This paper reports some important results obtained from a series of microgravity experiments on the Marangoni convection that takes place in liquid bridges. This project, called Marangoni Experiment in Space (MEIS), started from August 22, 2008 as the first science experiment on the Japanese Experimental Module “KIBO” at the ISS. Two series of experiments, MEIS-1 and 2, were conducted in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The experimental methods used are explained in some detail. The maximum size of the liquid bridge that could be realized during these experiments was 30 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length, giving an aspect ratio of 2.0. The results are obtained for a wide range of aspect ratios of the liquid bridges, including the values that cannot be reached in 1 g experiments, and therefore, they provide indispensable amount of data for the study of instability mechanisms of the Marangoni convection.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Cröll
, A.
, Kaiser
, Th.
, Schweizer
, M.
, Danilewsky
, A. N.
, Lauer
, S.
, Tegetmeier
, A.
, and Benz
, K. W.
, 1998, “Floating-Zone and Floating-Solution-Zone Growth of GaSb Under Microgravity
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 191
, pp. 365
–376
.2.
Schwabe
, D.
, and Scharmann
, A.
, 1979, “Some Evidence for the Existence and Magnitude of a Critical Marangoni Number for the Onset of Oscillatory Flow in Crystal Growth Melts
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 46
, pp. 125
–131
.3.
Nakamura
, S.
, Hibiya
, T.
, Kakimoto
, K.
, Imaishi
, N.
, Nishizawa
, S.
, Hirata
, A.
, Mukai
, K.
, Yoda
, S.
, and Morita
, T.
, 1998, “Temperature Fluctuations of the Marangoni Flow in a Liquid Bridge of Molten Silicon Under Microgravity on Board the TR-IA-4 Rocket
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 186
(1–2
), pp. 85
–94
.4.
Ostrach
, S.
, 1983, “Fluid Mechanics in Crystal Growth—The 1982 Freeman Scholar Lecture
,” Trans. ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 105
, pp. 5
–20
.5.
Kuhlmann
, H. C.
, 1999, “Thermocapillary Convection in Models of Crystal Growth
,” Springer Tracts in Modern Physics
, Vol. 152
, Springer-Verlag
Berlin/Heidelberg
.6.
Kawamura
, H.
, and Ueno
, I.
, 2006, “Review on Thermocapillary Convection in a Half-Zone Liquid Bridge With High Pr Fluid: Onset of Oscillatory Convection, Transition of Flow Regimes, and Particle Accumulation Structure, in Surface Tension-Driven Flows and Applications
,” Savino
, R.
, ed., Research Signpost, pp. 1
–24
.7.
Simic-Stefani
, S.
, Kawaji
, M.
, and Yoda
, S.
, 2006, “Onset of Oscillatory Thermocapillary Convection in Acetone Liquid Bridges: The Effect of Evaporation
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 49
, pp. 3167
–3179
.8.
Schwabe
, D.
, Mizev
, A. I.
, Udhayasankar
, M.
, and Tanaka
, S.
, 2007, “Formation of Dynamic Particle Accumulation Structures in Oscillatory Thermocapillary Flow in Liquid Bridges
,” Phys. Fluids
, 19
, p. 072102
.9.
Teng
, Y.-Y.
, Chen
, J.-C.
, Lu
, C.-W.
, and Chen
, C.-Y.
, 2010, “The Carbon Distribution in Multicrystalline Silicon Ingots Grown Using the Directional Solidification Process
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 312
, pp. 1282
–1290
.10.
Takagi
, K.
, Otaka
, M.
, Natsui
, H.
, Arai
, T.
, Yoda
, S.
, Yuan
, Z.
, Mukai
, K.
, Yasuhiro
, S.
, and Imaishi
, N.
, 2001, “Experimental Study on Transition to Oscillatory Thermocapillary Flow in a Low Prandtl Number Liquid Bridge
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 233
, pp. 399
–407
.11.
Yang
, Y. K.
, and Kou
, S.
, 2001, “Temperature Oscillation in a Tin Liquid Bridge and Critical Marangoni Number Dependency on Prandtl Number
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 222
, pp. 153
–143
.12.
Chun
, C.-H.
, and Wuest
, W.
, 1982, “Thermal Marangoni Convection in a Floating Zone—μg Experiment During the TEXUS IIIb Rocket Flight
,” Zeitschrift für Flugwissenschaften und Weltraumforschung
, 6
(5
), pp. 316
–325
.13.
Schwabe
, D.
, and Scharmann
, A.
