A Combined Volume of Fluid and Immersed Boundary Method for Modeling of Two-Phase Flows With High Density Ratio

A combined volume of fluid and immersed boundary method is developed to simulate two-phase flows with high density ratio. The problems of discontinuity of density and momentum flux are known to be challenging in simulations. In order to overcome the numerical instabilities, an extra velocity field is designed to extend velocity of the heavier phase into the lighter phase and to enforce a new boundary condition near the interface, which is similar to nonslip boundary conditions in fluid–structure interaction problems. The interface is captured using a volume of fluid method, and a new boundary layer is built on the lighter phase side by an immersed boundary method. The designed boundary layer helps to reduce the spurious velocity caused by the imbalance of dynamic pressure gradient and density gradient and to prevent tearing of the interface due to the tangential velocity across the interface. The influence of time-step, density ratio, and spatial resolution is studied in detail for two set of cases, steady stratified flow and convection of a high-density droplet, where direct comparison is possible to potential flow analysis (i.e., infinite Reynold s number). An initial study for a droplet splashing on a thin liquid film demonstrates applicability of the new solver to real-life applications. However, detailed comparisons should be performed in the future for finite Reynold s number cases to fully demonstrate the improvements in accuracy and stability of high-density ratio two-phase flow simulations offered by the new method.