It is generally accepted that combustion of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures will become more prevalent in the near future, to allow for a further penetration of renewables in the European power generation system. The current work aims at the demonstration of the advantages of steam dilution, when highly reactive combustible mixtures are used in a swirl-stabilized combustor. To this end, high-pressure experiments have been conducted with a generic swirl-stabilized combustor featuring axial air injection to increase flashback safety. The experiments have been conducted with two fuel mixtures, at various pressure levels up to 9 bar and at four levels of steam dilution up to 25% steam-to-air mass flow ratio. Natural gas has been used as a reference fuel, whereas a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen (10% hydrogen by mass) represented an upper limit of hydrogen concentration in a natural gas network with hydrogen enrichment. The results of the emissions measurements are presented along with a reactor network model. The latter is applied as a means to qualitatively understand the chemical processes responsible for the observed emissions and their trends with increasing pressure and steam injection.
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April 2017
Research-Article
Emissions of a Wet Premixed Flame of Natural Gas and a Mixture With Hydrogen at High Pressure
P. Stathopoulos,
P. Stathopoulos
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
e-mail: stathopoulos@tu-berlin.de
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
e-mail: stathopoulos@tu-berlin.de
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P. Kuhn,
P. Kuhn
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
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J. Wendler,
J. Wendler
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
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T. Tanneberger,
T. Tanneberger
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
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S. Terhaar,
S. Terhaar
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
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C. O. Paschereit,
C. O. Paschereit
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
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C. Schmalhofer,
C. Schmalhofer
German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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P. Griebel,
P. Griebel
German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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M. Aigner
M. Aigner
German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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P. Stathopoulos
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
e-mail: stathopoulos@tu-berlin.de
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
e-mail: stathopoulos@tu-berlin.de
P. Kuhn
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
J. Wendler
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
T. Tanneberger
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
S. Terhaar
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
C. O. Paschereit
Chair of Fluid Dynamics
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
Hermann-Föttinger-Institut,
Technische Universität Berlin,
Müller-Breslau-Str. 8,
Berlin 10623, Germany
C. Schmalhofer
German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
P. Griebel
German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
M. Aigner
German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Institute of Combustion Technology,
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40,
Stuttgart 70569, Germany
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Combustion and Fuels Committee of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER. Manuscript received July 13, 2016; final manuscript received August 17, 2016; published online November 2, 2016. Editor: David Wisler.
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Apr 2017, 139(4): 041507 (8 pages)
Published Online: November 2, 2016
Article history
Received:
July 13, 2016
Revised:
August 17, 2016
Citation
Stathopoulos, P., Kuhn, P., Wendler, J., Tanneberger, T., Terhaar, S., Paschereit, C. O., Schmalhofer, C., Griebel, P., and Aigner, M. (November 2, 2016). "Emissions of a Wet Premixed Flame of Natural Gas and a Mixture With Hydrogen at High Pressure." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. April 2017; 139(4): 041507. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034687
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