Abstract
Pressure gain combustion (PGC) is considered to be a potential technology to increase the cycle efficiency of gas turbine. As one viable candidate for PGC, rotating detonation engine (RDE) draws more attention due to its significant advances in continuous mode of operation. In practical, one of the basic challenges for RDE application is to reliably initiate detonation wave. For this purpose, both detonation initiation mechanism and enhancement approach are urgently needed to be understood. In this work, a toroidal shock wave focusing detonation initiator is presented. On this basis, the two-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the detonation initiation characteristics by using the toroidal shock wave focusing. All of the flame acceleration, shock wave focusing, detonation wave forming, and propagation are analyzed in detail. The numerical results show that the toroidal shock wave focusing initiator developed in this study can rapidly realize the detonation initiation over a short distance and performs significantly better than the traditional smooth or obstructed tube based imitators under different operating conditions. Under the same operating condition, the novel developed initiator decreases time of 59.2% and distance of 84.7% for the smooth tube based initiator, and time of 52% and distance of 78.9% for the obstructed one. Besides, the multifield analysis indicates that both the local explosion induced by shock wave focusing in concave cavity and the entrainment vortex generated by shock wave and jet flame in front of diaphragm are important mechanisms to initiate detonation wave. This study is expected to enhance the understanding of the physical mechanism of shock wave focusing detonation initiation and contribute to the development of detonation propulsion technology.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Topics:
Cavities,
Explosions,
Flames,
Pressure,
Shock waves,
Waves,
Temperature,
Computer simulation
References
1.
Kindracki
,
J.
,
Wolański
,
P.
, and
Gut
,
Z.
, 2011
, “
Experimental Research on the Rotating Detonation in Gaseous Fuels-Oxygen Mixtures
,” Shock Waves
,
21
(2
), pp. 75
–84
.10.1007/s00193-011-0298-y2.
Zheng
,
H. T.
,
Qi
,
L.
,
Zhao
,
N. B.
,
Li
,
Z. M.
, and
Liu
,
X.
, 2018
, “
A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Pressure Gain of Continuously Rotating Detonation Combustor for Gas Turbine
,” Appl. Sci.-Basel
,
8
(4
), pp. 1
–19
.10.3390/app80405353.
Meng
,
Q.
,
Zhao
,
N.
,
Zheng
,
H.
,
Yang
,
J.
, and
Qi
,
L.
, 2018
, “
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Inlet Mass Flow Rates on H2/Air Non-Premixed Rotating Detonation Wave
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
,
43
(29
), pp. 13618
–13631
.10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.05.1154.
Frolov
,
S. M.
,
Basevich
,
V. Y.
,
Aksenov
,
V. S.
, and
Polikhov
,
S. A.
, 2005
, “
Detonation Initiation by Controlled Triggering of Electric Discharges
,” J. Propul. Power
,
21
(1
), pp. 54
–64
.10.2514/1.59695.
Frolov
,
S. M.
,
Basevich
,
V. Y.
,
Aksenov
,
V. S.
, and
Polikhov
,
S. A.
, 2005
, “
Optimization Study of Spray Detonation Initiation by Electric Discharges
,” Shock Waves
,
14
(3
), pp. 175
–186
.10.1007/s00193-005-0263-86.
Zhang
,
B.
,
Ng
,
H. D.
, and
Lee
,
J. H. S.
, 2012
, “
Measurement and Scaling Analysis of Critical Energy for Direct Initiation of Gaseous Detonations
,” Shock Waves
,
22
(3
), pp. 275
–279
.10.1007/s00193-011-0351-x7.
Zhukov
,
V.
,
Rakitin
,
A.
, and
Starikovskii
,
A.
, 2007
, “
Detonation Initiation by High-Voltage Pulsed Discharges
,” AIAA
Paper No. 2007-1029. 10.2514/6.2007-10298.
Porowski
,
R.
, and
Teodorczyk
,
A.
, 2013
, “
Experimental Study on DDT for Hydrogen-Methane-Air Mixtures in Tube With Obstacles
,” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind.
,
26
(2
), pp. 374
–379
.10.1016/j.jlp.2012.06.0049.
Silvestrini
,
M.
,
Genova
,
B.
,
Parisi
,
G.
, and
Leon Trujillo
,
F. J.
, 2008
, “
Flame Acceleration and DDT Run-Up Distance for Smooth and Obstacles Filled Tubes
,” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind.
,
21
(5
), pp. 555
–562
.10.1016/j.jlp.2008.05.00210.
