Abstract
An experimental study on heat transfer and pressure drop of de-ionized water over a bank of shrouded staggered micro pin fins long with hydraulic diameter of has been performed. Average heat transfer coefficients have been obtained for effective heat fluxes ranging from 3.8 to and Reynolds numbers from 14 to 112. The results were used to derive the Nusselt numbers, total thermal resistances, and friction factors. It has been found that for Reynolds numbers below long tube correlations overpredicted the experimental Nusselt number, while at higher Reynolds numbers existing correlations predicted the results moderately well. Endwall effects, which diminish at high Reynolds numbers, and a delay in flow separation for compact pin fins were attributed to the obtained trend.
Issue Section:
Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer
1.
Kandlikar
, S.
G.
, and Grande
, W.
J.
, 2004,
“Evaluation of Single-Phase Flow in Microchannels for High
Heat Flux Chip Cooling—Thermohydraulic Performance Enhancement and
Fabrication Technology
,” Heat Transfer Eng.
0145-7632, 25
(8
),
pp. 5
–16
.2.
Mehendale
, S.
S.
, Jacobi
, A.
M.
, and Shah
, R.
K.
, 2000,
“Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer at Micro- and Meso-Scales with
Application to Heat Exchanger Design
,” Appl. Mech.
Rev.
0003-6900, 53
(7
), pp.
175
–193
.3.
Owhaib
,
W.
, and
Palm
,
B.
,
2004, “Experimental
Investigation of Single-Phase Convective Heat Transfer in Circular
Microchannels
,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
0894-1777,
28
(2-3
), pp.
105
–110
.4.
Celata
, G.
P.
, Cumo
,
M.
, and
Zummo
,
G.
,
2004, “Thermal-Hydraulic
Characteristics of Single-Phase, Flow in Capillary Pipes
,”
Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
0894-1777,
28
(2-3
), pp.
87
–95
.5.
Jiang
,
L.
,
Wong
,
M.
, and
Zohar
,
Y.
,
2001, “Forced Convection
Boiling in Microchannel Heat Sink
,” J.
Microelectromech. Syst.
1057-7157,
10
(1
), pp.
80
–87
.6.
Warrier
, G.
R.
, Dhir
, V.
K.
, and Momoda
, L.
A.
, 2002,
“Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Narrow Rectangular
Channel
,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
0894-1777, 26
, pp.
53
–64
.7.
Qu
,
W.
, and
Mudawar
,
I.
,
2003, “Flow Boiling Heat
Transfer in Two-Phase Micro-Channel Heat Sink—I. Experimental Investigation
and Assessment of Correlation Methods
,” Int. J. Heat
Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
46
(15
), pp.
2755
–2771
.8.
Wu
, H.
Y.
, and Cheng
,
P.
,
2003, “Visualization and
Measurements of Periodic Boiling in Silicon Microchannels
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
46
(14
), pp.
2603
–2614
.9.
Steinke
, M.
E.
, and Kandlikar
,
S. G.
, 2004,
“An Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling
Characteristics of Water in Parallel Microchannels
,”
ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481,
126
(4
), pp.
518
–526
.10.
Lee
, P.
C.
, Tseng
, F.
G.
, and Pan
,
C.
,
2004, “Bubble Dynamic in
Microchannels. I. Single Microchannel
,” Int. J. Heat
Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
47
(25
), pp.
5575
–5589
.11.
Thome
, J.
R.
, 2004,
“Boiling in Micro Channels: A Review of Experiment and
Theory
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
0142-727X, 25
, pp.
128
–139
.12.
Koo
, J.
-M.
, Im
,
S.
,
Jiang
,
L.
, and
Goodson
, K.
E.
, 2005,
“Integrated Microchannel Cooling for Three-Dimensional
Electronic Circuit Architectures
,” ASME J. Heat
Transfer
0022-1481,
127
(1
), pp.
49
–58
.13.
Zhang
,
L.
,
Wang
, E.
N.
, Goodson
, K.
E.
, and Kenny
, T.
W.
, 2005,
“Phase Change Phenomena in Silicon
Microchannels
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
40
(8
), pp.
1572
–1582
.14.
Owhaib
,
W.
,
Martín-Callizo
,
C.
, and
Palm
,
B.
,
2004, “Evaporative Heat
Transfer in Vertical Circular Microchannels
,” Appl.
Therm. Eng.
1359-4311, 24
, pp.
1241
–1253
.15.
Koşar
,
A.
,
Kuo
, C.
J.
, and Peles
,
Y.
,
2005, “Boiling Heat
Transfer in Rectangular Microchannels with Reentrant
Cavities
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
48
(23-24
), pp.
4867
–4886
.16.
Koşar
,
A.
,
Kuo
, C.
J.
