This work examines the effects of photonically induced interband excitations from the d-band to states at the Fermi energy on thermophysical properties in noble metals. The change in the electron population in the d-band and the conduction band causes a change in electron heat capacity and electron-phonon coupling factor, which in turn impacts the evolution of the temperature after pulse absorption and electron thermalization. Expressions for heat capacity and electron-phonon coupling factor are derived for electrons undergoing both inter- and intraband transitions. In noble metals, due to the large d-band to Fermi energy separation, the contributions to electron heat capacity and electron-phonon coupling factor of intra- and interband transitions can be separated. At high absorbed laser fluences and pulse energies greater than the interband transition threshold, the interband and intraband contributions to thermophysical properties differ.
Issue Section:
Technical Briefs
Keywords:
conduction bands,
electron-phonon interactions,
Fermi level,
laser beam effects,
specific heat,
transition metals,
intraband transition,
interband transition,
electron-phonon coupling factor,
short pulsed laser heating,
electronic band structure
Topics:
Electrons,
Excitation,
Heat capacity,
Heat conduction,
Metals,
Phonons,
Temperature,
Density,
Lasers
1.
Anisimov
, S. I.
, Kapeliovich
, B. L.
, and Perel'man
, T. L.
, 1974, “Electron Emission From Metal Surfaces Exposed to Ultrashort Laser Pulses
,” Sov. Phys. JETP
0038-5646, 39
, pp. 375
–377
.2.
Ivanov
, D. S.
, and Zhigilei
, L. V.
, 2003, “Combined Atomistic-Continuum Modeling of Short-Pulse Laser Melting and Disintegration of Metal Films
,” Phys. Rev. B
0163-1829, 68
, p. 064114
.3.
Zhigilei
, L. V.
, and Ivanov
, D. S.
, 2005, “Channels of Energy Redistribution in Short-Pulse Laser Interactions With Metal Targets
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
0169-4332, 248
, pp. 433
–439
.4.
Jiang
, L.
, and Tsai
, H. -L.
, 2005, “Improved Two-Temperature Model and Its Application in Ultrashort Laser Heating of Metal Films
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 127
, pp. 1167
–1173
.5.
Qiu
, T. Q.
, and Tien
, C. L.
, 1993, “Heat Transfer Mechanisms During Short-Pulse Laser Heating of Metals
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 115
, pp. 835
–841
.6.
Eesley
, G. L.
, 1986, “Generation of Nonequlibrium Electron and Lattice Temperatures in Copper by Picosecond Laser Pulses
,” Phys. Rev. B
0163-1829, 33
, pp. 2144
–2151
.7.
Hohlfeld
, J.
, Wellershoff
, S. S.
, Gudde
, J.
, Conrad
, U.
, Jahnke
, V.
, and Matthias
, E.
, 2000, “Electron and Lattice Dynamics Following Optical Excitation of Metals
,” Chem. Phys.
0301-0104, 251
, pp. 237
–258
.8.
Hostetler
, J. L.
, Smith
, A. N.
, Czajkowsky
, D. M.
, and Norris
, P. M.
, 1999, “Measurement of the Electron-Phonon Coupling Factor Dependence on Film Thickness and Grain Size in Au, Cr, and Al
,” Appl. Opt.
0003-6935, 38
, pp. 3614
–3620
.9.
Qiu
, T. Q.
, and Tien
, C. L.
, 1993, “Size Effects on Nonequilibrium Laser Heating of Metal Films
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 115
, pp. 842
–847
.10.
Arbouet
, A.
, Voisin
, C.
, Christofilos
, D.
, Langot
, P.
, Del Fatti
, N.
, Vallee
, F.
, Lerme
, J.
, Celep
, G.
, Cottancin
, E.
, Gaudry
, M.
, Pellarin
, M.
, Broyer
, M.
, Maillard
, M.
, Pileni
, M. P.
, and Treguer
, M.
, 2003, “Electron-Phonon Scattering in Metal Clusters
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007, 90
, p. 177401
.11.
Hartland
, G. V.
, 2004, “Electron-Phonon Coupling and Heat Dissipation in Metal Nanoparticles
,” Int. J. Nanotechnol.
1475-7435, 1
, pp. 307
–327
.12.
Hodak
, J. H.
, Henglein
, A.
, and Hartland
, G. V.
, 2000, “Electron-Phonon Coupling Dynamics in Very Small (Between 2 and 8 nm) Diameter Au Nanoparticles
,” J. Chem. Phys.
0021-9606, 112
, pp. 5942
–5947
.13.
Hopkins
, P. E.
, 2009, “Effects of Electron-Boundary Scattering on Changes in Thermoreflectance in Thin Metal Films Undergoing Intraband Transitions
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 105
, p. 093517
.14.