Smirnov
,
N. N.
,
Penyazkov
,
O. G.
, and
Sevrouk
,
K. L.
, 2017
, “
Detonation Onset Following Shock Wave Focusing
,” Acta Astronaut.
,
153
, pp. 114
–130
.11.
Chan
,
C. K.
,
Lau
,
D.
,
Thibault
,
P. A.
, et al., 1990
, “
Ignition and Detonation Initiation by Shock Focusing
,” AIP Conf. Proc.
,
208
(1
), pp. 161
–166
.10.1063/1.3943412.
Gelfand
,
B. E.
,
Khomik
,
S. V.
,
Bartenev
,
A. M.
,
Medvedev
,
S. P.
,
Grönig
,
H.
, and
Olivier
,
H.
, 2000
, “
Detonation and Deflagration Initiation at the Focusing of Shock Waves in Combustible Gaseous Mixture
,” Shock Waves
,
10
(3
), pp. 197
–204
.10.1007/s00193005000713.
Bartenev
,
A. M.
,
Khomik
,
S. V.
,
Gelfand
,
B. E.
,
Grönig
,
H.
, and
Olivier
,
H.
, 2000
, “
Effect of Reflection Type on Detonation Initiation at Shock-Wave Focusing
,” Shock Waves
,
10
(3
), pp. 205
–215
.10.1007/s00193005000814.
Shugaev
,
F. V.
,
Serov
,
A. O.
,
Shtemenko
,
L. S.
,
Kishige
,
H.
, and
Nishida
,
M.
, 1999
, “
Formation of a Jet and Vortices Behind a Shock Wave Reflected From a Concave Body
,” Shock Waves
,
9
(1
), pp. 31
–35
.10.1007/s00193005013615.
Khomik
,
S. V.
,
Medvedev
,
S. P.
,
Polenov
,
A. N.
, and
Gelfand
,
B. E.
, 2007
, “
Conditions of Detonation Initiation by Focusing Shock Waves in a Combustible Gas Mixture
,” Combust. Explos. Shock Waves
,
43
(6
), pp. 697
–702
.10.1007/s10573-007-0094-216.
Skews
,
B. W.
, and
Harald
,
K.
, 2007
, “
Flow Features Resulting From Shock Wave Impact on a Cylindrical Cavity
,” J. Fluid Mech.
,
580
(4
), pp. 481
–493
.10.1017/S002211200700575717.
Murray
,
S.
, and
Lee
,
J. H.
, 1983
, “
On the Transmission of Planar Detonation to Cylindrical Detonation
,” Combust. Flame
,
52
(83
), pp. 269
–289
.10.1016/0010-2180(83)90138-418.
Wang
,
B.
, He, H., and Yu, S. T. J., 2005
, “
Direct Calculation of Wave Implosion for Detonation Initiation in Pulsed Detonation Engines
,” AIAA
Paper No. 2005-1306.10.2514/6.2005-130619.
Wang
,
B.
,
He
,
H.
, and
Yu
,
S. T. J.
, 2005
, “
Direct Calculation of Wave Implosion for Detonation Initiation in Pulsed Detonation Engines
,” AIAA J.
,
43
(10
), pp. 2157
–2169
.10.2514/1.1188720.
Uemura
,
Y.
,
Hayashi
,
A. K.
,
Asahara
,
M.
, et al., 2013
, “
Transverse Wave Generation Mechanism in Rotating Detonation
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
,
334
(2
), pp. 1981
–1988
.21.
Liu
,
W.
, 2012
, “
Mechanism of Indirect Initiation of Detonation
,” Combust. Flame
,
159
(5
), pp. 1997
–2007
.10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.12.02122.
Mansouri
,
Z.
,
Aouissi
,
M.
, and
Boushaki
,
T.
, 2016
, “
Detached Eddy Simulation of High Turbulent Swirling Reacting Flow in a Premixed Model Burner
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
,
188
(11–12
), p. 1777
.10.1080/00102202.2016.121188823.
Taylor
,
B.
,
Kessler
,
D.
,
Gamezo
,
V.
, et al., 2012
, “
The Influence of Chemical Kinetics on the Structure of Hydrogen-Air Detonations
,” AIAA
Paper No. 2012-0979. 10.2514/6.2012-097924.
Taylor
,
B.
,
Houim
,
R.
,
Kessler
,
D.
, et al., 2013
, “
Detonation Initiation and Shock-Flame Interaction in Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
,” AIAA
Paper No. 2013-1171. 10.2514/6.2013-117125.
Yu
,
S.
, and
Navarro-Martinez
,
S.
, 2015
, “
Modelling of Deflagration to Detonation Transition Using Flame Thickening
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
,
35
(2
), pp. 1955
–1961
.10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.04426.