, and Peles
,
Y.
,
2005, “Reduced Pressure
Boiling Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannels with Interconnected
Reentrant Cavities
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481,
127
(10
), pp.
1106
–1114
.17.
Kandlikar
, S.
G.
, and Grande
, W.
J.
, 2004,
“Evaluation of Single Phase Flow in Microchannel for High
Flux Chip Cooling—Thermohydraulic Performance Enhancement and Fabrication
Technology
,” Paper No. ICMM2004-2321, Presented at the
Second International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels,
ASME
, New York, pp.
67
–76
.18.
Peles
,
Y.
,
Kuo
, C.
J.
, Koşar
,
A.
,
Mishra
,
C.
, and
Schneider
,
B.
,
2005, “Forced Convective
Heat Transfer Across a Pin Fin Micro Heat Exchanger
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310 ,
48
(17
), pp.
3615
–3627
.19.
Koşar
,
A.
,
Mishra
,
C.
, and
Peles
,
Y.
,
2005, “Laminar Flow
Across a Bank of Low Aspect Ratio Micro Pin Fins
,”
ASME J. Fluids Eng.
0098-2202,
127
(3
), pp.
419
–430
.20.
Sparrow
, E.
M.
, Abraham
, J.
P.
, and Tong
, J. C.
K.
, 2004,
“Archival Correlations for Average Heat Transfer Coefficients
for Non-Circular and Circular Cylinders and for Spheres in
Cross-Flow
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
47
(24
), pp.
5285
–5296
.21.
El-Sheikh
, H.
A.
, and Garimella
,
S. V.
, 2000,
“Heat Transfer from Pin Fin Heat Sinks under Multiple
Impinging Jets
,” IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag.
1521-3323,
23
(1
), pp.
113
–120
.22.
El-Sheikh
, H.
A.
, and Garimella
,
S. V.
, 2000,
“Enhancement of Air Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Using Pin
Fin Heat Sinks
,” IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag.
Technol.
1521-3331,
23
(2
), pp.
300
–308
.23.
Brignoni
, L.
A.
, and Garimella
,
S. V.
, 2000,
“Heat Transfer from a Finned Surface in Ducted Air Jet
Suction and Impingement
,” J. Electron.
Packag.
1043-7398,
122
, pp.
282
–285
.24.
Zukauskas
, A.
A.
, 1972,
“Heat Transfer from Tubes in Cross Flow
,”
Advances in Heat Transfer
,
Academic
, New York, Vol.
8
, pp. 93
–160
.25.
Whitaker
,
S.
,
1972, “Forced Convection
Heat-Transfer Correlations for Flow in Pipes, Past Flat Plates, Single
Cylinders, Single Spheres, and for Flow in Packed-Beds and Tube
Bundles
,” AIChE J.
0001-1541,
18
(2
), pp.
361
–371
.26.
Igarashi
,
T.
,
1987, “Fluid Flow and
Heat Transfer Around Rectangular Cylinders (the Case of a Width/Height Ratio
of a Section of 0.33-1.5)
,” Int. J. Heat Mass
Transfer
0017-9310, 30
, pp.
893
–901
.27.
Chyu
, M.
K.
, Hsing
, Y.
C.
, and Natarajan
,
V.
,
1998, “Convective Heat
Transfer of Cubic Fin Arrays in a Narrow Channel
,”
ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 120
, pp.
362
–367
.28.
Merker
, G.
P.
, and Hanke
,
H.
,
1986, “Heat Transfer and
Pressure Drop on the Shell-Side of Tube-Banks Having Oval-Shaped
Tubes
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
29
(12
), pp.
1903
–1909
.29.
Reiher
,
H.
,
1925, “Der Wärmeübergang
von Strömender Luft an Rohrbündel in Kreuzstrom
,”
VDI-Forschungsh.
0042-174X, 269
, pp.
47
.30.
Sparrow
, E.
M.
, and Grannis
, V.
B.
, 1991,
“Pressure Drop Characteristics of Heat Exchangers Consisting
of Arrays of Diamond-Shaped Pin Fins
,” Int. J. Heat
Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
34
(3
), pp.
589
–600
.31.
Hilpert
,
R.
,
1933, “Der Wärmeabgabe
von Geheizten Drahten und Rohren im Luftstorm
,”
Forsch. Geb. Ingenieurwes.
0367-2204, 4
, pp.
215
–224
.32.
Ruth
, E.
K.
, 1983,
“Experiments on a Cross Flow Heat Exchanger with Tubes of
Lenticular Shape
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 105
, pp.
571
–575
.33.
Armstrong
,
J.
, and
Winstanley
,
D.
,
1988, “A Review of
Staggered Array Pin Fin Heat Transfer for Turbine Cooling
Applications
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X, 110
, pp.
