The United States military has undergone numerous changes since the end of the Cold War. Specifically, the U.S. Navy experienced a shift in the area of engagement from the “blue water” (water depth greater than ) to littoral regions of the world. The sea mines become the big threat in the naval operations. Within the past three U.S. ships, the USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58), Tripoli (LPH-10), and Princeton (CG-59) have fallen victim to mines. The total ship damage was $125 million while the mines cost approximately $30 ,000 (1).
Let be the horizontal coordinates and the vertical coordinate. A two-dimensional model (called IMPACT28) was developed to predict the mine’s movement in the cross section (2). The model contains two momentum equations (in and directions) and one moment...