The potential human health and environmental impacts of aircraft gas turbine engine emissions during normal airport operation are issues of growing concern. During the JETS/Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment(APEX)-2 and APEX-3 field campaigns, we performed an extensive series of gas phase and particulate emissions measurements of on-wing gas turbine engines. In all, nine different CFM56 style engines (including both CFM56-3B1 and -7B22 models) and seven additional engines (two RB211-535E4-B engines, three AE3007 engines, one PW4158, and one CJ6108A) were studied to evaluate engine-to-engine variability. Specific gas-phase measurements include , NO, and total , HCHO, , CO, and a range of volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, styrene, toluene, naphthalene). A number of broad conclusions can be made based on the gas-phase data set: (1) field measurements of gas-phase emission indices (EIs) are generally consistent with ICAO certification values; (2) speciation of gas phase between NO and is reproducible for different engine types and favors at low power (and low fuel flow rate) and NO at high power (high fuel flow rate); (3) emission indices of gas-phase organic compounds and CO decrease rapidly with increasing fuel flow rate; (4) plotting EI-CO or volatile organic compound EIs against fuel flow rate collapses much of the variability between the different engines, with one exception (AE3007); (5) HCHO, ethylene, acetaldehyde, and propene are the most abundant volatile organic compounds present in the exhaust gases that we can detect, independent of engine technology differences. Empirical correlations accurate to within 30% and based on the publicly available engine parameters are presented for estimating EI- and EI-. Engine-to-engine variability, unavailability of combustor input conditions, changing ambient temperatures, and complex reaction dynamics limit the accuracy of global correlations for CO or volatile organic compound EIs.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
June 2010
Research Papers
Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part I: Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides
Scott C. Herndon,
Scott C. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
Ezra C. Wood,
Ezra C. Wood
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
Timothy B. Onasch,
Timothy B. Onasch
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
Megan J. Northway,
Megan J. Northway
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
John T. Jayne,
John T. Jayne
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
Manjula R. Canagaratna,
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
Richard C. Miake-Lye,
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Search for other works by this author on:
W. Berk Knighton
W. Berk Knighton
Department of Chemistry,
Montana State University
, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717-3400
Search for other works by this author on:
Michael T. Timko
Scott C. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Ezra C. Wood
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Timothy B. Onasch
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Megan J. Northway
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
John T. Jayne
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
W. Berk Knighton
Department of Chemistry,
Montana State University
, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717-3400J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jun 2010, 132(6): 061504 (14 pages)
Published Online: March 19, 2010
Article history
Received:
April 13, 2009
Revised:
July 7, 2009
Published:
March 19, 2010
Connected Content
A companion article has been published:
Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part II: Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter
Citation
Timko, M. T., Herndon, S. C., Wood, E. C., Onasch, T. B., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Canagaratna, M. R., Miake-Lye, R. C., and Knighton, W. B. (March 19, 2010). "Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part I: Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. June 2010; 132(6): 061504. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4000131
Download citation file:
Get Email Alerts
Experimental Identification Of Blade Tip Rub Forces At Engine Relevant Temperatures And Speeds
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
Study Of Tandem Rotor Dual Wake Interaction With Downstream Stator Under Unsteady Numerical Approach
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
Experimental Design Validation of a Swirl-Stabilized Burner With Fluidically Variable Swirl Number
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power (April 2025)
Experimental Characterization of a Bladeless Air Compressor
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power (April 2025)
Related Articles
25 Years of BBC/ABB/Alstom Lean Premix Combustion Technologies
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power (January,2007)
The Role of Fuel Preparation in Low-Emission Combustion
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power (October,1995)
Steady and Dynamic Performance and Emissions of a Variable Geometry Combustor in a Gas Turbine Engine
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power (October,2003)
IN MEMORIAM : Professor Arthur H. Lefebvre (1923–2003)
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power (April,2004)
Related Proceedings Papers
Related Chapters
Energy Options and Terms: An Introduction
Energy Supply and Pipeline Transportation: Challenges & Opportunities
Sources of Chitosan
Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Promising Drug Delivery Carriers
The Effect of Temperature on Polymer Supported Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst for Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds
International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering 4th (ICCEE 2011)