Fractal analysis is undertaken to characterize flame surface fluctuations on an unconfined turbulent premixed flame and the resulting far-field acoustics fluctuations. Results indicate that combustion noise is monofractal and is characterized by an anticorrelated structure with a Hurst exponent less than 0.5. The anticorrelated nature was identified in the pressure fluctuations as well as flame surface fluctuations for small time-scales. Additionally, results suggest that flame surface fluctuations are multifractal for large time scales. The calculated Hurst exponent increases noticeably with the equivalence ratio and decreases slightly with Reynolds number for the investigated operating conditions. Variation in the Hurst exponent for combustion noise data is compared with a case study of synthetic fluctuations comprised of linear combinations of white and 1/f2 noise. These results provide a more detailed characterization of the temporal structure of flame surface fluctuations and resulting noise emission from turbulent premixed flames than is presently known.
Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions
References
References
1.
Dowling
, A. P.
Mahmoudi
, Y.
2015
, “Combustion Noise
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 35
(1
), pp. 65
–100
.2.
Giammar
, R. D.
Putnam
, A. A.
1970
, “Combustion Roar of Turbulent Diffusion Flames
,” ASME J. Eng. Power
, 92
(2
), p. 157
.3.
Strahle
, W. C.
1978
, “Combustion Noise
,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.
, 4
(3
) pp. 157
–176
.4.
Ducruix
, S.
Schuller
, T.
Durox
, D.
Candel
, S.
2003
, “Combustion Dynamics and Instabilities: Elementary Coupling and Driving Mechanisms
,” J. Propul. Power
, 19
(5
), pp. 722
–734
.5.
Chakravarthy
, S. R.
Sampath
, R.
Ramanan
, V.
2016
, “Dynamics and Diagnostics of Flame–Acoustic Interactions: A Review
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
, 189(3), pp. 395–437.6.
Morgans
, A. S.
Duran
, I.
2016
, “Entropy Noise: A Review of Theory, Progress and Challenges
,” Int. J. Spray Combust. Dyn.
, 8
(4
), pp. 285
–298
.7.
Strahle
, W. C.
1971
, “On Combustion Generated Noise
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 49
(2
), pp. 399
–414
.8.
Chiu
, H.
Summerfield
, M.
1974
, “Theory of Combustion Noise
,” Acta Astronaut.
, 1
(7–8
), pp. 967
–984
.9.
Peters
, N.
Franke
, C.
1990
, The Fractal Concept of Turbulent Flames
, Springer
, Berlin
, pp. 40
–50
.10.
Clavin
, P.
Siggia
, E. D.
1991
, “Turbulent Premixed Flames and Sound Generation
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
, 78
(1–3
), pp. 147
–155
.11.
Strahle
, W. C.
1985
, “A More Modern Theory of Combustion Noise,” Recent Advances in the Aerospace Sciences, Springer
, Boston, MA
, pp. 103
–114
.12.
Mahan
, J. R.
1984
, “A Critical Review of Noise Production Models for Turbulent, Gas-Fueled Burners
,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, Report No. NASA-CR-3803
. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=1984001831613.
Price
, R.
Hurle
, I.
Sugden
, T.
1969
, “Optical Studies of the Generation of Noise in Turbulent Flames
,” Symp. (Int.) Combust.
, 12
(1
), pp. 1093
–1102
.14.
Shivashankara
, B. N.
Strahle
, W. C.
Handley
, J. C.
1975
, “Evaluation of Combustion Noise Scaling Laws by an Optical Technique
,” AIAA J.
, 13
(5
), pp. 623
–627
.15.
Kotake
, S.
Takamoto
, K.
1987
, “Combustion Noise: Effects of the Shape and Size of Burner Nozzle
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 112
(2
), pp. 345
–354
.16.
Rajaram
, R.
Lieuwen
, T.
2009
, “Acoustic Radiation From Turbulent Premixed Flames
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 637
, pp. 357
–385
.17.
Nawroth
, H.
Paschereit
, C. O.
2015
, “Effects of Shear Layer Manipulation on Noise Emissions of a Turbulent Jet Flame
,” AIAA
Paper No. 2015-0303. 18.
Candel
, S.
Durox
, D.
Ducruix
, S.
Birbaud
, A.-L.
Noiray
, N.
Schuller
, T.
2009
, “Flame Dynamics and Combustion Noise: Progress and Challenges
,” Int. J. Aeroacoustics
, 8
(1
), pp. 1
–56
.19.
Wäsle
, J.
Winkler
, A.
Sattelmayer
, T.
2005
, “Spatial Coherence of the Heat Release Fluctuations in Turbulent Jet and Swirl Flames
,” Flow, Turbul. Combust.
, 75
(1–4
), pp. 29
–50
.20.
Hirsch
, C.
Wäsle
, J.
Winkler
, A.
Sattelmayer
, T.