, 1983, “Measurement of the Critical Marangoni Number in a Floating Zone Under Reduced Gravity
,” Proceedings of 4th European Symposium Materials Science Under Microgravity (ESA SP-191)
, pp. 213
–218
.14.
Schwabe
, D.
, and Scharmann
, A.
, 1985, “Measurement of the Critical Marangoni Number for Transition From Stationary to Oscillatory Thermocapillarity Under Microgravity Conditions—Results of Experiments in TEXUS 5 and TEXUS 8 Ballistic Rockets
,” Zeitschrift für Flugwissenschaften und Weltraumforschung
, 9
(1
), pp. 21
–28
.15.
Chun
, C.-H.
, 1984, “Verification of Turbulence Developing From the Oscillatory Marangoni Convection in a Liquid Column
,” Proceedings of 5th European Symposium on Materials Science Under Microgravity—Results of Spacelab-1 (ESA-SP-222)
, pp. 271
–280
.16.
Napolitano
, L. G.
, Monti
, R.
, and Russo
, G.
, 1985, “Marangoni Convection in Low Gravity—Experiment 1ES 328
,” Earth Oriented Appl. Space Technol.
, 5
(1–2
), pp. 69
–82
.17.
Monti
, R.
, Fortezza
, R.
, and Mannara
, C.
, 1988, “Results of the TEXUS 14-B Flights Experiment on a Floating Zone. First Approach Towards Telescience in Fluid Science
,” Acta Astronaut.
, 17
(11–12
), pp. 1221
–1228
.18.
Cröll
, A.
, Müller-Sebert
, W.
, and Nitsche
, R.
, 1989, “The Critical Marangoni Number for the Onset of Time-Dependent Convection in Silicon
,” Mater. Res. Bull.
, 24
, pp. 995
–1004
.19.
Monti
, R.
, and Fortezza
, R.
, 1990, “Teletexus Experiment. Preliminary Experience for the Columbus Programme
,” Space Technol.
, 10
(1–2
), pp. 127
–134
.20.
Ohnishi
, M.
, Yoshihara
, S.
, Azuma
, H.
, Yoda
, S.
, and Kawasaki
, K.
, 1992, “Marangoni Convection in a Liquid Column Under Microgravity Experiment Using TR-IA Sounding Rocket and Computer Simulation
,” J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 10
(1
), pp. 8
–14
.21.
Hirata
, A.
, Nishizawa
, S.
, Imaishi
, N.
, Yasuhiro
, S.
, Yoda
, S.
, and Kawasaki
, K.
, 1993, “Oscillatory Marangoni Convection in a Liquid Bridge Under Microgravity by Utilizing TR-IA Sounding Rocket
,” J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 10
(4
), pp. 241
–250
.22.
Albanese
, C.
, Carotenuto
, L.
, Castagnolo
, D.
, Ceglia
, E.
, and Monti
, R.
, 1995, “An Investigation on the Onset of Oscillatory Marangoni Flow
,” Adv. Space Res.
, 16
(7
), pp. 87
–94
.23.
Carotenuto
, L.
, Castagnolo
, D.
, Albanese
, C.
and Monti
, R.
, 1998, “Instability of Thermocapillary Convection in Liquid Bridges
,” Phys. Fluids
, 10
(3
), pp. 555
–565
.24.
Cröll
, A.
, Tegetmeier
, A.
, Nagel
, G.
, and Benz
, K. W.
, 1994, “Floating-Zone Growth of GaAs Under Microgravity During the D2-Mission
,” Cryst. Res. Technol.
, 29
(3
), pp. 335
–342
.25.
Haga
, M.
, Maekawa
, T.
, Kuwahara
, K.
, Ohara
, A.
, Kawasaki
, K.
, Harada
, T.
, Yoda
, S.
, and Nakamura
, T.
, 1995, “Effect of Electric Field on Marangoni Convection Under Microgravity
,” J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 12
(1
), pp. 19
–26
.26.
Kawamura
, H.
, Saita
, K.
, Nishino
, K.
, Yamamoto
, M.
, Yoda
, S.
, Nakamura
, T.
, Morita
, T. S.
, Kawasaki
, K.
, and Tamaoki
, H.
, 1997, “Three-Dimensional Measurement of Marangoni Convection in a Liquid Bridge Under Microgravity Conditions in the TR-IA-4 Sounding Rocket
,” J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 14
(1
), pp. 34
–41
.27.
Cröll
, A.
, Schweizer
, M.
, Tegetmeier
, A.
, and Benz
, K. W.
, 1996, “Floating-None Growth of GaAs
,” J. Cryst. Growth
, 166
, pp. 239
–244
.28.
Nishino
, K.
, Kawamura
, H.
