The early history of combined power plants is described, together with the birth of the CCGT plant (the combined “cycle” gas turbine). Sustained CCGT development in the 1970s and 1980s, based on sound thermodynamic considerations, is outlined. Finally more recent developments and future prospects for the combined gas turbine/steam turbine combined plant are discussed.

Issue Section:
The 1994 Calvin Winsor Rice Lecture
Topics:
Power stations, Gas turbines, Cycles, Steam turbines
1.
Bannister
R. L.
,
Cheruvu
N. S.
,
Little
D. A.
, and
McGuiggan
G.
,
1994
, “
Turbines for the Turn of the Century
,”
Mechanical Engineering
, Vol.
116
, June, pp.
455
–
463
.
2.
Briesch
M. S.
,
Bannister
R. L.
,
Diakunchak
I. S.
, and
Huber
D. J.
,
1995
, “
A Combined Cycle Designed to Achieve Greater Than 60 Percent Efficiency
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER
, Vol.
117
, this issue, pp.
733
–
740
.
3.
Cumpsty, N. A., and Young, J. B., 1994, private communication.
4.
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5.
Daudet, H. C., and Trimble, S. W., 1980, “Evaluation Method for Closed Cycle Gas Turbines in Cogeneration Applications,” ASME Paper No. 80-GT-176.
6.
Davidson, B. J., and Keeley, K. R., 1991, “The Thermodynamics of Practical Combined Cycles,” Proc. I. Mech. E. Conference on Combined Cycle Gas Turbines, pp. 28–50.
7.
Emmet
W. L. R.
,
1925
, “
The Emmet Mercury-Vapour Process
,”
Trans. ASME
, Vol.
46
, pp.
253
–
285
.
8.
EPRI, 1988, “Cool Water Coal Gasification Project 5th Annual Progress Report,” AP-5931.
9.
Hackett, H. N., 1951, “Mercury-Steam Power Plants,” Mechanical Engineering, July, pp. 559–564.
10.
Hawthorne
W. R.
, and
Davis
G. de V.
,
1956
, “
Calculating Gas Turbine Performance
,”
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, Vol.
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, p.
461
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.
11.
Hendriks
C. A.
,
Blok
K.
, and
Turtenburg
W. C.
,
1991
, “
Technology and Cost of Recovering and Storing Carbon Dioxide From an Integrated-Gasifier Combined-Cycle Plant
,”
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, Vol.
16
, No.
11/12
, pp.
1277
–
1293
.
12.
Horlock, J. H., 1957, “The Thermodynamic Efficiency of the Field Cycle,” ASME Paper No. 57-A-44.
13.
Horlock, J. H., 1987, Co-generation: Combined Heat and Power, Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
14.
Horlock, J. H., 1992, Combined Power Plants, Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
15.
Horlock, J. H., 1995a, “The Optimum Pressure Ration for a CCGT Plant” Proc. IMechE, in press.
16.
Horlock
J. H.
,
1995
b, “
Electricity Pricing—A Discussion of Discounting Methods
,”
Energy
, Vol.
20
, No.
4
, pp.
273
–
278
.
17.
Kehlfofer, R., 1991, Combined Cycle Gas and Steam Turbine Power Plants, Fairmont Press, Lilburn, GA.
18.
Kehlhofer, R., 1994, private communication.
19.
Larson
E. D.
, and
Williams
R. H.
,
1987
, “
Steam Injection Gas Turbines
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER
, Vol.
106
, pp.
731
–
736
.
20.
Manfrida, G., and Mannucci, M., 1986, “Exergy Analysis of Possible Solutions for Combined Gas-Steam Cycles,” Proc. 21st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, pp. 123–128.
21.
Manfrida, G., Bosio, A., and Bidini, G., 1988, “Second Law Analysis of Combined Gas-Steam Power Plants,” Proc. 23rd Intersociety Energy Conversion Conference, pp. 391–397.
1.
Rice
I. G.
,
1980
, “
The Combined Reheat Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Cycle
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR POWER
, Vol.
102
, Part 1, pp.
35
–
41
;
2.
ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR POWER
, Vol.
102
, Part 2, pp.
42
–
49
.
1.
Seippel
C.
, and
Bereuter
R.
,
1960
, “
The Theory of Combined Steam and Gas Turbine Installations
,”
Brown Boveri Review
, Vol.
47
, pp.
83
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2.
Stodola, A., 1924, Dampf und Gas Turbinen, Springer, Berlin.
3.
Timmermans, A. R. J., 1978, “Combined Cycles and Their Possibilities,” Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Lecture Series 6, Vol. 1.
4.
Todd, D. M., 1993, “Clean Coal Technologies for Gas Turbines,” GE Power Generation GER-3650C.
5.
Tomlinson, L. O., Chase, D. L., Davidson, T. L., and Smith, R. W., 1993, “GE Combined Cycle Product Line and Performance,” GE Power Generation, GER-3574D.
6.
Tsatsaronis, G., and Winfold, M., 1984, “Thermoeconomic Analysis of Power Plants,” EPRI AP3651.
7.
Tuzson
J.
,
1992
, “
Status of Steam Injection Gas Turbines
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER
, Vol.
114
, pp.
682
–
687
.
8.
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9.
Williams
R. H.
,
1982
, “
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,”
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, pp.
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.
10.
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11.
Wunsch
A.
,
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, “
Combined Gas/Steam Turbine Power Plants—The Present State of Progress and Future Developments
,”
Brown Boveri Review
, Vol.
65
, No.
10
, pp.
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–
655
.
12.
Wunsch
A.
,
1985
, “
Highest Efficiencies Possible by Converting Gas Turbine Plants Into Combined Cycle Plants
,”
Brown Boveri Review
, Vol.
10
, pp.
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463
.
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