size, particle size, and base fluids are presented...

....2007.01.020 9 Giudice , S. D. , Nonino , C. , and Savino , S. , 2007 , “ Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Temperature Dependent Viscosity in Thermally and Simultaneously Developing Laminar Flows in Microchannels ,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow , 28 ( 1 ), pp. 15 – 27 . 10.1016...

...Stefano Del Giudice; Stefano Savino; Carlo Nonino In this paper a parametric investigation is carried out on the effects of temperature dependent viscosity in simultaneously, i.e., hydro-dynamically and thermally, developing laminar flows of liquids in straight ducts of constant cross sections...

...Amir Keshmiri The present work is concerned with the modeling of buoyancy-modified mixed convection flows, such flows being representative of low-flow-rate flows in the cores of Gas-cooled Reactors. Three different eddy viscosity models (EVMs) are examined using the in-house code, “ CONVERT. ” All...

.... However, they did not take into account the influences of inertial force and viscous dissipation models. Moreover, the effects of different parameters such as width ratio, conductivity and viscosity ratios and viscous dissipation on the velocity and temperature profiles were studied. To the best...

... magnetohydrodynamics natural convection viscosity MHD Couette flow porous plates impulsive motion free convection Riemann-sum approximation The study of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Couette flow has been an active area of research because of its geophysical and astrophysical applications. Couette...

... separated by a finite distance. The method is successfully applied to study the constant viscosity models, namely plane Couette flow, plane Poiseuille flow, and plane Couette–Poiseuille flow for velocity fields and the temperature distributions. Numerical solutions of the systems are also obtained using...

.... In addition, two temperature dependent models for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids that account for the fundamental role of Brownian motion are used. Calculated results demonstrate that the effectiveness and performance index of CFMCHE decrease with increasing Reynolds number. Moreover...

... a two-layer eddy viscosity model developed by Cebeci and Smith, and the turbulent Prandtl number formulation originally developed by Kays and Crawford. The governing differential equations are discretized with the Keller-box method. The numerical accuracy is validated through grid-independence studies...

... such as diffusion term in the energy equation, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the turbulent viscosity in the turbulence model; and is true for both regimes of heat transfer. A surface area ( m 2 ) C p specific heat capacity at constant pressure (J/kg K) C...

... to 31 vol % . We determined the particle morphology by transmission electron microscope imaging and its dispersion status by dynamic light scattering measurements. The thermophysical properties of the fluids, namely, their specific heat, density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity were...