94
–103
.34.
Sparrow
, E.
M.
, Stahl
, T.
J.
, and Traub
,
P.
,
1984, “Heat Transfer
Adjacent to the Attached End of a Cylinder in Crossflow
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 27
, pp.
233
–242
.35.
Damerow
, W.
P.
, Murtaugh
, J.
C.
, and Burgraf
,
F.
,
1972, “Experimental and
Analytical Investigation of the Coolant Flow Characteristics in Cooled
Turbine Airfoils
,” NASA Contract Rep. NASA
CR
0565-7059, CR-120883
.36.
Metzger
, D.
E.
, Fan
, Z.
N.
, and Shepard
, W.
B.
, 1982,
“Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Through Multiple Rows of
Short Pin Fins
,” Proceedings of the 7th
International Heat Transfer Conference
, Munich, Germany, Vol.
3
, pp.
137
–142
.37.
Short
, B.
E.
, Jr.,
Price
, D.
C.
, and Raad
, P.
E.
, 2004,
“Design of Cast Pin Fin Coldwalls for Air-Cooled Electronic
Systems
,” ASME J. Electron. Packag.
1043-7398,
126
, pp.
67
–73
.38.
Li
, C.
-Y.
, and Garimella
,
S. V.
, 2001,
“Prandtl Number Effects and Generalized Correlations for
Confined and Submerged Jet Impingement
,” Int. J.
Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 44
, pp.
3471
–3480
.39.
Garimella
, S.
V.
, 1999,
“Heat Transfer and Flow Fields in Confined Jet
Impingement
,” Annu. Rev. Heat Transfer
1049-0787, 11
, pp.
413
–494
.40.
Kline
,
S.
, and
McClintock
, F.
A.
, 1953,
“Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample
Experiments
,” Mech. Eng. (Am. Soc. Mech.
Eng.)
0025-6501, 75
(1
), pp.
3
–8
.41.
Incropera
, F.
P.
, and DeWitt
, D.
P.
, 2002,
Introduction to Heat Transfer
, 4th ed.,
Wiley
, New York, pp.
396
.42.
Brigham
, B.
A.
, and Van Fossen
,
G. J.
, 1984,
“Length to Diameter Ratio and Row Number Effects in Short Pin
Fin Heat Transfer
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines
Power
0742-4795, 106
(1
), pp.
241
–245
.43.
Marques
,
C.
, and
Kelly
, K.
W.
, 2004,
“Fabrication and Performance of a Pin Fin Micro Heat
Exchanger
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481,
126
(3
), pp.
434
–444
.44.
Hwang
, T.
H.
, and Yao
, S.
C.
, 1986,
“Crossflow Heat Transfer in Tube Bundles at Low Reynolds
Numbers
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 108
(3
), pp.
697
–700
.45.
Panton
,
R.
,
1996, Incompressible
Flow
, 2nd ed.,
Wiley
, New York, pp.
384
–400
.46.
Çengel
, Y.
A.
, and Turner
, R.
H.
, 2001,
Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluids Sciences
,
McGraw Hill
, Boston, pp.
575
–577
.47.
Shair
, F.
H.
, Grove
, A.
S.
, Petersen
, E.
E.
, and Acrivos
,
A.
,
1963, “The Effect of
Confining Walls on the Stability of the Steady Wake Behind a Circular
Cylinder
,” J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120, 17
, pp.
546
–550
.48.
Nishioka
,
M.
, and
Sato
,
H.
,
1973, “Measurements of
Velocity Distributions in the Wake of a Circular Cylinder at Low Reynolds
Number
,” J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120, 65
, pp.
97
–112
.49.
Short
, B.
E.
, Jr.,
Raad
, P.
E.
, and Price
, D.
C.
, 2002,
“Performance of Pin Fin Cast Aluminum Coldwalls. 2. Colburn
j-Factor Correlations
,” J. Thermophys. Heat
Transfer
0887-8722, 16
(3
), pp.
397
–403
.50.
Gunther
, A.
Y.
, and Shaw
, W.
A.
, 1945,
“A General Correlation of Friction Factors for Various Types
of Surfaces in Cross Flow
,” Trans. ASME
0097-6822, 67
, pp.
643
–660
.51.
Taborek
,
J.
,
1983, “Shell-and-Tube
Heat Exchangers: Single Phase Flow
,” Handbook of
Heat Exchanger Design
, Hemisphere
,
New York, Chap. 3.3.52.
Gaddis
, E.
S.
, and Gnielski
,
V.
,
1985, “Pressure Drop in
Horizontal Cross Flow Across Tube Bundles
,” Int.
Chem. Eng.
0020-6318, 25
(1
), pp.
1
–15
.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
