Abstract
Mainly owing to the dwindling fossil oil resources and the environmental concerns of discharging greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, it is essential to find an alternative to kerosene for civil aviation. This paper covers the main effects on aero engines when changing to hydrogen fuel. Particularly, emission and performance issues are discussed, but some design matters are also covered. By simply changing to hydrogen, small engine performance gains may be obtained. The results of the calculations suggest that there is the potential to design a combustion system using hydrogen that produces less emissions than any system using kerosene.
Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Aircraft Engines
Topics:
Combustion,
Combustion chambers,
Design,
Engines,
Hydrogen,
Temperature,
Nitrogen oxides,
Fuels,
Emissions,
Hydrogen fuels,
Cycles,
Cooling
1.
Rogers
, H. L.
, Lee
, D. S.
, Raper
, D. W.
, Foster
, P. M. de F.
, Wilson
, C. W.
, and Newton
, P. J.
, 2002, “The Impacts of Aviation on the Atmosphere
,” Aeronaut. J.
0001-9240, 106
(1064
), pp. 521
–546
.2.
Boggia
, S.
, Jackson
, A.
, and Singh
, R.
, 2001, “Unconventional Cycles for Aero Gas Turbine Engines Burning Hydrogen
,” 15th Symposium on Air Breathing Engines
, ISABE, Bangalore, India, September 3–7.3.
Corchero
, G.
, and Montañes
, J. L.
, 2003, “An Approach to the Use of Hydrogen in Actual Commercial Aircraft Engines
,” 16th Symposium on Air Breathing Engines
, ISABE, Cleveland, OH, August 31–September 5.4.
Boggia
, S.
, and Jackson
, A.
, 2002, “Some Unconventional Aero Gas Turbines Using Hydrogen Fuel
,” Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2002
, Amsterdam, ASME
, New York, Vol. 2B
, pp. 683
–690
.5.
Boggia
, S.
, 2001, “Four Unconventional Aero Gas Turbine Engines Burning Hydrogen - Cryoplane Project
,” M.Sc. thesis, Cranfield University, UK.6.
Cengel
, Y. A.
, and Boles
, A.
, 1996, Thermodynamics, An Engineering Approach
, McGraw-Hill
, New York.7.
Walsh
, P. P.
, and Fletcher
, P.
, 1998, Gas Turbine Performance
, Blackwell Science
, Malden.8.
Incropera
, F.
, and DeWitt
, D.
, 1996, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
, Fourth ed., Wiley
, New York.9.
Sundén
, B.
, 2004, Professor at Department of Heat and Power Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden, private communication.10.
Jackson
, A.
, 2004, Consultant at Cranfield University, UK, private communication.11.
Svensson
, F.
, Hasselrot
, A.
, and Moldanova
, J.
, 2004, “Reduced Environmental Impact by Lowered Cruise Altitude for Liquid Hydrogen-Fuelled Aircraft
,” Aerosp. Sci. Technol.
1270-9638, 8
(4
), pp. 307
–320
.12.
Baerst
, C. F.
, and Riple
, J. C.
, 1979, “Preliminary Studies of a Turbofan Engine and Fuel System for Use With Liquid Hydrogen
,” Hydrogen in Air Transportation, International DGLR/DFVLR Symposium, September 11–14, Germany, sequence 19.13.
Payzer
, R. J.
, and Renninger
, S. W.
, 1979, “Hydrogen Fueled High Bypass Turbofans in Subsonic Aircraft
,” Hydrogen in Air Transportation, International DGLR/DFVLR Symposium, September 11–14, Germany.14.
Lefebvre
, A. H.
, 1998, Gas Turbine Combustion
, Second ed., Edwards Brothers
, Ann Arbor.15.
Singh
, R.
, 2001, “An Overview: Gas Turbine Generated Pollutants and the Emerging Technology Solutions
,” lecture notes of course in gas turbine performance
, June 11–15, Cranfield University, UK.16.
Ziemann
, J.
, Mayr
, A.
, Anagnostou
, A.
, Suttrop
, F.
, Lowe
, M.
, Bagheri
, S. A.
, and Nitsche
, Th.
, 1998, “Potential Use of Hydrogen in Air Propulsion
,” EQHHPP, Phase III.0-3, Final Report, submitted to the European Union.17.
Ziemann
, J.
, Shum
, F.
, Moore
, M.
, Kluyskens
, D.
, Thomaier
, D.
, Zarzalis
, N.
, and Eberius
, H.
, 1998, “Low-NOx Combustors for Hydrogen Fueled Aero Engine
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
0360-3199, 23
(4
), pp. 281
–288
.18.
Dahl
, G.
, and Suttrop
, F.
, 2001, “Combustion Chamber and Emissions, The Micromix Hydrogen Combustor Technology
,” Task Technical Report No. 4.4-5A, CRYOPLANE Project.19.
Dahl
, G.
, and Suttrop
, F.
, 1998, “Engine Control and Low-NOx Combustion for Hydrogen Fuelled Aircraft Gas Turbines
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
0360-3199, 23
(8
), pp. 695
–704
.20.
Kurzke
, J.
, 1998, User’s Manual - GasTurb 8.0 for Windows, A Program to Calculate Design and Off-Design Performance of Gas Turbines
, www.gasturb.dewww.gasturb.de21.
Goodger
, E. M.
, 1993, Hydrocarbon Fuel Chemistry, With Particular Reference To Aviation
, Landfall Press
, Norwich, England.22.
Wester
, L.
, 1996, Tabeller och diagram för energitekniska beräkningar
, Västerås
, Sweden.23.
McBride
, B. J.
, and Gordon
, S.
, 1996, “Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications - II. Users Manual and Program Description
,” NASA Ref. Publ. No. 1311, fromhttp://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/24.
Gordon
, S.
, and McBride
, B. J.
, 1994, “Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications - I. Analysis
,” NASA Ref. Publ. No. 1311, from http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/25.
Turns
, R. S.
, 1996, An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications
, McGraw-Hill
, New York.26.
Suttrop
, F.
, 2003, Professor at Fachhochschule Aachen, Germany, private communication.27.
Singh
, R.
, 2002, “Combustor Cooling and Metal Temperatures
,” lecture notes of course in gas turbine combustion, June 24–28, Cranfield University, UK.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
