The results of flow experiments performed in a row of confined cylinders designed to mimic a model of a prismatic gas-cooled reactor lower plenum design are presented. Pressure measurements between the cylinders were made. Additionally, the flow field was measured using particle image velocimetry at two different resolutions (one at high resolution and a second with wide angle that includes three cylinders). Based on these measurements, five regimes of flow behavior are identified that are found to depend on Reynolds number. It is found that the recirculation region behind the cylinders is shorter than that of half-cylinders placed on the wall representing the symmetry plane. Unlike a single cylinder, the separation point is always found to be on the rear of the cylinders, even at very low Reynolds number.

1.
Schultz
,
R. R.
, 2006, “
Workshop on Computational Tools for Advanced Reactors
,”
ASME Fluids Engineering Division Meeting
.
2.
Schultz
,
R. R.
,
McIlroy
,
H. M.
,
McCreery
,
G. E.
,
Johnson
,
R. W.
, and
McEligot
,
D. M.
, 2006, “
Specifying Standard Problems for Validating Advanced Reactor Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis Tools
,”
ANS Winter Meeting
, Nov.
3.
Stoots
,
C.
,
Becker
,
S.
,
Condie
,
K.
,
Durst
,
F.
, and
McEligot
,
D.
, 2001, “
A Large-Scale Matched Index of Refraction Flow Facility for LDA Studies Around Complex Geometries
,”
Exp. Fluids
0723-4864,
30
(
4
), pp.
391
398
.
4.
Condie
,
K. G.
,
McCreery
,
G. E.
,
McIlroy
,
H. M.
, and
McEligot
,
D. M.
, 2005, “
Development of an Experiment for Measuring Flow Phenomena Occurring in a Lower Plenum for VHTR CFD Assessment
,” INL, Technical Report No. INL/EXT-05-00603.
5.
Žukauskas
,
A.
, 1975, “
Heat Transfer From Tubes in Crossflow
,”
Adv. Heat Transfer
0065-2717,
8
, pp.
93
160
.
6.
Schultz
,
R. R.
,
Ball
,
S. J.
, and
King
,
J.
, 2004, “
Catalogue of Validation Data for Gas-Cooled Reactor Operational and Accident Scenarios
,” INEEL, Technical Report No. INEEL/EXT-04-02294.
7.
Zhang
,
H. Q.
,
Fey
,
U.
,
Noack
,
B. R.
,
Konig
,
M.
, and
Eckelmann
,
H.
, 1995, “
On the Transition of the Cylinder Wake
,”
Phys. Fluids
1070-6631,
7
(
4
), pp.
779
794
.
8.
Kim
,
W.
,
Sung
,
J.
,
Yoo
,
J. Y.
, and
Lee
,
M. H.
, 2004, “
High-Definition PIV Analysis on Vortex Shedding in the Cylinder Wake
,”
J. Visualization
1343-8875,
7
(
1
), pp.
17
24
.
9.
Wang
,
Z. J.
, and
Zhou
,
Y.
, 2005, “
Vortex Interactions in a Two Side-By-Side Cylinder Near-Wake
,”
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
0142-727X,
26
(
3
), pp.
362
377
.
10.
Chilton
,
T. H.
, and
Genereaux
,
R. P.
, 1933, “
Pressure Drop Across Tube Banks
,”
,
29
, pp.
161
173
.
11.
Grimison
,
E. D.
, 1937, “
Correlation and Utilization of New Data on Flow Resistance and Heat Transfer for Cross Flow of Gases Over Tube Banks
,”
Trans. ASME
0097-6822,
59
, pp.
583
594
.
12.
Bergelin
,
O. P.
,
Brown
,
G. A.
, and
Doberstein
,
S. C.
, 1952, “
Heat Transfer and Fluid Friction During Flow Across Banks of Tubes IV: A Study of the Transition Zone Between Viscous and Turbulent Flow
,”
Trans. ASME
0097-6822,
74
, pp.
953
960
.
13.
Kays
,
W. M.
, and
London
,
A. L.
, 1964,
Compact Heat Exchangers
,
McGraw-Hill
,
New York
.
14.
Achenbach
,
E.
, 1989, “
Heat-Transfer From a Staggered Tube Bundle in Cross-Flow at High Reynolds-Numbers
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
32
(
2
), pp.
271
280
.
15.
Velichko
,
V. I.
,
Pronin
,
V. A.
, and
Yassin
,
N.
, 1993, “
Heat Transfer, Hydrodynamics and Energy Efficiency in Closely Packed Tube Bundles in Cross Flow
,”
Heat Transfer Research
,
25
, pp.
629
633
.
16.
Poskas
,
P. S.
, and
Survila
,
V. J.
, 1983, “
Fluctuations of Velocity of Cross Flow of Air in the Space Between Tubes in Bundles
,”
Heat Transfer-Sov. Res.
0440-5749,
15
(
1
), pp.
75
86
.
17.
Katinas
,
V. I.
,
Bakas
,
R. V.
,
Perednis
,
E. E.
, and
Svedoscius
,
V. A.
, 1990, “
Effect of Turbulence of the Incident Flow on Flow-Induced Vibrations of Tube Bundles Operating in Crossflow
,”
Fluid Mech.-Sov. Res.