Gamezo
,
V.
,
Ogawa
,
T.
, and
Oran
,
E.
, 2006
, “
Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in H2-Air Mixtures: Effect of Blockage Ratio
,” AIAA
Paper No. 2009-440. 10.2514/6.2009-44027.
Khomik
,
S. V.
,
Medvedev
,
S. P.
,
Veyssiere
,
B.
,
Olivier
,
H.
,
Maksimova
,
O. G.
, and
Silnikov
,
M. V.
, 2014
, “
Initiation and Suppression of Explosive Processes in Hydrogen-Containing Mixtures by Means of Permeable Barriers
,” Russ. Chem. Bull.
,
63
(8
), pp. 1666
–1676
.10.1007/s11172-014-0652-128.
Frolov
,
S. M.
,
Semenov
,
I. V.
,
Komissarov
,
P. V.
,
Utkin
,
P. S.
, and
Markov
,
V. V.
, 2007
, “
Reduction of the Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition Distance and Time in a Tube With Regular Shaped Obstacles
,” Doklady Phys. Chem.
,
415
(2
), pp. 209
–213
.10.1134/S001250160708002729.
Oran
,
E. S.
, and
Gamezo
,
V. N.
, 2007
, “
Origins of the Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Gas-Phase Combustion
,” Combust. Flame
,
148
(1–2
), pp. 4
–47
.10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.07.01030.
Goodwin
,
G. B.
,
Houim
,
R. W.
, and
Oran
,
E. S.
, 2016
, “
Effect of Decreasing Blockage Ratio on DDT in Small Channels With Obstacles
,” Combust. Flame
,
173
, pp. 16
–26
.10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.02931.
Goodwin
,
G. B.
,
Houim
,
R. W.
, and
Oran
,
E. S.
, 2017
, “
Shock Transition to Detonation in Channels With Obstacles
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
,
36
(2
), pp. 2717
–2724
.10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.16032.
Tsuboi
,
N.
,
Morii
,
Y.
, and
Hayashi
,
A. K.
, 2013
, “
Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation on Galloping Detonation in a Narrow Channel
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
,
34
(2
), pp. 1999
–2007
.10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.13233.
Wintenberger
,
E.
,
Austin
,
J. M.
,
Cooper
,
M.
,
Jackson
,
S.
, and
Shepherd
,
J. E.
, 2003
, “
Analytical Model for the Impulse of Single-Cycle Pulse Detonation Tube
,” J. Propul. Power
,
19
(1
), pp. 22
–38
.10.2514/2.609934.
Blanchard
,
R.
,
Arndt
,
D.
,
Grätz
,
R.
, and
Scheider
,
S.
, 2011
, “
Effect of Ignition Position on the Run-Up Distance to DDT for Hydrogen–Air Explosions
,” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind.
,
24
(2
), pp. 194
–199
.10.1016/j.jlp.2010.12.00735.
Kuznetsov
,
M.
,
Alekseev
,
V.
,
Matsukov
,
I.
, and
Dorofeev
,
S.
, 2005
, “
DDT in a Smooth Tube Filled With a Hydrogen–Oxygen Mixture
,” Shock Waves
,
14
(3
), pp. 205
–215
.10.1007/s00193-005-0265-636.
Bychkov
,
V.
,
Akkerman
,
V.
,
Fru
,
G.
,
Petchenko
,
A.
, and
Eriksson
,
L.-E.
, 2007
, “
Flame Acceleration in the Early Stages of Burning in Tubes
,” Combust. Flame
,
150
(4
), pp. 263
–276
.10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.01.00437.
Naples
,
A.
,
Yu
,
S. T. J.
,
Hoke
,
J.
,
Busby
,
K.
, and
Schauer
,
F.
, 2013
, “
Pressure Scaling Effects on Ignition and Detonation Initiation in a Pulse Detonation Engine
,” J. Recept. Signal Transduction Res.
,
19
(1–4
), pp. 493
–507
.10.2514/6.2009-106238.
Xiao
,
H.
,
Houim
,
R. W.
, and
Oran
,
E. S.
, 2015
, “
Formation and Evolution of Distorted Tulip Flames
,” Combust. Flame
,
162
(11
), pp. 4084
–4101
.10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.08.02039.
Xiao
,
H.
,
Wang
,
Q.
,
He
,
X.
,
Sun
,
J.
, and
Shen
,
X.
, 2011
, “
Experimental Study on the Behaviors and Shape Changes of Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flames Propagating in Horizontal Duct
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
,
36
(10
), pp. 6325
–6336
.10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.04940.