, Emori
, T.
, Iijima
, Y.
, Kawasaki
, K.
, Makino
, K.
, Yoda
, S.
, and Kawasaki
, H.
, 1998, “Simultaneous Observation of Three-Dimensional Flow and Surface Temperature of Unsteady Marangoni Convection in a Liquid Bridge (in Japanese)
,” J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 15
(3
), pp. 158
–164
.29.
Schwabe
, D.
, 2005, “Hydrothermal Waves in a Liquid Bridge With Aspect Ratio Near the Rayleigh Limit Under Microgravity
,” Phys. Fluids
, 17
, p. 112104
.30.
Schwabe
, D.
, Tanaka
, S.
, Mizev
, A.
, and Kawamura
, H.
, 2006, “Particle Accumulation Structures in Timedependent Thermocapillary Flow in a Liquid Bridge Under Microgravity
,” Microgravity Sci. Technol.
, 18
(3–4
), pp. 117
–127
.31.
Kawamura
, H.
, Ueno
, I.
, and Ishikawa
, T.
, 2002, “Study of Thermocapillary Flow in a Liquid Bridge Towards an On-Orbit Experiment Aboard the ISS
,” Adv. Space Res.
, 29
, pp. 611
–618
.32.
Tanaka
, S.
, Ueno
, I.
, Kawamura
, H.
, and Schwabe
, D.
, 2006, “Flow Structure and Dynamic Particle Accumulation in Thermocapillary Convection in a Liquid Bridge
,” Phys. Fluids
, 18
, p. 067103
.33.
Ueno
, I.
, Abe
, Y.
Noguchi
, K.
, and Kawamura
, H.
, 2008, “Dynamic Particle Accumulation Structure (PAS) in Half-Zone Liquid Bridge—Reconstruction of Particle Motion by 3-D PTV -
,” Adv. Space Res.
, 41
, pp. 2145
–2149
.34.
Nishino
, K.
, Kasagi
, N.
, and Hirata
, M.
, 1989, “Three Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry Based on Automated Digital Image Processing
,” Trans. ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 111
, pp. 384
–391
.35.
Nishino
, K.
, Yamawaki
, T.
, and Takami
, M.
, 1995, “Three-Dimensional Flow Visualization and Measurement of Suspended Liquid Bridge
,” J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 12
(4
), pp. 205
–213
.36.
Nishimura
, M.
, Ueno
, I.
, Nishino
, K.
, and Kawamura
, H.
, 2005, “3-D PTV Measurement of Oscillatory Thermocapillary Convection in Half-Zone Liquid Bridge
,” Exp. Fluids
, 38
, pp. 285
–290
.37.
Kawaji
, M.
, Ahmad
, W.
, DeJesus
, J. M.
, Sutharshan
, B.
, Lorencez
, C.
, and Ojha
, M.
, 1993, “Flow Visualization of Two-Phase Flows Using Photochromic Dye Activation Method
,” Nucl. Eng. Des.
, 141
, pp. 343
–355
.38.
Shin-Etsu
, 2004, Silicone Fluid KF-98
“Performance Test Results” (in Japanese), Chemical Co. Ltd.
,pp. 6
–9
, http://www.silicone.jp/j/catalog/index.shtml#1.39.
Ermakov
, M.
, 2010, private communication.40.
Masud
, J.
, Kamotani
, Y.
, and Ostrach
, S.
, 1997, “Oscillatory Thermocapillary Flow in Cylindrical Columns of High Prandtl Number Fluids
,” J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer
, 11
(1
), pp. 105
–111
.41.
Ueno
, I.
, Tanaka
, S.
, and Kawamura
, H.
, 2003, “Oscillatory and Chaotic Thermocapillary Convection in a Half-Zone Liquid Bridge
,” Phys. Fluids
, 15
, pp. 408
–416
.42.
Ueno
, I.
, Tanaka
, S.
, and Kawamura
, H.
, 2003b, “Various Flow Patterns in Thermocapillary Convection in Half-Zone Liquid Bridge of High Prandtl Number Fluid
,” Adv. Space Res.
, 32
, pp. 143
–148
.43.
Preisser
, F.
, Schwabe
, D.
, and Scharmann
, A.
, 1983, “Steady and Oscillatory Thermocapillary Convection in Liquid Columns With Free Cylindrical Surface
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 126
, pp. 545
–567
.44.
Xu
, J. J.
, and Davis
, S. H.
, 1984, “Convective Thermocapillary Instabilities in Liquid Bridges
,” Phys. Fluids
, 27
, pp. 1102
–1107
.Copyright © 2012
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