Hopkins
, P. E.
, Kassebaum
, J. L.
, and Norris
, P. M.
, 2009, “Effects of Electron Scattering at Metal-Nonmetal Interfaces on Electron-Phonon Equilibration in Gold Films
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 105
, p. 023710
.15.
Hopkins
, P. E.
, and Norris
, P. M.
, 2009, “Contribution of Ballistic Electron Transport to Energy Transfer During Electron-Phonon Nonequilibrium in Thin Films
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 131
, p. 043208
.16.
Hopkins
, P. E.
, Norris
, P. M.
, Stevens
, R. J.
, Beechem
, T.
, and Graham
, S.
, 2008, “Influence of Interfacial Mixing on Thermal Boundary Conductance Across a Chromium/Silicon Interface
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 130
, p. 062402
.17.
Norris
, P. M.
, and Hopkins
, P. E.
, 2009, “Examining Interfacial Diffuse Phonon Scattering Through Transient Thermoreflectance Measurements of Thermal Boundary Conductance
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 131
, p. 043207
.18.
Lin
, Z.
, and Zhigilei
, L. V.
, 2007, “Temperature Dependences of the Electron-Phonon Coupling, Electron Heat Capacity and Thermal Conductivity in Ni Under Femtosecond Irradiation
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
0169-4332, 253
, pp. 6295
–6300
.19.
Lin
, Z.
, Zhigilei
, L. V.
, and Celli
, V.
, 2008, “Electron-Phonon Coupling and Electron Heat Capacity of Metals Under Conditions of Strong Electron-Phonon Nonequilibrium
,” Phys. Rev. B
0163-1829, 77
, p. 075133
.20.
Hopkins
, P. E.
, Duda
, J. C.
, Salaway
, R. N.
, Smoyer
, J. L.
, and Norris
, P. M.
, 2008, “Effects of Intra- and Interband Transitions on Electron-Phonon Coupling and Electron Heat Capacity After Short Pulsed Laser Heating
,” Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng.
1556-7265, 12
, pp. 320
–333
.21.
Scouler
, W. J.
, 1967, “Temperature-Modulated Reflectance of Gold From 2 to 10 eV
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007, 18
, pp. 445
–448
.22.
Schoenlein
, R. W.
, Lin
, W. Z.
, Fujimoto
, J. G.
, and Eesley
, G. L.
, 1987, “Femtosecond Studies of Nonequilibrium Electronic Processes in Metals
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007, 58
, pp. 1680
–1683
.23.
Kittel
, C.
, 1996, Introduction to Solid State Physics
, Wiley
, New York
.24.
Wang
, X. Y.
, Riffe
, D. M.
, Lee
, Y. -S.
, and Downer
, M. C.
, 1994, “Time-Resolved Electron-Temperature Measurement in a Highly Excited Gold Target Using Femtosecond Thermionic Emission
,” Phys. Rev. B
0163-1829, 50
, pp. 8016
–8019
.25.
Grimvall
, G.
, 1981, The Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals
(Selected Topics in Solid State Physics
), North-Holland
, New York
.26.
Mcmillan
, W. L.
, 1968, “Transition Temperature of Strong-Coupled Superconductors
,” Phys. Rev.
0031-899X, 167
, pp. 331
–344
.27.
Brorson
, S. D.
, Kazeroonian
, A.
, Moodera
, J. S.
, Face
, D. W.
, Cheng
, T. K.
, Ippen
, E. P.
, Dresselhaus
, M. S.
, and Dresselhaus
, G.
, 1990, “Femtosecond Room-Temperature Measurement of the Electron-Phonon Coupling Constant λ in Metallic Superconductors
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007, 64
, pp. 2172
–2175
.28.
Allen
, P. B.
, 1987, “Theory of Thermal Relaxation of Electrons in Metals
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007, 59
, pp. 1460
–1463
.29.
Lin
, Z.
, and Zhigilei
, L. V.
, 2006, “Thermal Excitation of D Band Electrons in Au: Implications for Laser-Induced Phase Transformations
,” Proc. SPIE
0277-786X, 6261
, p. 62610U
.30.
Pathria
, R. K.
, 2006, Statistical Mechanics
, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann
, Burlington, MA
.31.
Gray
, D. E.
, 1972, American Institute of Physics Handbook
, McGraw-Hill
, New York
.32.
Harrison
, W. A.
, 1980, Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids: The Physics of the Chemical Bond
, W. H. Freeman and Company
, San Francisco, CA
.33.
Heiner
, E.
, 1988, “Nonequilibrium Thermalized Stage of Noble Metals
,” Phys. Status Solidi B
0370-1972, 148
, pp. 599
–609
.Copyright © 2010
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
