Partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) is an established advanced engine strategy that enables the simultaneous reduction of soot and emissions in diesel engines. Measuring extremely low levels of soot emissions achievable with LTC modes using a filter smoke meter requires large sample volumes and repeated measurements to achieve the desired data precision and accuracy. Even taking such measures, doubt exists as to whether filter smoke number (FSN) accurately represents the actual smoke emissions emitted from such low soot conditions. The use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel also compounds efforts to accurately report soot emissions since the reflectivity of high levels of organic matter found on the particulate matter collected may result in erroneous readings from the optical detector. Using FSN, it is desired to report mass emissions of soot using empirical correlations derived for use with petroleum diesel fuels and conventional modes of combustion. The work presented in this paper compares the experimental results of well known formulas for calculating the mass of soot using FSN and the elemental carbon mass using thermal optical analysis (TOA) over a range of operating conditions and fuels from a four-cylinder direct-injection passenger car diesel engine. The data show that the mass of soot emitted by the engine can be accurately predicted with the smoke meter method utilizing a 3000 ml sample volume over a range of FSN from 0.02 to 1.5. Soot mass exhaust concentration calculated from FSN using the best of the literature expressions and that from TOA taken over all conditions correlated linearly with a slope of 0.99 and value of 0.94. A primary implication of the work is that the level of confidence in reporting the soot mass based on FSN for low soot formation regimes such as LTC is improved for both petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuels.
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October 2011
Research Papers
Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine
William F. Northrop,
William F. Northrop
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Stanislav V. Bohac,
Stanislav V. Bohac
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Jo-Yu Chin,
Jo-Yu Chin
Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Dennis N. Assanis
Dennis N. Assanis
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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William F. Northrop
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Stanislav V. Bohac
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Jo-Yu Chin
Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Dennis N. Assanis
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Oct 2011, 133(10): 102804 (6 pages)
Published Online: May 4, 2011
Article history
Received:
October 11, 2010
Revised:
October 13, 2010
Online:
May 4, 2011
Published:
May 4, 2011
Citation
Northrop, W. F., Bohac, S. V., Chin, J., and Assanis, D. N. (May 4, 2011). "Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. October 2011; 133(10): 102804. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002918
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