0096-0764,
19
(
5
), pp.
9
17
.
18.
Scholten
,
J. W.
, and
Murray
,
D. B.
, 1998, “
Heat Transfer and Velocity Fluctuations in a Staggered Tube Array
,”
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
0142-727X,
19
(
3
), pp.
233
244
.
19.
Iwaki
,
C.
,
Cheong
,
K. H.
,
Monji
,
H.
, and
Matsui
,
G.
, 2004, “
PIV Measurement of the Vertical Cross-Flow Structure Over Tube Bundles
,”
Exp. Fluids
0723-4864,
37
(
3
), pp.
350
363
.
20.
Stanescu
,
G.
,
Fowler
,
A.
, and
Bejan
,
A. J.
, 1996, “
The Optimal Spacing of Cylinders in Free-Stream Cross-Flow Forced Convection
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
39
(
2
), pp.
311
317
.
21.
Beale
,
S. B.
, and
Spalding
,
D. B.
, 1998, “
Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Tube Banks With Streamwise-Periodic Boundary Conditions
,”
Trans. Can. Soc. Mech. Eng.
0315-8977,
22
, pp.
397
416
.
22.
Watterson
,
J. K.
,
Dawes
,
W. N.
,
Savill
,
A. M.
, and
White
,
A. J.
, 1999, “
Predicting Turbulent Flow in a Staggered Tube Bundle
,”
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
0142-727X,
20
(
6
), pp.
581
591
.
23.
Wilson
,
M. K.
, and
Bassiouny
,
A. S.
, 2000, “
Modeling of Heat Transfer for Flow Across Tube Banks
,”
Chem. Eng. Process.
0255-2701,
39
(
1
), pp.
1
14
.
24.
Benhamadouche
,
S.
,
Laurence
,
D.
,
Jarrin
,
N.
,
Afgan
,
I.
, and
Moulinec
,
C.
, 2005, “
Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Across In-Line Tube Bundles
,”
11th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics
, Avignon, France, Paper No. 405.
25.
Perkins
,
H. C.
, and
Leppert
,
G.
, 1964, “
Local Heat-Transfer Coefficients on a Uniformly Heated Cylinder
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
7
(
2
), pp.
143
158
.
26.
Žukauskas
,
A.
,
Daujotas
,
P. M.
, and
Ilgarubis
,
V. S.
, 1982, “
Effect of Flow Turbulence and Channel Blockage on the Flow Pattern Over a Cylinder in Crossflow of Water at Critical Re
,”
Fluid Mech.-Sov. Res.
0096-0764,
11
, pp.
38
47
.
27.
Ames
,
F. E.
,
Dvorak
,
L. A.
, and
Morrow
,
M. J.
, 2005, “
Turbulent Augmentation of Internal Convection Over Pins in Staggered-Pin Fin Arrays
,”
ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X,
127
(
1
), pp.
183
190
.
28.
Armstrong
,
J.
, and
Winstanley
,
D.
, 1988, “
A Review of Staggered Array Pin Fin Heat-Transfer for Turbine Cooling Applications
,”
ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X,
110
(
1
), pp.
94
103
.
29.
Ames
,
F. E.
, and
Dvorak
,
L. A.
, 2006, “
Turbulent Transport in Pin Fin Arrays: Experimental Data and Predictions
,”
ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X,
128
(
1
), pp.
71
81
.
30.
Moulinec
,
C.
,
Hunt
,
J. C. R.
, and
Nieuwstadt
,
F. T. M.
, 2004, “
Disappearing Wakes and Dispersion in Numerically Simulated Flows Through Tube Bundles
,”
Flow, Turbul. Combust.
1386-6184,
73
, pp.
95
116
.
31.
Westerweel
,
J.
, 1997, “
Fundamentals of Digital Particle Image Velocimetry
,”
Meas. Sci. Technol.
0957-0233,
8
, pp.
1379
1392
.
32.
Westerweel
,
J.
, 2000, “
Theoretical Analysis of the Measurement Precision in Particle Image Velocimetry
,”
Exp. Fluids
0723-4864,
29
, pp.
S3
S12
.
33.
Raffel
,
M.
,
Willert
,
C.
, and
Kompenhans
,
J.
, 1998,
Particle Image Velocimetry
,
Springer-Verlag
,
Berlin
.
34.
Beckwith
,
T. G.
,
Marangoni
,
R. D.
, and
Lienhard
,
J. H.
, 1993,
Mechanical Measurements
, 5th ed.,
Addison-Wesley
,
Reading, MA
.
35.
Fried
,
E.
, and
Idelchik
,
I. E.
, 1989,
Flow Resistance: A Design Guide for Engineers
,
Hemisphere
,
New York
.
36.
Smith
,
B. L.
, 2007, “
Experimental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Website
,” http://www.efdl.usu.eduhttp://www.efdl.usu.edu
37.
Balachandar
,
S.
,
Mittal
,
R.
, and
Najjar
,
F. M.
, 1997, “
Properties of the Mean Recirculation Region in the Wakes of Two-Dimensional Bluff Bodies
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
351
, pp.
167
199
.
You do not currently have access to this content.