The present paper examines the effect of water injection at the compressor inlet or between stages, on its operation. A wet compression model coupled with an engine performance model is used. The wet compression model produces the compressor performance map when water is present and consists of a one-dimensional stage stacking model, coupled with a droplet evaporation model. The effect of water injection on overall performance and individual stage operation is examined. The map-generation procedure is embedded in an engine performance model and a study of water injection effect on overall engine performance is undertaken. The possibility to evaluate the effect on various parameters such as power, thermal efficiency, surge margin, as well as the progression of droplets through the stages is demonstrated. The results indicate that water injection causes significant stage rematching, leading the compressor toward stall and that the performance enhancement is greater as the injection point moves towards compressor inlet.
Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Industrial & Cogeneration
1.
Utamura
, M.
, Takehara
, I.
, and Karasawa
, H.
, 1998, “MAT, A Novel, Open Cycle Gas Turbine for Power Augmentation
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
0196-8904, 39
(16–18
), pp. 1631
–1642
.2.
Utamura
, M.
, Takehara
, I.
, Horii
, N.
, and Kuwahara
, T.
, 1997, “A New Gas Turbine Cycle for Economical Power Boosting
,” ASME Paper No. 97-AA-142.3.
Horlock
, J. H.
, 1997, “The Evaporative Gas Turbine [EGT] Cycle
,” ASME Paper No. 97-GT-408.4.
Meher Homji
, C. B.
, and Mee
, T. R.
, III, 2000, “Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines, Part A: Theory, Psychrometrics, and Fog Generation
,” ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-307.5.
Bakken
, L. E.
, Jordal
, K.
, Syverud
, E.
, and Veer
, T.
, 2004 “Centenary of the First Gas Turbine to Given Net Power Output: A Tribure to Ægidius Elling
,” ASME Paper No. GT2004-53211.6.
Trout
, A. M.
, 1950, “Theoretical Turbojet Thrust Augmentation by Evaporation of Water During Compression as Determined by Use of a Mollier Diagram
,” NACA TN 2104, June.7.
Hill
, P. G.
, 1963, “Aerodynamic and Thermodynamic Effects of Coolant Injection on Axial Compressors
,” Aeronaut. Q.
0001-9259, 14
, pp. 333
–348
.8.
Utamura
, M.
, Kuwahara
, T.
, Murata
, H.
, and Horii
, N.
, 1999, “Effect of Intensive Evaporative Cooling on Performance Characteristics of Land Based Gas Turbine
,” Proc. International Joint Power Generation Conference
, ASME
, NY, Vol. 2
- Power, PWR Vol. 34
, pp. 321
–328
.9.
Sexton
, M. R.
, Urbach
, H. B.
, and Knauss
, D. T.
, 1998, “Evaporative Cooling for NOx Suppression and Enhanced Engine Performance for Naval Gas Turbine Propulsion Plants
,” ASME Paper No. 98-GT-332.10.
Sexton
, W. R.
, and Sexton
, M. R.
, 2003, “The Effect of Wet Compression on Gas Turbine Operating Performance
,” ASME Paper No. GT2003-38045.11.
Meacock
, A. J.
, and White
, A. J.
, 2004, “The Effect of Water Injection on Multi-Spool Gas Turbine Behaviour
,” ASME Paper No. GT2004-53320.12.
Ingistov
, S.
, 2001, “Interstage Injection System for Heavy Duty Industrial Gas Turbine Model 7EA
,” ASME Paper No. 2001-GT-0407.13.
Ingistov
, S.
, 2002, “Interstage Injection Into Axial Compressor Gas Turbine Model 7EA, Part 2
,” ASME Paper No. GT2002-30656.14.
Bagnoli
, M.
Bianchi
, M.
, Melino
, F.
, Peretto
, A.
, Spina
, P. R.
, Bhargava
, R.
, and Ingistov
, S.
, 2004, “A Parametric Study of Interstage Injection on GE Frame 7EA Gas Turbine
, ASME Paper No. GT2004-53042.15.
Arsen’ev
, L. V.
, and Berkovich
, A. L.
, 1996, “The Parameters of Gas Turbine Units With Water Injected Into the Compressor
,” Therm. Eng.
, 43
(6
), pp. 461
–465
.16.
Spaling
, D. B.
, 1979, Combustor and Mass Transfer
, Pergamon Press
, New York, pp. 82
–99
.17.
White
, A. J.
, and Meacock
, A. J.
, 2003, “An Evaluation of the Effects of Water Injection on Compressor Performance
,” ASME Paper No. GT-2003-38237.18.
Marrero
, T. R.
, and Mason
, E. A.
, 1972, “Gaseous Diffusion Coefficients
,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
0047-2689 1
, pp. 3
–118
.19.
Robbins
, W. H.
, and Dugan
, J. F.
, 1965, “Prediction of Off Design Performance of Multistage Compressors
,” “Aerodynamic Design of Axial Flow Compressors
,” NASA SP 36, I. H.
Jonsen
and R. O.
Bullock
, eds., NASA
, WA, DC, pp. 297
–310
.20.
Mathioudakis
, K.
, and Stamatis
, A.
, 1994, “Compressor Fault Identification From Overall Performance Data Based on Adaptive Stage Stacking
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 116
, pp. 156
–164
.21.
Young
, J. B.
, 1995, “The Fundamental Equations of Gas Droplet Multiphase Flow
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
0301-9322, 21
(2
), pp. 175
–191
.22.
Csanady
, G. T.
, 1964, Theory of Turbomachines
, McGraw-Hill
, NY.23.
Tsalavoutas
A.
, Stamatis
A.
, and Mathioudakis
K.
, 1994, “Derivation of Compressor Stage Characteristics, for Accurate Overall Perfrormance Map Prediction
” ASME Paper No. 94-GT-372.24.
Cataldi
, G.
, Güntner
, H.
, Matz
, C.
, McKay
, T.
, Hoffmann
, J.
, Nemet
, A.
, Lecheler
, S.
, and Braun
, J.
, 2004, “Influence of High Fogging Systems on Gas Turbine Engine Operation and Performance
,” ASME Paper No. GT2004-53788.25.
Carchedi
F.
, and Wood
G. R.
, 1982, “Design and Development of a 12:1 Pressure Ratio Compressor for the Ruston 6-MW Gas Turbine
,” ASME Paper No. 82-GT-20.26.
Roumeliotis
I.
, Mathioudakis
K.
, and Aretakis
N.
, 2003, “Performance Analysis of Twin Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines Using Adaptive Modeling
,” ASME Paper No. GT2003-38516.27.
Stamatis
, A.
, Mathioudakis
, K.
, Papailiou
, D. K.
, 1990 “Adaptive Simulation of Gas Turbine Performance
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 112
, pp. 168
–175
.28.
Loebig
J
, Vittal
B.
, and Booher
M.
, 1998, “Numerical Simulation of Water/Methanol Evaporation in an Axial Flow Gas Turbine Compressor
,” AIAA Paper No. AIAA-98-3559.29.
Ludorf
, R. K.
, Elder
R. L.
, Tronbøl
T. H.
, and Overli
J.
, 1995, “Stage Re-Matching as a Result of Droplet Evaporation in a Compressor
,” ASME Paper No. 95-GT-194.30.
Horlock
J. H.
, 2001, “Compressor Performance With Water Injection
,” ASME Paper No. 2001-GT-343.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
