Steady-State Behavior of a Two-Phase Natural Circulation Loop With Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium

A model to predict the steady-state behavior of a rectangular two-phase natural circulation loop has been proposed. The analysis employs a one-dimensional two-fluid model to identify various system parameters, with particular emphasis on the subcooled boiling region. The onset of two-phase region and point of net vapor generation and associated liquid temperatures and vapor qualities have been estimated using a few widely recognized correlations. Predicted results demonstrate that the consideration of subcooled boiling may have significant effect on system behavior, particularly around the transition regions. The interaction of saturated bubbles and subcooled liquid and associated change in heat transfer and frictional forces has been discussed in detail. Fluid stream has been observed to have different combinations of flow stream conditions at boiler exit and condenser inlet. Five probable combinations have been identified and a generalized working-regime map has been proposed on $Nsub−NZu$ plane. Attempts have been made to identify the influence of various control parameters. A favorable sink condition (higher coolant flow rate or lower coolant entry temperature) has been found to be of particular importance to attain a wider operating range of wall heat flux and better heat transfer characteristics. A design map has been proposed to identify favorable operating condition in terms of control parameters to ensure complete condensation.