Measurement and Evaluation of Shaft Torsional Vibrations Using Shaft Instantaneous Angular Velocity

Online evaluation of possible failures of a turbine is a key factor for a successful long-term turbine operation. Fluctuations of generator air-gap torque, caused for example by nonstationary conditions of electrical power grid, influence shaft torsional vibrations as well as rotating blades vibrations. Symptoms of shaft torsional vibrations are not measurable by normally used relative shaft vibrations sensors, so special measurement must be used. The direct consequence of shaft torsional vibrations is local acceleration or deceleration of shaft circumference when it is measured by a stationary sensor. This paper deals with a measurement method using an optical probe measuring the passage of black and white stripes of a zebra tape, which is stuck on the rotor. The shaft torsional vibrations manifest themselves as a phase modulation of the optical probe output signal, so the sampling rate influence the achievable resolution of the calculated shaft vibrations. The presented method for the calculation of the shaft torsional vibrations is based on the evaluation of shaft instantaneous angular velocity. The advantage of this method is a direct compensation of possible nonregular geometry of the zebra tape. The analysis of shaft torsional vibrations evaluation using this method is supplemented by two case studies from the authors' current work.