2007
, “A Spectral Model for the Sound Pressure From Turbulent Premixed Combustion
,” Proc. Combust. Inst.
, 31
(1
), pp. 1435
–1441
.21.
Swaminathan
, N.
Xu
, G.
Dowling
, A. P.
Balachandran
, R.
2011
, “Heat Release Rate Correlation and Combustion Noise in Premixed Flames
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 681
, pp. 80
–115
.22.
Gouldin
, F.
Hilton
, S.
Lamb
, T.
1989
, “Experimental Evaluation of the Fractal Geometry of Flamelets
,” Symp. (Int.) Combust.
, 22
(1
), pp. 541
–550
.23.
Strahle
, W. C.
Jagoda
, J. I.
1989
, “Fractal Geometry Applications in Turbulent Combustion Data Analysis
,” Symp. (Int.) Combust.
, 22
(1
), pp. 561
–568
.24.
North
, G.
Santavicca
, D.
1990
, “The Fractal Nature of Premixed Turbulent Flames
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
, 72
(4–6
), pp. 215
–232
.25.
Santavicca
, D. A.
Liou
, D.
North
, G. L.
1990
, “A Fractal Model of Turbulent Flame Kernel Growth
,” SAE
Paper No. 900024. 26.
Strahle
, W. C.
1991
, “Turbulent Combustion Data Analysis Using Fractals
,” AIAA J.
, 29
(3
), pp. 409
–417
.27.
Kabiraj
, L.
Saurabh
, A.
Nawroth
, H.
Paschereit
, C. O.
2015
, “Recurrence Analysis of Combustion Noise
,” AIAA J.
, 53
(5
), pp. 1199
–1210
.28.
Kabiraj
, L.
Saurabh
, A.
Nawroth
, H.
Paschereit
, C. O.
Sujith
, R. I.
Karimi
, N.
2016
, Recurrence Plots for t He Analysis of Combustion Dynamics
, Springer International Publishing
, Cham, Switzerland
, pp. 321
–339
.29.
Prasad
, R. R.
Sreenivasan
, K. R.
1990
, “The Measurement and Interpretation of Fractal Dimensions of the Scalar Interface in Turbulent Flows
,” Phys. Fluids A: Fluid Dyn.
, 2
(5
), p. 792
.30.
Sreenivasan
, K. R.
1991
, “Fractals and Multifractals in Fluid Turbulence
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 23
(1)
, pp. 539
–604
.31.
Kantelhardt
, J. W.
Koscielny-Bunde
, E.
Rego
, H. H.
Havlin
, S.
Bunde
, A.
2001
, “Detecting Long-Range Correlations With Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
,” Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl.
, 295
(3–4
), pp. 441
–454
.32.
Arnold
, J. S.
1972
, “Generation of Combustion Noise
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
, 52
(1A
), p. 5
.33.
Ramachandra
, M. K.
Strahle
, W. C.
1983
, “Acoustic Signature From Flames as a Combustion Diagnostic Tool
,” AIAA J.
, 21
(8
), pp. 1107
–1114
.34.
Nair
, V.
Sujith
, R. I.
2014
, “Multifractality in Combustion Noise: Predicting an Impending Combustion Instability
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 747
, pp. 635
–655
.35.
Kabiraj
, L.
Steinert
, R.
Saurabh
, A.
Paschereit
, C. O.
2015
, “Coherence Resonance in a Thermoacoustic System
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 92
(4
), p. 042909.36.
Eke
, A.
Hermán
, P.
Bassingthwaighte
, J.
Raymond
, G.
Percival
, D.
Cannon
, M.
Balla
, I.
Ikrényi
, C.
2000
, “Physiological Time Series: Distinguishing Fractal Noises From Motions
,” Pflügers Archiv-Eur. J. Physiol.
, 439
(4
), pp. 403
–415
.37.
Peng
, C.-K.
Buldyrev
, S. V.
Havlin
, S.
Simons
, M.
Stanley
, H. E.
Goldberger
, A. L.
1994
, “Mosaic Organization of DNA Nucleotides
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 49
(2
), pp. 1685
–1689
.38.
Kantelhardt
, J. W.
Zschiegner
, S. A.
Koscielny-Bunde
, E.
Havlin
, S.
Bunde
, A.
Stanley
, H.
2002
, “Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series
,” Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl.
, 316
(1–4
), pp. 87
–114
.39.
Ihlen
, E. A. F.
2012
, “Introduction to Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis in Matlab
,” Front. Physiol.
, 3
, p. 141. 40.
Gao
, J.
Hu
, J.
wen Tung
, W.
2011
, “Facilitating Joint Chaos and Fractal Analysis of Biosignals Through Nonlinear Adaptive Filtering
,” PLoS ONE
, 6
(9
), p. e24331
.41.
Unni
, V. R.
Sujith
, R. I.
2015
, “Multifractal Characteristics of Combustor Dynamics Close to Lean Blowout
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 784
, pp. 30
–50
.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