N'Konga
,
B.
,
Fernandez
,
G.
,
Guillard
,
H.
, et al., 1993
, “
Numerical Investigations of the Tulip Flame Instability Comparisons With Experimental Results
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
,
87
(1–6
), pp. 69
–89
.10.1080/0010220920894720841.
Xiao
,
H.
,
Houim
,
R. W.
, and
Oran
,
E. S.
, 2017
, “
Effects of Pressure Waves on the Stability of Flames Propagating in Tubes
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
,
36
(1
), pp. 1577
–1583
.10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.12642.
Grogan
,
K. P.
,
Goldsborough
,
S. S.
, and
Ihme
,
M.
, 2015
, “
Ignition Regimes in Rapid Compression Machines
,” Combust. Flame
,
162
(8
), pp. 3071
–3080
.10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.03.02043.
Zhang
,
Y.
,
Fan
,
J. Y.
, and
Wang
,
D. Z.
, 2007
, “
Large-Eddy Simulation of Three-Dimensional Vortical Structures for an Impinging Transverse Jet in the Near Region
,” J. Hydrodyn. Ser. B
,
19
(3
), pp. 314
–321
.10.1016/S1001-6058(07)60064-X44.
Ahmed
,
U.
, and
Prosser
,
R.
, 2016
, “
Modelling Flame Turbulence Interaction in RANS Simulation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion
,” Combust. Theory Modell.
,
20
(1
), pp. 34
–57
.10.1080/13647830.2015.111513045.
Hatanaka
,
K.
,
Saito
,
T.
, and
Takayama
,
K.
, 2012
, “
Numerical Studies of Shock Focusing Induced by Reflection of Detonation Waves Within a Hemispherical Implosion Chamber
,” Shock Waves
,
22
(6
), pp. 567
–578
.10.1007/s00193-012-0411-x46.
Massa
,
L.
,
Austin
,
J.
, and
Jackson
,
T.
, 2007
, “
Triple Point Shear-Layers in Gaseous Detonation Waves
,” J. Fluid Mech.
,
586
(586
), pp. 205
–248
.10.1017/S002211200700700847.
Liang
,
Z.
, and
Bauwens
,
L.
, 2005
, “
Cell Structure and Stability of Detonations With a Pressure-Dependent Chain-Branching Reaction Rate Model
,” Combust. Theory Modell.
,
9
(1
), pp. 93
–112
.10.1080/1364783050005188548.
Ciccarelli
,
G.
,
Ginsberg
,
T.
,
Boccio
,
J.
,
Economos
,
C.
,
Sato
,
K.
, and
Kinoshita
,
M.
, 1994
, “
Detonation Cell Size Measurements and Predictions in Hydrogen-Air-Steam Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures
,” Combust. Flame
,
99
(2
), pp. 212
–220
.10.1016/0010-2180(94)90124-449.
Hanana
,
M.
,
Lefebvre
,
M. H.
, and
Tiggelen
,
P. J. V.
, 2000
, “
Preliminary Experimental Investigation of the Pressure Evolution in Detonation Cells
,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
,
21
(1–3
), pp. 64
–70
.10.1016/S0894-1777(99)00055-250.
Zhao
,
H.
,
Lee
,
J. H. S.
,
Lee
,
J.
, and
Zhang
,
Y.
, 2016
, “
Quantitative Comparison of Cellular Patterns of Stable and Unstable Mixtures
,” Shock Waves
,
26
(5
), pp. 621
–13
.10.1007/s00193-016-0673-951.
Lefebvre
,
M.
,
Oran
,
E.
,
Kailasanath
,
K.
, and
Vantiggelen
,
P.
, 1993
, “
The Influence of the Heat Capacity and Diluent on Detonation Structure
,” Combust. Flame
,
95
(1–2
), pp. 206
–218
.10.1016/0010-2180(93)90062-852.
Ciccarelli
,
G.
,
Boccio
,
J. L.
,
Ginsberg
,
T.
, and
Tagawa
,
H.
, 1996
, “
The Influence of Initial Temperature on Flame Acceleration and Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition
,” Symp. Combust.
,
26
(2
), pp. 2973
–2979
.10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80140-853.
Ciccarelli
,
G.
,
Fowler
,
C. J.
, and
Bardon
,
M.
, 2005
, “
Effect of Obstacle Size and Spacing on the Initial Stage of Flame Acceleration in a Rough Tube
,” Shock Waves
,
14
(3
), pp. 161
–166
.10.1007/s00193-005-0259-4Copyright © 2019 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
