The effects of heat transfer into a substrate and axial diffusion are analyzed through numerical simulations in order to elucidate the frequency response of wall hot-film gages. The ratio of the conductivities of the substrate and fluid plays an important role in steady flows when it is larger than 5 and the Péclet number is smaller than 50. The equivalent film length increases considerably with the conductivity ratio, and it decreases when a thin film of low conductivity is sandwiched between the hot-film gage and the substrate, showing a net improvement of the heat transfer conditions. The frequency response in unsteady flows is highly attenuated in the presence of heat transfer into the substrate. The cutoff frequency is strongly dependent on the conductivity ratio. Improved response is obtained with the two-layer substrate configuration. It is further shown that axial diffusion considerably affects the frequency response when the shear and/or the streamwise length of the film are small.

Issue Section:
Conduction
Keywords:
film flow, diffusion, heat conduction, flow simulation, boundary layer turbulence, flow measurement, gauges, frequency response, flow instability, Hot-Film Gauge, Axial Diffusion, Conduction to the Substrate, Frequency Response, Full 2D Simulations
Topics:
Diffusion (Physics), Electrical conductivity, Fluids, Frequency response, Gages, Glass, Heat conduction, Heat transfer, Thermal conductivity, Water, Shear (Mechanics), Flow (Dynamics)
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