Black liquor, the lignin-rich byproduct of kraft pulp production, is burned in boiler/steam turbine cogeneration systems at pulp mills today to provide heat and power for onsite use. Black liquor gasification technologies under development would enable this fuel to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports preliminary economics of 100-MWe scale integrated black-liquor gasifier/combined cycles using alternative commercially proposed gasifier designs. The economics are based on detailed full-load performance modeling and on capital, operating and maintenance costs developed in collaboration with engineers at Bechtel Corporation and Stone & Webster Engineering. Comparisons with conventional boiler/steam turbine systems are included. [S0742-4795(00)00402-6]

Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels
Keywords:
gas turbines, paper industry, economics
Topics:
Boilers, Economics , Fuel gasification, Gas turbines, Heat, High temperature, Power stations, Project cost estimation, Pulp, Sulfate waste liquor, Combined heat and power, Oxygen, Fuels, Cogeneration systems, Kraft papers, Modeling, Steam
1.
AFPA, 1996, Fact Sheet on 1994 Energy Use in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry, American Forest & Paper Association, Wash., DC.
2.
Adams, T. N., Frederick, W. J., Hupa, M., Iisa, K., Jones, A., and Tran, H., 1997, Kraft Recovery Boilers, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
3.
Larson
,
E. D.
, and
Raymond
,
D.
,
1997
, “
Commercializing Black Liquor and Biomass Gasifier/Gas Turbine Technology
,”
Tappi J.
,
80
, No.
12
, pp.
50
–
57
.
4.
Larson, E. D., Yang, W., McDonald, G., Frederick, W. J., Malcolm, E. W., McDonough, T. J., Iisa, K., Kreutz, T. G., and Brown, C., 1998, “Impacts of Integrated Gasification—Combined Cycle Recovery Technology on the Chemical Aspects of Kraft Pulping and Recovery,” Proceedings of the 1998 Int’l. Chemical Recovery Conf., Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, pp. 1–18.
5.
Consonni
,
S.
,
Larson
,
E. D.
,
Kreutz
,
T. G.
, and
Berglin
,
N.
,
1998
, “
Black Liquor-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
120
, pp.
442
–
449
.
6.
Larson, E. D., and Consonni, S., 1997, “Performance of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Cogeneration in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry,” Proceedings, 3rd Biomass Conf. of the Americas, Overend and Chornet, eds., Elsevier Science Inc., Tarrytown, NY, pp. 1495–1512.
7.
Consonni, S., 1992, “Performance Prediction of Gas/Steam Cycles for Power Generation,” Ph.D. thesis 1893-T, Mechanical and Aerospace Eng. Dept., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
8.
Larson, E. D., Consonni, S., Berglin, N., and Kreutz, T., 1996, “Advanced Technologies for Biomass-Energy Utilization in the Pulp and Paper Industry,” report to U.S. Dept. of Energy from Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
9.
Lorson, H., Schingnitz, M., White, V. F., and Dean, D. R., 1996, “Black Liquor Recovery by Pressurized Oxygen-Blown Gasification,” Proceedings, 1996 Engineering Conference, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, pp. 557–565.
10.
Aghamohammadi, B., Mansour, M. N., Durai-Swamy, K., Steedman, W., Rockvam, L. N., Brown, C., and Smith, P., 1995, “Large Scale Pilot Testing of the MTCI/Thermochem Black Liquor Steam Reformer,” Proceedings, 1995 Int’l. Chemical Recovery Conf., Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, pp. B297–B301.
11.
Pietruszkiewicz, J., 1997, “Final Report for Costing High-Temperature Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration Systems,” prepared by Bechtel National, Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD) for Center for Energy & Environmental Studies, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
12.
Gastwirth, G., 1997, “Costing Study of the Stonechem Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Cogeneration System,” prepared by Stone and Webster Engineering Corp. (New York, NY) for Center for Energy & Environmental Studies, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
Copyright © 2000
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.